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1.
Discrimination of earthquakes and quarry blasts in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In recent years, a large number of quarry blasts have been detonated in the eastern Black Sea region. When these blasts are recorded by seismic stations, they contaminate the regional earthquake catalog. It is necessary to discriminate quarry blast records from the earthquake catalogs in order to determine the real seismicity of the region. Earthquakes and quarry blasts can be separated through different methods. These methods should be applied concurrently in order to safely distinguish these events. In this study, we discriminated quarry blasts from earthquakes in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. We used 186 seismic events recorded by the Karadeniz Technical University and Bogaziçi University Kandilli Observatory Earthquake Research Institute stations which are Trabzon, Espiye, Pazar, Borçka, Ayd?ntepe, and Gümü?hane between years of 2002 and 2010. For the discrimination of quarry blasts from earthquakes, we used both, statistical methods (calculation of the maximum ratio of S to P waves (S/P), complexity (C)) and spectral methods (spectrogram calculation). These methods included measuring the maximum amplitude S/P, C, spectral ratio, and time-frequency analysis. We especially relied on two-dimensional time-frequency analysis methods to discriminate quarry blasts from earthquakes in Turkey. As a result of this study, 68 % of the examined seismic events were determined to be quarry blasts and 32 % to be earthquakes. The earthquakes occurring on land are related to small faults and the blasts are concentrated in large quarries. Nearly 40 % of the earthquakes occurred in the Black Sea, most of them are related to the Black Sea thrust belt, where the largest earthquake was observed in the time period studied. The areas with the largest earthquake potential in the eastern Black Sea region are in the sea. 相似文献
2.
The Sakarya prefecture is an interesting area with various seismicity types. This activity comes from earthquakes occurring at the North Anatolian Fault Zone and from a few quarry blast areas in the region. These quarry blast recordings produce errors in the determination of active faults and mapping of the microearthquake activity. Therefore, to recognize the tectonic activity in the region, we need to be able to discriminate between earthquakes and quarry blasts in the catalogues. In this study, a statistical analysis method (linear discriminant function) has been applied to classify seismic events occurring in the Sakarya region. We used 110 seismic events that were recorded by Sakarya University Seismic Station between 2012 and 2014. Time and frequency variant parameters, maximum S wave and maximum P wave amplitude ratio (S/P), the spectral ratio (Sr), maximum frequency (fmax), and total signal duration of the waveform were used for discrimination analyses. The maximum frequency (fmax) versus time duration of the seismic signal gives a higher classification percentage (94%) than the other discriminants. At the end of this study, 41 out of 110 events (44%) are determined as quarry blasts, and 62 (56%) are considered as earthquakes. 相似文献
3.
Thisarticle presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for classification of low magnitude seismic events reported
in Iran by the network of Tehran Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization (TDMMO). ANFIS classifiers were used to detect
seismic events using six inputs that defined the seismic events. Neuro-fuzzy coding was applied using the six extracted features
as ANFIS inputs. Two types of events were defined: weak earthquakes and mining blasts. The data comprised 748 events (6289
signals) ranging from magnitude 1.1 to 4.6 recorded at 13 seismic stations between 2004 and 2009. We surveyed that there are
almost 223 earthquakes with M ≤ 2.2 included in this database. Data sets from the south, east, and southeast of the city of
Tehran were used to evaluate the best short period seismic discriminants, and features as inputs such as origin time of event,
distance (source to station), latitude of epicenter, longitude of epicenter, magnitude, and spectral analysis (fc of the Pg
wave) were used, increasing the rate of correct classification and decreasing the confusion rate between weak earthquakes
and quarry blasts. The performance of the ANFIS model was evaluated for training and classification accuracy. The results
confirmed that the proposed ANFIS model has good potential for determining seismic events. 相似文献
4.
Yu. A. Kugaenko V. M. Pavlov E. I. Ivanova I. R. Abubakirov V. A. Saltykov 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2017,11(6):419-433
This paper reports a study of the Tolud earthquake sequence; the sequence was a burst of shallow seismicity between November 28 and December 7, 2012; it accompanied the initial phase in the Tolbachik Fissure Eruption of 2012?2013. The largest earthquake (the Tolud earthquake of November 30, 2012, to be referred to as the Tolud Earthquake in what follows, with KS = 11.3, ML = 4.9, MC = 5.4, and MW = 4.8) is one of the five larger seismic events that have been recorded at depths shallower than 10 km beneath the entire Klyuchevskoi Volcanic Cluster in 1961?2015. It was found that the Tolud earthquake sequence was the foreshock–aftershock process of the Tolud Earthquake. This is one of the larger seismicity episodes ever to have occurred in the volcanic areas of Kamchatka. Data of the Kamchatka seismic stations were used to compute some parameters for the Tolud Earthquake and its largest (ML = 4.3) aftershock; the parameters include the source parameters and mechanisms, and the moment magnitudes, since no information on these is available at the world seismological data centers. The focal mechanisms for the Tolud Earthquake and for its aftershock are consistent with seismic ruptures at a tension fault in the rift zone. Instrumental data were used to estimate the intensity of shaking due to the Tolud Earthquake. We discuss the sequence of events that was a signature of the time-dependent seismic and volcanic activity that took place in the Tolbachik zone in late November 2012 and terminated in the Tolud burst of seismicity. Based on the current ideas of the tectonics and magma sources for the Tolbachik volcanic zone, we discuss possible causes of these earthquakes. 相似文献
5.
