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1.
A. J. Kappos I. G. Gidaris K. I. Gkatzogias 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(4):1237-1266
Currently available displacement-based design (DBD) procedures for bridges are critically evaluated with a view to identifying extensions and/or modifications of the procedure, for it to be applicable to final design of a fairly broad class of bridges. An improved direct DBD procedure is presented, including a suite of comprehensive design criteria and proper consideration of the degree of fixity of the pier top. The design of an overpass bridge (originally designed to a current European Code), applying the improved ‘direct’ displacement-based design (DDBD) procedure is presented and both ‘conventional’ and displacement-based designs are assessed using non-linear response-history analysis (NLRHA); comparisons are made in terms of both economy and seismic performance of the different designs. It is seen that DDBD provided a more rational base shear distribution among piers and abutments when compared to the force-based design procedure and adequately captured the displacement pattern, closely matching the results of the more rigorous NLRHA. 相似文献
2.
为研究不同设计参数对曲线梁桥地震响应的影响以指导结构抗震设计,对不同支承约束曲线梁桥地震响应及地震需求敏感性进行分析。采用增量动力分析（IDA）方法对比分析了不同支承约束曲线梁桥的结构地震响应变化趋势;采用Tornado图形法对不同结构参数影响程度进行了排序,找出了对结构地震需求影响显著的参数。结果表明:采用板式橡胶支座桥梁因支座易发生滑移而导致上部结构位移较大,但降低了下部结构响应,设置固定墩后,下部结构损伤显著增加;对于采用板式橡胶支座和铅芯橡胶支座的曲线梁桥,墩高及跨径对墩底曲率需求影响较大,而对于固定墩为墩梁固结形式和采用盆式橡胶支座的曲线梁桥,跨径及跨数对墩底曲率需求影响较大;对于采用不同支承约束的曲线梁桥,墩高和曲率半径对桥台位移需求影响较大,仅次于地震动参数PGA。 相似文献
3.
An improvement is suggested to the direct displacement‐based design (DDBD) procedure for bridges to account for higher mode effects, the key idea being not only the proper prediction of a target‐displacement profile through the effective mode shape method (wherein all significant modes are considered), but also the proper definition of the corresponding peak structural response. The proposed methodology is then applied to an actual concrete bridge wherein the different pier heights and the unrestrained transverse displacement at the abutments result in an increased contribution of the second mode. A comparison between the extended and the ‘standard’ DDBD is conducted, while further issues such as the proper consideration of the degree of fixity at the pier's top and the effect of the deck's torsional stiffness are also investigated. The proposed methodology and resulting designs are evaluated using nonlinear response‐history analysis for a number of spectrum‐compatible motions. Unlike the ‘standard’ DDBD, the extended procedure adequately reproduced the target‐displacement profile providing at the same time a good estimate of results regarding additional design quantities such as yield displacements, displacement ductilities, etc., closely matching the results of the more rigorous nonlinear response‐history analysis. However, the need for additional iterations clearly indicates that practical application of the proposed procedure is feasible only if it is fully ‘automated’, that is, implemented in a software package. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
本文以一座三跨总长60 m的整体桥为案例桥,分别试设计了同跨径的半整体桥、延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥。通过Midas/Civil软件建立四种桥型的有限元模型,并对其进行了E1和E2反应谱分析和时程分析,对比了四种桥型的结构反应峰值（墩顶位移、桥墩及桩基剪力与弯矩、台底位移、桥台桩基剪力与弯矩）。计算结果表明:当桥梁存在15°的斜交角,整体桥、半整体桥在地震动沿平行于桥台长边方向及其垂直方向输入时更不利,而延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥在地震动沿顺桥向和横桥向输入时更不利。四种桥型在地震作用下:整体桥抗震性能最优异,但其台底位移、桥台桩基的剪力和弯矩最大;半整体桥台底位移、桥台桩基的剪力和弯矩最小,其墩顶位移、桥墩及桩基的剪力和弯矩仅比整体桥大;延伸桥面板桥和常规连续梁桥的墩-梁相对位移远大于整体桥和半整体桥,不适用于地震基本烈度高的区域。 相似文献
5.
