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1.
利用2010年珠江口外海陆地震联测数据,探测到滨海断裂带在担杆岛外12 km处发育,断裂带主体倾向东南、宽约20 km,沉积层在断裂带内迅速增厚引起陆上固定地震台站的Pg震相在对应断裂带位置的走时明显滞后.通过震相分析和走时正演拟合,获得了滨海断裂带两侧由浅至深的纵波速度结构模型,断裂带内部沉积层速度为1.8~3.5 km/s,上地壳速度5.2~6.1 km/s,下地壳速度为6.3~6.6 km/s,莫霍面的埋深由滨海断裂带陆侧的29 km抬升至其海侧的27 km.滨海断裂带两侧的地壳结构特征明显不同,证实了该断裂带是华南陆区正常型陆壳与南海减薄型陆壳分界断裂的性质.在华南沿海和海陆过渡带的下地壳顶部探测到厚约3 km、层速度为5.5~5.9 km/s的低速层,往海域逐渐减薄尖灭.壳内低速层是地壳中的力学软弱带,与近似正交的NEE向滨海断裂带和NW向断裂带共同组构成了该区地震活动的孕震构造. 相似文献
2.
南海东北部首次成功实施海陆联合深地震探测,填补了海陆过渡带深地震探测的空白. 利用该次海陆联测地震数据,通过数据处理、震相分析、射线追踪、走时模拟等方法,获得了滨海断裂带附近的纵波地壳速度结构,探明了海陆联测剖面中滨海断裂带可能位置. 地壳速度结构为陆壳结构,地壳厚度由陆地向海区逐步变薄;在上地壳下部普遍存在一层速度为5.5～5.9km·s-1、厚度为2.5～4.0km的低速层,并向海区方向减薄,该区未发现明显的高速层. 滨海断裂带为一纵向低速带,位于南澳台东南35km处,对应于重、磁异常带,断裂带断至莫霍面,是华南陆区正常型陆壳与海区减薄型陆壳的分界地壳断裂. 相似文献
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根据福建及台湾海峡南部海陆联测试验记录到的Pg和Pm震相走时数据，利用速度与界面联合成像方法构建地壳三维P波速度结构，揭示了该区地壳深部构造特征.结果表明：福建和台湾海峡海陆过渡带以及海峡南部地壳速度结构存在明显的不均匀性，滨海断裂两侧速度结构复杂，随深度呈现明显的分段特征，其上地壳海陆过渡带呈高速特性，台湾海峡呈低速特性；下地壳海陆过渡带呈低速特性，台湾海峡呈高速特性；研究区莫霍面的深度约为28~33 km，存在较明显差异，闽粤交接部位存在明显的地壳厚度减薄，莫霍面深度接近28 km，这与正常型华南活动地块与减薄型南海活动地块交汇致使地壳厚度减薄有关，体现了活动块体边界构造特征.历史大震主要发生在高低速异常过渡带且有深大断裂穿过的区域，现今中小震主要分布于闽粤海陆过渡带，这一特征可能与此地广泛发育的断层和华南与南海活动地块相互作用有关. 相似文献
5.
漳州盆地及其邻区地壳深部结构的探测与研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
漳州盆地及其邻区地处我国大陆东南沿海地震带中段。通过该地区高分辨率折射及宽角反射，折射地震探测剖面，获得了该区地壳几何结构与速度结构、地壳深浅部断裂的几何形态和构造关系等。结果表明，该区地壳分为上地壳和下地壳。上地壳的厚度为16．5～18．8km，下地壳厚度为12．0～13．0km。上地壳分为上下两部分。在上地壳下部有一个低速层，速度约为6．00km／s，低速层顶面深度为12．0km左右，厚度约为5．0km。下地壳也分为上下两部分。Moho界面的深度为29．0～31．8km。该区6条地壳浅部正断层大部分向地下延伸深度不超过4km，最大延伸深度达5km左右。据推测，浅部正断层下方有一条高倾角地壳深断裂带，该断裂带向下断至Moho面，向上断至上地壳下部低速层中。深浅部断裂构造不相连接。漳州盆地深浅部构造组合特征表明，九龙江断裂带是该区内一条特征明显、具有复杂深浅构造背景的深断裂带。这一深地震探测成果的获得，使得该地区深部资料解释的可靠性和探测精度比以往显著提高；对深浅部构造的组合可作统一解释，地壳的分层和结构特征更为确切和精细；首次发现上地壳的拉张性构造及铲式正断层组合特征，不仅有助于对漳州及其邻区地震危险性的综合判定，而且对深化东南沿海地震带深部动力学过程的认识具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为了探明南海北部海陆过渡带的深部地壳结构,我们在香港外海域进行了一次海陆地震联洲的实验,利用固定地震台网远距离接收海上气枪信号,接收距离远达200多km,并利用此次实验的测线1剖面模拟得到了海陆过渡带的深部地壳速度结构.速度结构模型表明:研究区海陆过渡带的地壳结构非均匀性较明显,由陆至海沉积层有一个突然增厚的特点;莫霍面深度约为26～29 km,上地壳P波速度约为5.5～6.4 km/s,下地壳P波速度为6.5～6.9 km/s.在担杆列岛往海方向有一个低速破碎带,其上地壳P波速度为5.2～6.1 km/s,下地壳P波速度为6.2～6.4 km/s,结合野外地质调查的结果,推测它可能为滨海断裂带.在担杆列岛往陆方向香港和深圳之间的研究区域,莫霍面有较大起伏,可能与此处发育的海丰断裂有关. 相似文献
7.
