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利用SDT-20型三轴仪探究双向动荷载下红黏土动变形特性。结果表明:相位差为0其他条件相同时红黏土动剪切模量随径向动荷载幅值增加而减小;双向动荷载下红黏土动剪应变与振动次数近似呈指数型关系增长,并存在一个临界循环次数;随含水率升高和固结应力增大,重塑红黏土破坏模式由受拉破坏变为受压破坏;径向动荷载幅值的增加使重塑红黏土更容易发生受拉破坏;双向动荷载下阻尼比随动剪应变增加无明显规律,动剪应变小于1%时阻尼比的变化无规律,动剪应变大于1%时随动剪应变增加阻尼比处于稳定平衡阶段。含水率对阻尼比变化规律有明显影响,含水率小于20%时阻尼比随含水率增大而增大,含水率大于20%时其对阻尼比影响可以忽略。 相似文献
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为了探究加载频率、幅值对橡胶隔震支座水平等效刚度、特征强度、屈服后刚度、等效阻尼比及耗能等力学性能的影响，在实验室常温(25℃左右)环境中对直径为700 mm的典型常用天然橡胶支座和铅芯橡胶支座(共4个)进行了一系列的压剪试验，其中，加载频率变化范围为0.3～0.67 Hz,加载幅值变化范围为25%～250%。考虑到试验中加载设备摩擦力与惯性力的影响，本文对实测水平力进行修正并绘制出隔震支座的真实滞回曲线。实验结果表明：支座内部温度随加载频率的增大，升温越为明显，其中在最大加载频率下，天然与铅芯支座在前三圈循环下的升温幅度分别为5.24%和29.98%;随着加载幅值从25%～250%不断增大，隔震支座水平等效刚度和屈服后刚度的最大下降幅度分别为67%和55%,特征强度的增长幅度范围为64%～188%,且天然与铅芯支座耗能约增加15～26倍；此外，铅芯支座的内部温度上升幅度和各项力学性能均明显高于天然支座，但随着加载进行，铅芯支座的特征强度出现了更为明显的刚度退化，且在前三圈循环加载中天然与铅芯支座的特征强度分别退化了3.34%和12.2%。 相似文献
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西昌昔格达组黏土岩动力特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在大量动三轴试验的基础上,研究了不同固结条件(σ3c=100,200,400 kPa,kc=1.0,1.5,2.0)下西昌昔格达组黏土岩的动应力-动应变关系、动弹性模量、阻尼比及动强度特性。研究结果表明:西昌昔格达组黏土岩在一定条件下的动应力-动应变关系符合幂函数模型。动应力随着固结围压σ3c或固结主压力比kc增大而增大。在相同围压下,达到相同动应变时,偏压固结状态比均压状态所需要的动应力大。当其他条件相同时,动弹性模量随固结压力或固结主压力比增大而增大,随着动应变的增加而减小并趋于稳定。最大动弹性模量Ed0与σ3c/Pa、kc均有良好的幂函数关系,且对不同固结应力状态条件可以归一。阻尼比随动应变增大而增大,但增大幅度随动应变增大而迅速减小,阻尼比随围压或固结主压力比增大而减小,但它们对阻尼比影响较小。不同固结应力状态下(λ/λmax)与(1-Ed/Ed0)有良好的幂函数关系。西昌昔格达组饱和黏土岩动剪应力τd随固结围压σ3c或固结主压力比kc增大而增大,随振动次数增加而减小。τd/σm均随固结围压σ3c增大而减小,随固结压力比kc增大而增大。动剪应力τd与平均压力σm、固结主压力比kc有较好的线性关系。 相似文献
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甘肃舟曲泄流坡滑坡地处活跃断层破裂带内,断层活动控制着该滑坡的发育和运动。为了研究该滑坡滑带土的动力特性,采用重塑滑带土样,在固结不排水条件下,利用分级循环加载法开展动三轴试验,重点探讨含水率的变化对滑带土动力特性的影响规律。试验结果表明:含水率一定时,泄流坡滑坡滑带土的动弹性模量随动应变的增大呈指数形式减小;动应变一定时,动弹性模量随含水率的增大而不断减小,且衰减速率随含水率的增大而增大;含水率并不影响动弹性模量-动应变关系曲线的形态,不同含水率下该关系曲线可以进行归一化。滑带土阻尼比随含水率的增大而增大,阻尼比-动应变关系曲线也具有归一化特征。不同含水率下泄流坡滑带土动应力-应变本构关系可以用双曲线模型进行描述。 相似文献
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利用室内SDT-20动三轴试验机对贵阳原状红黏土进行循环荷载作用下动力特性试验，探究不同围压、固结应力比和振动频率对红黏土动力学参数的影响，结合实验数据及参数模型拟合贵阳红黏土动应力应变关系、动弹性模量及阻尼比经验公式，结果表明：贵阳红黏土动本构关系仍符合H-D双曲线增长模型，动弹性模量随动应变增长非线性衰减，阻尼比随动应变增长非线性增加。围压及固结应力比对红黏土动力学参数具有显著影响，围压及固结应力比增大，动变形减小，动弹性模量增加，阻尼比降低，同等条件下，提高振动频率，动力学参数显示出与围压及固结应力比相同规律，但不显著。基于H-D模型，给出了贵阳原状红黏土双曲线模型参数，通过多元回归分析，拟合并提出针对贵阳红黏土的在不同试验条件下动弹性模量衰减及阻尼比经验公式，给出相应的拟合参数。 相似文献
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针对广西上林县原状红黏土开展一系列循环加载动三轴试验,分析天然含水率、围压与固结应力比等对红黏土动力特性,包话动应力-动应变关系、动弹性模量以及阻尼比等的影响来研究循环荷载作用下红黏土的动力特性。试验结果表明:广西原状红黏土动应力-动应变关系曲线接近双曲线;由于初始剪应力的影响,达到相同的动应变,在均压固结下所需的动应力比在偏压固结下所需动应力要小;动弹性模量随着动应变的增加而减小,且减小幅度随应变增加逐渐减小,初始应力状态对动弹性模量的影响最为显著;固结应力比、围压、含水率和振动次数等对阻尼比均有影响,综合反映在阻尼比随动应变增加而减小,阻尼比离散性较大,取值范围在0.05~0.20之间。利用Konder双曲线模型对试验数据进行拟合,得到相关参数,可为广西地区原状红黏土动力特性设计和数值计算提供一定的理论和参数支持。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2021,41(2)
采用低温动三轴试验方法,以黑龙江省季冻区盐渍化问题比较突出的大庆杜尔伯特地区盐渍土为研究对象,针对负温、围压和振动频率3个试验条件,对季冻区盐渍土的动应力、动弹性模量、模量比和阻尼比等动力参数的变化规律及其主要影响因素进行研究,给出不同影响因素下的动应力与动应变关系曲线;动弹性模量与动应变曲线;动模量比与动应变关系曲线和阻尼比与动应变关系曲线的归一化拟合曲线。试验表明:温度对动应力影响最明显,在应变相同的情况下,温度与动应力、动弹性模量、阻尼比呈负相关,而与模量比呈正相关。围压对动弹性模量影响显著,与动应力、动弹性模量、模量比呈正相关,而与阻尼比呈负相关。频率对模量比和阻尼比影响较大,随着频率的增大动应力、动弹性模量和模量比先增大后减小,阻尼比先减小后增大。研究成果为盐渍土场地动力分析计算,冻胀与融沉评价以及冻害防治提供了更为合理可靠的理论依据,可供我国高寒地区工程设计和施工参考。 相似文献
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A generalized spring multi-Winkler model is developed for the static and dynamic response of rigid caisson foundations of circular, square, or rectangular plan, embedded in a homogeneous elastic. The model, referred to as a four-spring Winkler model, uses four types of springs to model the interaction between soil and caisson: lateral translational springs distributed along the length of the caisson relating horizontal displacement at a particular depth to lateral soil resistance (resultant of normal and shear tractions on the caisson periphery); similarly distributed rotational springs relating rotation of the caisson to the moment increment developed by the vertical shear tractions on the caisson periphery; and concentrated translational and rotational springs relating, respectively, resultant horizontal shear force with displacement, and overturning moment with rotation, at the base of the caisson. For the dynamic problem each spring is accompanied by an associated dashpot in parallel. Utilising elastodynamic theoretical available in the literature results for rigid embedded foundations, closed-form expressions are derived for the various