从板式橡胶支座及混凝土挡块抗震设计角度,以一座典型的3跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥为例,结合概率地震需求分析及桥墩、支座等抗震关键构件极限破坏状态,建立不同支座及挡块分析模型的中小跨径梁桥地震易损性曲线,研究考虑支座滑移效应及挡块破坏的中小跨径梁桥的易损性特征。研究结果表明:不考虑橡胶支座的滑移效应及混凝土挡块破坏,桥墩地震破坏概率明显增大,且会低估支座破坏概率;桥梁系统易损性受支座破坏状态的影响显著,需设置合理的限位装置;在中小跨径梁桥地震易损性分析中,考虑支座的滑移效应及混凝土挡块的破坏十分必要。 相似文献
6.
考虑流固耦合作用的深水桥墩地震响应分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地震作用下,深水桥墩与周围水体的耦合振动是一个非常复杂的动力相互作用问题。本文基于非线性Morison方程,采用Airy波浪理论,建立了深水桥墩考虑流固耦合作用的有限元模型,应用Newmark—β法提出了求解该耦合非线性方程的算法,并用ANSYS软件和Matlab软件自编了求解程序。以某跨海大桥深水桥墩为算例,对其进行在地震作用下的非线性动力分析,并与已有计算方法进行对比。结果表明：按本文方法计算的墩顶最大位移、墩底最大剪力及墩底最大弯矩均较大,差异最大达到12．5％。因此在极端海况条件下,对深水桥墩进行地震作用下的动力分析时,建议采用本文考虑流固耦合的方法。 相似文献
7.
为研究曲线桥梁在多维地震激励下考虑桩-土动力相互作用的地震响应特性,本文建立了空间桩-土脱离、摩阻和土体压缩非线性理论分析模型。为简化计算将该非线性弹簧模型进行线性化处理,结合有限元ANSYS分析平台建立了黄土场地的曲线桥仿真分析模型,对考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥进行了多维多工况数值分析,对比研究了曲线主梁跨中弯矩、墩底剪力和弯矩及桥墩顶位移的地震响应。结果表明:考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥梁主梁跨中内力与地震波输入方向密切相关,三维地震作用下主梁内力最大;各工况地震荷载作用下桥墩底部径向剪力响应比切向剪力响应大很多,而桥墩径向弯矩比切向弯矩略小;同一工况下不同桥墩顶切向位移响应大小相当,而径向位移差异较大。在进行非规则曲线桥梁抗震设计时,应充分考虑多维和单维地震激励输入工况。 相似文献
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10.
在地震作用下中小跨径梁桥横向易出现落梁以及桥墩破坏。为了防止桥梁出现上述震害,提出以楔形挡块作为限位装置来提升桥梁的横向抗震性能。以一座3×20 m连续混凝土梁桥为例,通过OpenSees软件来建立有限元模型,在考虑板式橡胶支座的摩擦滑移效应、钢筋混凝土桥墩的非线性等力学效应的情况下,对其进行动力时程分析。引入主梁位移响应、桥墩顶部最大位移响应等作为指标,用柔性挡块、刚性挡块两种工况来与楔形挡块进行对比分析,并且分析楔形挡块不同角度对位移响应的影响。结果表明:楔形挡块角度设置合适时能够有效约束梁体位移响应,并且不显著提高桥墩顶部的位移响应。 相似文献
11.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lead rubber isolators on the seismic response of bridges designed
according to current codes for two different soil conditions: hard and medium type soils, in order to assess their applicability
for the design of new bridges or retrofit of existing ones. The study was conducted for two levels of earthquake, one corresponding
to a return period of 50 years and a service limit state, the other with a return period of 1,000 years and a failure limit
state. Twenty one subduction earthquake records on the two types of soil were used to evaluate the linear and nonlinear dynamic
response of a set of bridges designed for this purpose with and without base isolation. The response parameters evaluated
are the maximum relative displacement on top of the piers, the maximum pier distortion, the maximum shear forces in the piers
and the ductility demands for the isolators. The results presented are the average of these maxima for the various earthquakes.