内蒙古和林格尔地处鄂尔多斯块体北缘阴山地震带内,历史上6级以上强震频发。2020年3月30日和林格尔发生M_L4.5地震,打破了自2005年以来阴山地震带M_L4.0以上地震的长期平静。研究此次地震序列的发震构造对区域应力状态和地震危险性分析有重要作用,然而内蒙古地震台网台站较为稀疏,相对于华北其他地区地震监测能力较低,对和林格尔地震序列的分析造成不利影响。本文采用匹配定位检测方法(ML)检测区域台网目录遗漏的微震,并对检测到的地震事件进行精定位。匹配定位方法共检测到序列中可定位的地震事件61个,约为台网目录的1.3倍,可定位地震约为台网目录的2.9倍。地震序列重定位结果中余震整体呈现NE向的分布,与使用CAP方法得到主震震源机制NE向节面走向基本一致,破裂为正断走滑型,显示和林格尔M_L4.5地震序列发震构造为NE走向、NW倾向的拉张性断层。结合计算结果和区域地震地质构造特征,认为M_L4.5地震序列发震构造为NE走向的岱海-黄旗海盆地南缘断裂。 相似文献
6.
利用基于GPU加速的匹配定位法和双差定位法,对江苏盐城及邻区18个台站记录的2009~2018年共10年的连续地震资料进行分析。首先从台网目录中挑选211个地震事件作为模板事件,使用匹配定位技术对江苏盐城附近连续10年的地震进行检测和识别,共识别出1349个地震事件,约为台网目录地震事件的3倍,最小完备震级由台网目录的ML1.9降为ML1.2。然后利用双差定位法对检测到的地震事件进行精定位,精定位的结果揭示：建湖地区的地震密集带与洪泽-沟墩断裂有关,震源深度优势分布为5~20km,断裂两侧震源深度有显著差异,断裂带倾向NW;射阳震群震源深度比建湖震群有所加深,优势分布为10~25km,震源深度由南东向西北逐渐变浅;宝应地区地震丛集分布;东台地区由于模板事件相对较少,扫描定位后,地震事件在陈家堡-小海断裂带附近零星分布。研究结果为研究盐城地区的地震活动性、发震断层的深部构造提供了基础数据支撑。 相似文献
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9.
针对2014年8月—2015年1月安徽金寨发生的M_L3.9震群,利用匹配滤波技术补充台网目录遗漏的地震事件,再利用波形互相关震相检测技术标定P波和S波到时,进一步采用双差定位方法对震群进行重定位,结合震源机制解等分析此次震群活动可能的发震构造。计算结果显示,通过互相关扫描检测到1376个地震台网常规分析遗漏的地震,数量约为台网目录给出的585个事件的2.35倍。检测到的遗漏地震震级估算为M_L0～2.3,通过震级-频次统计分析,加入遗漏地震后地震目录的完整性在M_L0～1.5范围内有较明显的改善。重定位后地震走时残差更小,水平位置更集中,沿NNE向断裂F和NW向青山-晓天断裂呈现近直立的条带状分布。结合地质构造、震源机制解和水库因素,推测2014年金寨M_L3.9震群可能是由周边水库水下渗引起NW向青山-晓天断裂与NNE向断裂F慢滑动而触发的。 相似文献
10.