springs and dashpots of caissons with rectangular and circular plan shape. The response of a caisson to lateral static and dynamic loading at its top, and to kinematically-induced loading arising from vertical seismic shear wave propagation, is then studied parametrically. Comparisons with results from 3D finite element analysis and other available theoretical methods demonstrate the reliability of the model, the need for which arises from its easy extension to multi-layered and nonlinear inelastic soil. Such an extension is presented in the companion papers by the authors [Gerolymos N, Gazetas G. Development of Winkler model for lateral static and dynamic response of caisson foundations with soil and interface nonlinearities. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng. Submitted companion paper; Gerolymos N, Gazetas G. Static and dynamic response of massive caisson foundations with soil and interface nonlinearities—validation and results. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng. Submitted companion paper.]. 相似文献
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Kai J. Marder Christopher J. Motter Kenneth J. Elwood G. Charles Clifton 《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(11):2195-2213
Understanding the impact of prior earthquake damage on residual capacity is important for postearthquake damage assessment of buildings; however, interpretation of such impact is challenging when based on tests using traditional reversed‐cyclic loading protocols. A new loading protocol, consisting of a dynamic earthquake displacement history followed by quasi‐static reversed‐cyclic loading to failure, is presented as an alternative to traditional simulated seismic loading protocols. Data are analyzed from a set of 12 nominally identical ductile reinforced concrete beams that were tested by using variations of this protocol and traditional reversed‐cyclic and monotonic protocols. Differences in the cycle content of the earthquake displacement histories applied to the test specimens allowed for the effects of load history variation below 2.2% drift to be isolated. It is found that such variation had no effect on the beam deformation capacities. The effects of dynamic loading rates are also analyzed and compared against control quasi‐static specimens. Relative strength increases due to dynamic loading are found to be more significant at yield than at ultimate. Dynamic loading rates led to modest reductions in the beam deformation capacities, but the presence of causality between these variables remains uncertain. 相似文献
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爆炸荷载下土石坝动力响应特征的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土石坝在爆炸荷载下的力学响应是一个非常复杂的力学问题,相关研究甚少。在LS-DYNA软件框架内,以两河口土石坝为研究对象,把坝体材料简化为混凝土、心墙、反滤层与堆石体等4种,用500 kg TNT在坝顶接触爆炸时的瞬态荷载作为荷载源,针对不同材料建立适合于爆炸高加载率特征的本构模型,用数值方法分析了土石坝在潜在爆炸荷载下的破坏与损伤演化规律。结果表明,在爆炸荷载作用下,由于土石坝材料组成的多样性,应力波传播规律异常复杂,土石坝的力学响应呈现出显著的分区特征。 相似文献
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The energy dissipation capacity of a structure is a very important index that indicates the structural performance in energy‐based seismic design. This index depends greatly on the structural components that form the whole system. Owing to the wide use of the strong‐column weak‐beam strength hierarchy where steel beams dissipate the majority of earthquake input energy to the structures, it is necessary to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Under cyclic loadings such as seismic effects, the damage of the beams accumulates. Therefore, loading history is known to be the most pivotal factor influencing the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Seismic loadings with significantly different characteristics are applied to structural beams during different types of earthquakes and there is no unique appropriate loading protocol that can represent all types of seismic loadings. This paper focuses on the effects of various loading histories on the deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the beams. Cyclic loading tests of steel beams were performed. In addition, some experimental results from published tests were also collected to form a database. This database was used to evaluate the energy dissipation capacity of steel beams suffering from ductile fracture under various loading histories. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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针对胶合木梁-柱节点抗弯能力弱的问题,提出了一种带隅撑的胶合木梁-双肢柱框架结构节点,以提高节点的转动刚度,改善梁柱结构框架的抗侧性能.对3组6个足尺胶合木梁-双肢柱框架结构节点进行了单调和低周反复加载试验以研究节点的抗震性能.结果表明:无隅撑节点类似于铰接,抗弯承载力很小,增设隅撑后显著提高了节点的转动刚度和抗弯承载... 相似文献