This study is an expansion of a previous one in which the seismic response of 36 bridges considering models with and without
base isolators, structures with linear base isolators and bridges with nonlinear isolators. The results of this study confirm
the conclusions previously obtained and show that the isolation can have beneficial effects even for bridges located in medium
soil types. 相似文献
12.
深水悬臂桥墩动力特性及地震响应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用ADINA中的势流体单元对一已建成的深水高墩建模,桥梁上部结构对桥墩的影响以墩顶集中质量的形式体现,分别对不同水深条件下桥墩-水体系的动力特性和地震动响应进行了系统的求解;为了检验Morison方程在深水桥墩动力分析中的有效性,将基于忽略速度力项的Morison方程的计算结果与基于势流体的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明：①水体对结构的自振频率折减影响随着水深的增大而增大,基于Morison方程得到的结构频率的影响大于势流体模型;②水深对墩顶位移的影响比加速度明显,墩底剪力受水深的影响大于其对墩底弯矩的影响;③考虑上部集中质量的影响,结构的响应会不同程度地减小;④相对于势流模型,忽略速度项的Morison方程所得到的结构动力反应略显保守。 相似文献
13.
直接基于位移可靠度的抗震设计方法中目标位移代表值的确定 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
针对20多个现役结构，以基于力的抗震设计方法所求基底剪力与直接基于位移的抗震设计方法所求基底剪力相等为原则，回归给出了直接基于位移的抗震设计中基底剪力的调整系数。在此基础上，通过进一步分析，提出了直接基于位移可靠度的抗震设计中层间目标位移代表值的确定方法。最后，总结给出了直接基于位移可靠度的抗震设计步骤。 相似文献
14.
以一座典型山区非规则梁桥为研究对象,建立了该桥梁多维多点激励下的多自由度动力计算模型,研究了该桥梁在多维多点激励下考虑支座摩擦滑移及结构碰撞等非线性因素时的抗震性能。研究结果表明:相比一维地震输入,多维地震可使结构的动力响应增加,桥墩底部弯矩需求增大;相比一致激励,多点激励可使得支座的位移需求增大,且地震波最后到达的桥墩上方支座位移最大;同时考虑多点激励和碰撞效应可使桥墩的弯矩需求增加;水平地震作用下,矮墩上部的支座容易滑动,且双向地震较单向地震更明显,三向地震输入较双向有所增强。因此,对山区非规则梁桥进行抗震设计时应有针对性地进行多维多点地震输入计算,找出结构的最大地震需求,以期指导设计。 相似文献
15.
位于高烈度区的深水斜拉桥在地震下不仅会受到强震的作用,还会受到附近水体的作用,结构抗震要求高,选择合理的抗震体系非常重要.以云南格巧高速双河特大桥为工程实例,分析动水作用对斜拉桥地震响应的影响及其与地震强度的关系,在此基础上对斜拉桥的纵、横向抗震体系展开研究并给出合理建议.结果表明,动水作用会增大索塔塔底内力和结构整体位移响应,且对剪力的影响最大;动水对结构各响应的放大作用随地震强度增加呈现出增减不一的变化趋势,抗震设计时应分别考虑各级地震下的动水效应;索塔、辅助墩和桥台处均设置黏滞阻尼器等阻尼约束的纵向协同抗震体系能够最有效减小墩、塔底纵向内力及结构纵向位移,建议作为斜拉桥纵向抗震体系; 斜拉桥横向推荐采用索塔处设置固定约束、墩台处设置钢阻尼器等弹塑性约束的组合约束体系,该体系能同时降低墩、塔底横向内力,并有效控制结构整体横向位移响应. 相似文献
16.
为研究基础隔震体系对转体斜拉桥抗震性能的影响,以新建福厦客运专线太城溪特大桥为工程背景,建立全桥动力模型,进行非线性时程分析。选取7组地震波与5组曲面摩擦摆支座基础隔震方案,对比分析基础隔震转体斜拉桥的抗震性能。结果表明：采用基础隔震体系后,转体斜拉桥的自振周期增大,整体刚度与地震响应显著降低;曲面摩擦摆支座对结构变形的影响较小,但会使内力大幅降低,可作为该转体斜拉桥基础隔震体系的隔震支座;采用基础隔震体系后,主墩墩底弯矩减小44.83%～55.82%,剪力减小40.3%～63.09%,塔梁固结处产生最大位移65.53 mm。 相似文献
17.