PI Forecast for the Sichuan-Yunnan Region: Retrospective Test after the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan Earthquake 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The May 12, 2008, Wenchuan M S 8.0/M w 7.9 earthquake occurred in the middle part of the north–south seismic zone in central west China, being one of the greatest thrust events on land in recent years. To explore whether there were some indications of the increase of strong earthquake probabilities before the Wenchuan earthquake, we conducted a retrospective forecast test applying the Pattern Informatics (PI) algorithm to the earthquakes in the Sichuan-Yunnan region since 1992. A regional earthquake catalogue complete to M L 3.0 from 01/01/1977 to 15/06/2008 was used. A 15-year long ‘sliding time window’ was used in the PI calculation, with ‘anomaly training time window’ and ‘forecast time window’ both set to 5 years. With a forecast target magnitude of M S 5.5, the ROC test shows that the PI forecast outperforms not only random guess but also the simple number-counting approach based on the clustering hypothesis of earthquakes (the RI forecast). ‘Hotspots’ can be seen in the region of the northern Longmenshan fault which is responsible for the Wenchuan earthquake. However, when considering bigger grid size and higher cutoff magnitude, such ‘hotspots’ disappear and there is very little indication of an impending great earthquake. 相似文献
11.
The characteristics of spatio-temporal seismicity evolution before the Wenchuan earthquake are studied. The results mainly involve in the trend abnormal features and its relation to the Wenchuan earthquake. The western Chinese mainland and its adjacent area has been in the seismically active period since 2001, while the seismic activity shows the obvious quiescence of M≥?7.0, M≥?6.0 and M?≥5.0 earthquakes in Chinese mainland. A quiescence area with M?≥7.0 has been formed in the middle of the North-South seismic zone since 1988, and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just within this area. There are a background seismicity gap of M?≥5.0 earthquakes and a seismogenic gap of ML?≥4.0 earthquakes in the area of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinity prior to the Wenchuan earthquake. The seismic activity obviously strengthened and a doughnut-shape pattern of M?≥4.6 earthquakes is formed in the middle and southern part of the North-South seismic zone after the 2003 Dayao, Yunnan, earthquake. Sichuan and its vicinity in the middle of the doughnut-shape pattern show abnormal quiescence. At the same time, the seismicity of earthquake swarms is significant and shows heterogeneity in the temporal and spatial process. A swarm gap appears in the M4.6 seismically quiet area, and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just on the margin of the gap. In addition, in the short term before the Wenchuan earthquake, the quiescence of earthquake with ML≥?4.0 appears in Qinghai-Tibet block and a seismic belt of ML?≥3.0 earthquakes, with NW striking and oblique with Longmenshan fault zone, is formed. 相似文献
12.
地震序列发震构造研究是区域地震活动性和地震危险性分析的重要基础。2017年3月渤海海域发生地震序列活动,该序列发生在郯城-庐江断裂带与张家口-渤海地震带的交汇部位,区域构造较为复杂。然而在渤海海域,连续运行的固定地震监测仪器难以布设,导致地震监测能力相对较弱。本文首先采用模板匹配方法对序列遗漏地震进行检测,再使用波形互相关震相检测进行震相校正,基于校正后的震相到时数据对序列进行精定位,并计算序列中2次最大地震的震源机制解。通过计算共检测到目录遗漏地震32个,约为台网目录中地震数量的1.8倍。根据波形互相关聚类分析发现渤海地震序列可分为2组,一组为M_L4.4地震及其余震序列,一组为最大震级M_L3.5的震群,另有一个M_L1.6地震与其他地震波形相似度较低,可能为一个孤立的地震事件。精定位和震源机制结果显示,2组地震均为NE走向,M_L4.4地震发生在低倾角正断层,M_L3.5地震发生在高倾角走滑断层。最后结合区域地质构造相关研究成果,认为M_L4.4地震及其余震序列发震构造为渤中凹陷内NE向低倾角的伸展性正断层,M_L3.5震群发震构造为NE向倾角较陡的次级走滑断层。 相似文献
13.
In this paper, we calculated the seismic pattern of instrumental recorded small and moderate earthquakes near the epicenter of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake, Shanxi Province. According to the spatial distribution of small and moderate earthquakes, 6 seismic dense zones are delineated. Temporal distribution of M L≥2 earthquakes since 1970 in each seismic dense zone has been analyzed. Based on temporal distribution characteristics and historical earthquake activity, three types of seismicities are proposed. The relationship between seismic types and crustal medium is analyzed. The mechanism of three types is discussed. Finity of strong earthquake recurrence is proposed. Seismic hazard in mid-long term and diversity of earthquake disaster in Shanxi seismic belt are discussed. 相似文献
14.
K. Koch 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2002,159(4):759-778
15.