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In quasi-static and hybrid tests, accurate reproduction of structural responses often requires multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) loading methods. A successful loading method should not only be used on specific specimens for research purposes, but also be applicable to all possible types of specimen and testing setups for engineering purposes. However, for different specimens, the concerned nodes and DOFs differ in size, leading to non-uniform kinematic transformation between the Cartesian system and the actuators/transducers coordinate systems. While for different testing setups, the type of loading targets on each DOF varies, they can be displacement or force. These diversities together make it difficult to achieve versatility in applying loading methods. To address this challenge, a control nodes based loading method was proposed. This method was constructed based on the viewpoint that any specimen can be treated as a combination of several control nodes, and the loading loop should be constructed on each control node. In this method, at first, the loading targets, actuators and external transducers were assigned to each control node accordingly. Then, the loading loops were constructed based on each control node instead of the entire specimen DOFs, which is capable of achieving uniform kinematic transformation and also convenient to apply redundant controlling. Finally, all the control nodes were assembled in one closed loop to support mixed force-displacement loading considering the coupling of multiple DOFs. Hybrid tests and quasi-static tests of a full-scale steel frame were carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed loading method. 相似文献
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A new semi-empirical formula for evaluating the residual strain of soils under earthquake loading is presented in this paper based on the incremental method and the increment model proposed by the authors. When the incident loading is uniform, the results calculated by the new formula are nearly the same as those by the existing formula. For excitation of the random earthquake loading, the results calculated by the new formula are compared to the results obtained by dynamic triaxial tests. The dynamic triaxial tests had been performed considering different seismic waves, confining stresses,consolidation ratios, and types of cohesive soils. The comparison between the calculated and tested results indicate that the presented formula can efficiently and practically describe the time-dependent process of the soil residual strains under actual seismic loads. 相似文献
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Applying active control systems to civil engineering structures subjected to dynamic loading has received increasing interest. This study proposes an active pulse control model, termed unsupervised fuzzy neural network structural active pulse controller (UFN‐SAP controller), for controlling civil engineering structures under dynamic loading. The proposed controller combines an unsupervised neural network classification (UNC) model, an unsupervised fuzzy neural network (UFN) reasoning model, and an active pulse control strategy. The UFN‐SAP controller minimizes structural cumulative responses during earthquakes by applying active pulse control forces determined via the UFN model based on the clusters, classified through the UNC model, with their corresponding control forces. Herein, we assume that the effect of the pulses on structure is delayed until just before the next sampling time so that the control force can be calculated in time, and applied. The UFN‐SAP controller also averts the difficulty of obtaining system parameters for a real structure for the algorithm to allow active structural control. Illustrative examples reveal significant reductions in cumulative structural responses, proving the feasibility of applying the adaptive unsupervised neural network with the fuzzy classification approach to control civil engineering structures under dynamic loading. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献