Estimating seismic demands on structures, to predict their performance level with confidence, requires explicit consideration
of the structural inelastic behaviour: to this end, the use of nonlinear static procedures is inevitably going to be favoured
over complex nonlinear time-history methods.
The currently available assessment procedures have been tested predominantly against building frames. A newly derived assessment
procedure is proposed within the scope of bridge applications, based on an innovative displacement-based adaptive pushover
technique. The procedure, which can be incorporated into a performance-based engineering philosophy, is applicable to MDOF
continuous span bridges with flexible or rigid superstructures, and for varying degrees of abutment restraint.
As a first application to determine the viability of the proposed procedure, a parametric study is conducted on a ensemble
of bridges subjected to earthquake motion. It is shown that, compared to the seismic demand estimated by means of the more
accurate nonlinear dynamic analysis tool, the novel static assessment method can lead to the attainment of satisfactory predictions,
both in terms of displacement as well as moment demand on members. 相似文献
18.
In Italy, as in other high seismic risk countries, many bridges, nowadays deemed ‘strategic’ for civil protection interventions after an earthquake, were built without antiseismic criteria, and therefore their seismic assessment is mandatory. Accordingly, the development of a seismic assessment procedure that gives reliable results and, at the same time, is sufficiently simple to be applied on a large population of bridges in a short time is very useful. In this paper, a displacement‐based procedure for the assessment of multi‐span RC bridges, satisfying these requirements and called direct displacement‐based assessment (DDBA), is proposed. Based on the direct displacement‐based design previously developed by Priestley et al., DDBA idealizes the multi DOF bridge structure as an equivalent SDOF system and hence defines a safety factor in terms of displacement. DDBA was applied to hypothetical bridge configurations. The same structures were analyzed also using standard force‐based approach. The reliability of the two methods was checked performing IDA with response spectrum compatible accelerograms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Double-column bridge piers are prone to local damage during earthquakes, leading to the destruction of bridges. To improve the earthquake resistance of double-column bridge piers, a novel swing column device (SCD), consisting of a magnetorheological (MR) damper, a current controller, and a swing column, was designed for the present work. To verify the seismic energy dissipation ability of the SCD, a lumped mass model for a double-column bridge pier with the SCD was established according to the low-order modeling method proposed by Steo. Furthermore, the motion equation of the double-column bridge pier with the SCD was established based on the D’Alembert principle and solved with the use of computational programming. It was found that the displacement response of the double-column bridge pier was effectively controlled by the SCD. However, due to rough current selection and a time delay, there is a significant overshoot of the bridge acceleration using SCD. Hence, to solve the overshoot phenomenon, a current controller was designed based on fuzzy logic theory. It was found that the SCD design based on fuzzy control provided an ideal shock absorption effect, while reducing the displacement and acceleration of the bridge pier by 36.43%–40.63% and 30.06%–33.6%, respectively.
相似文献20.
A nonlinear static analysis methodology for the derivation of a set of pushover curves for any angle of incidence of the seismic action (multidirectional pushover curves) for bridges is developed, wherein the interaction between axial force and biaxial moments at critical pier sections or biaxial shear forces at the bearings is taken into account. Dynamic pushover curves (base shear vs. peak deck displacement) for arbitrary angle of incidence of the excitation, are derived for both unidirectional (single-component) and bidirectional (dual-component) ground motion. It is found that neglecting the minor horizontal component leads to underestimation of bridge response, especially along the bridge principal directions and that the angle of incidence of bidirectional excitation affects bridge response, but to a lesser extent than in the case of unidirectional excitation. The proposed procedure is then applied to a straight symmetric bridge, its results are checked against those from response-history analysis, and is found to be sufficiently accurate for practical application. Using the derived results it is also found that the design of the selected bridge is safe since for the design bidirectional earthquake the bridge starts to behave inelastically (the first plastic hinge forms), while its failure occurs for about four times the design seismic action. 相似文献