南海北部海陆过渡带地壳结构的研究现状及展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
首先总结了前人在南海北部海陆过渡带获得的研究成果：由重磁异常、水深及卫星影像等资料推测滨海断裂带存在于南海北部海陆过渡地区：介绍了最近在南海北部海陆过渡地区开展的海陆地震联测试验,其结果显示有一个穿透整个地壳的低速破碎带发育于海陆过渡地区,推测它为滨海断裂带在速度上的表现,另外广泛分布于华南大陆的中地壳低速层在海陆过渡处也有较好发育;总结了天然地震层析成像在南海北部海陆过渡带的研究成果。最后结合目前的研究现状,指出了今后我们的研究方向：在逐步完善目前海陆地震联测试验的基础上,同时开展海陆过渡带的多道地震数据采集及地球化学研究：加强海陆过渡带的地震监测。进行震源机制解和人工地震与天然地震联合成像的研究。 相似文献
8.
基于2012年实施的漳浦—下洋—武平人工地震爆破探测数据以及2015年实施的陆海联测HX07的数据,用射线追踪和正演走时拟合方法,获得了福建南部—台湾海峡的初步二维纵波速度模型。剖面显示:滨海断裂带表现为宽约20 km的切穿地壳的破碎低速带,与其两侧的地壳结构存在较大的横向差异,莫霍面在滨海断裂带处发生较大的突变,其深度由左侧的30 km左右抬升至右侧的28.8 km左右,上下地壳厚度比亦由靠陆一侧的1:1降至向海一侧的0.5:1;上述特征表明滨海断裂带是华南地块正常型陆壳与海区减薄型陆壳的分界断裂。地壳速度在海陆过渡带偏高,康拉德面和莫霍面在此处也有显著抬升,推测其可能是在地壳的伸展拉张及太平洋板块与菲律宾海板块向欧亚大陆板块的俯冲的共同作用下,深部软流圈物质沿着长乐—诏安深大断裂上侵形成的。 相似文献
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地壳和上地幔结构及其性质对于理解地球浅部构造演化过程具有非常重要的指示作用.南海地区位于亚洲东南部,其构造演化长期以来受到了特提斯和太平洋构造域的控制.晚中生代以来,南海北部经历了主动大陆边缘向被动大陆边缘的演化,并且发生了多期次拉张构造运动,形成了一系列裂陷和盆地.近几年来,地震学探测方面的丰硕成果为理解此过程提供了有效的约束.(1)地壳结构方面而言:海底地震探测结果表明,南海北部陆缘地壳厚度范围为7～32 km,最厚和最薄处分别对应着东沙隆起和白云凹陷.深地震反射/折射剖面结果显示南海东北部大陆架和洋陆过渡带的下地壳底部发育有明显的高速层,厚度为0～10 km,且向洋盆减薄并尖灭,此特征与张裂运动后岩浆底侵过程一致.东沙隆起的上地壳岩性为长英质,表明该区12 km厚的下地壳高速层可能与中生代太平洋板块俯冲产生的火山弧有关.(2)在岩石圈尺度上:面波成像结果显示,南海北部的岩石圈比周边陆块的要薄一些,大致在60～75 km之间,为中生代俯冲形成的软弱带.(3)上地幔结构方面:体波层析成像结果表明在南海北部地区地幔转换带内存在高速异常,三重震相波形拟合则进一步约束了该高速异常体,即厚度为209～225 km,P波高速异常为1.5％～3.5％,其可能为中生代太平洋俯冲板片或伴随有大陆岩石圈拆沉体,也可能是古南海北部板片的俯冲残留体.滞留板片带来的低温异常导致410 km间断面抬升了 5 km,660 km间断面下沉了 5～15km.与此同时,在地幔转换带之上存在厚度为60～75 km,P波低速异常为2.0％～2.5％的低速层,其可能与地幔转换带内俯冲板片脱水有关. 相似文献
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邢台地震区深部构造背景的地震转换波探测和研究 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14
1982-1986年期间,在东汪、隆尧和百尺口邢台地区的强震震源区完成了3条近NW向地震转换波测深剖面。利用转换波数据处理新方法,实现了转换震相的相位对比追踪,得出了震源区较详细的深部构造剖面图和速度结构模型。发现强震震源区深部构造的特点为:上地壳强烈褶皱变形;中地壳急剧减薄;下地壳和上地幔局部上隆;存在一组深部超壳断裂;低速层急剧增厚,波速比增大以及上地幔波速偏低。表明研究区的下地壳和上地幔的温度可能偏高,其地震活动可能与上地幔物质的侵入作用有关。 相似文献
11.
D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
12.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
13.
Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后，可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流，则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
20.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献