We derive S-wave attenuation characteristics, earthquake source parameters and site amplification functions at seismic stations
used for earthquake early warning in the Irpinia–Basilicata region, using non-parametric spectral inversion of seismograms
from 49 local events with M
L = 1.5–3.1. We obtain relatively low Q values (Q
0 = 28 at a frequency of 1 Hz) in conjunction with a strong frequency-dependence (close to linear). The source spectra can
be satisfactorily modeled using the omega-square model, with stress drops ranging between 0.01–2 MPa, and in the narrow magnitude
range available for analysis, the source spectra seem to scale self-similarly. The local magnitude M
L shows a linear correlation with moment magnitude M
W, however with a systematic underestimation by about 0.5-magnitude units. The results obtained in this work provide important
insights into the ground-motion characteristics that are required for appropriate seismic hazard assessment and are of practical
relevance for a suite of applications, such as the calibration of ground-motion prediction equations or the correction for
site amplification in earthquake early warning and rapid calculation of shake-maps for seismic emergency management. 相似文献
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17.
S. A. Fedotov A. V. Solomatin S. D. Chernyshev 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2008,2(6):375-394
Results are reported from the ongoing 2007–2008 work using the method of long-term earthquake prediction for the Kuril-Kamchatka arc based on the patterns of seismic gaps and the seismic cycle. This method was successful in predicting the M S = 8.2 Simushir I. (Middle Kuril Is.) earthquake occurring in the Simushir I. area on November 15, 2006. An M S = 8.1 earthquake occurred in the same area on January 13, 2007. We consider the evolution of the seismic process and determine the common rupture region of the two earthquakes. The sequence of M ≥ 6.0 aftershocks and forecasts for these are given. We provide a long-term forecast for the earthquake-generating zone of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc for the next five years, April 2008 to March 2013. Explanations are given for the method of calculation and prediction. The probable locations of future M ≥ 7.7 earthquakes are specified. For all segments of the earthquake-generating zone we predict the expected phases of the seismic cycle, the rate of low-magnitude seismicity (A10), the magnitudes of moderate-sized earthquakes to be expected, with probabilities of 0.8, 0.5, and 0.15, their maximum possible magnitudes, and the probabilities of occurrence of great (M ≥ 7.7) earthquakes. The results of these forecasts are used to enhance seismic safety. 相似文献
18.
IntroductionSince the late 1970s, the quickly developed global digital seismograph network has been providing high quality recordings of large earthquakes in global scale, based on which digital seismology has made great progress. Compared with large earthquakes, moderate and small sized shocks have more frequent occurrence, and comprise clues to geological tectonics and tectonic stress field in a region. Preceding and following a large earthquake, usually occur numbers of small events that im… 相似文献
19.
Low signal-to-noise event detection based on waveform stacking and cross-correlation: application to a stimulation experiment 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
We study the microseismicity (M L ?<?2) in the region of Landau, SW Germany. Here, due to thick sediments (~3?km) and high cultural seismic noise, the signal-to-noise ratio is in general very low for microearthquakes. To gain new insights into the occurrence of very small seismic events, we apply a three-step detection approach and are able to identify 207 microseismic events (?1?<?M L ?<?~1) with signal-to-noise ratios smaller than 3. Recordings from a temporary broadband network are used with station distances of approximately 10?km. First, we apply a short-term to long-term average detection algorithm for data reduction. The detection algorithm is affected severely by transient noise signals. Therefore, the most promising detections, selected by coinciding triggers and high-amplitude measures, are reviewed manually. Thirteen seismic events are identified in this way. Finally, we conduct a cross-correlation analysis. As master template, we use the stacked waveforms of five manually detected seismic events with a repeating waveform. This search reveals additional 194 events with a cross-correlation coefficient exceeding 0.65 which ensures a stable identification. Our analysis shows that the repeating events occurred during the stimulation of a geothermal reservoir within a source region of only about 0.5?km3. Natural background seismicity exceeding our detection level of M L ?~?0.7 is not found in the region of Landau by our analysis. 相似文献
20.
Pradeep Talwani 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,18(4):288-302
We have monitored seismic activity induced by impoundment of Lake Jocassee in northwest South Carolina for about two years. Low-level shallow activity was recorded. The larger felt events (2.0 ? ML ? 2.6) were found to be associated with precursory changes in one or more of the following; number of events, tS/tp ratio values and radon concentrations in groundwater.The microearthquakes in the precursory period were accurately located in time and space, and their location pattern was used to develop an empirical earthquake prediction model.The precursory period consists of two phases; α-phase or a period of slow (or no) increase in seismicity, and β-phase, a period when the activity increase is more rapid. The main shock was found to be located within a cluster, a “target” area defined by the location of events in the β-phase. There is a general absence of seismic activity in the “target” area in the α-phase. The main shock occurred soon after a period of quiescence in the seismic activity in the β-phase. The magnitude of the shock, ML is given by: ML = 2 log D ? 0.07, where D is the duration of the precursory period in days.The model was successfully tested with data for a magnitude 2.3 event on February 23, 1977 which was also accompanied by radon and ts/tp anomalies. 相似文献