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汶川8.0级地震序列及相关问题讨论 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
汶川8.0级地震序列具有明显的分段特性,较强余震分布于茂县、绵竹以南及平武以北。主破裂过程在中南段以逆冲为主,序列逐渐衰减,呈主余型的序列衰减特征;北段是汶川地震破裂过程的终止区域,主破裂过程在该区域以走滑为主,形成多震型的序列特征,也成为汶川序列较大余震的主体活动区域。序列较强余震活动明显受引潮力调制,大多数较强余震发生在固体潮大、小潮时段,并且16时前后是较强余震的优势发震时段。序列衰减系数p值随时间增加而逐渐增大,最终基本稳定在1附近变化。结合以往的研究,对序列类型及最大强余震震级、强余震活动持续时间等进行了初步讨论。初步的统计结果还显示,8级左右强震序列中主震与最大余震之间的震级差正比于主震破裂尺度,这意味着当震级大体接近时,较大的破裂尺度与较为充分的能量释放相对应 相似文献
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STUDY ON SOURCE PARAMETERS OF THE 8 AUGUST 2017 M7.0 JIUZHAIGOU EARTHQUAKE AND ITS AFTERSHOCKS,NORTHERN SICHUAN 
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下载免费PDF全文 WU Wei-wei WEI Ya-ling LONG Feng LIANG Ming-jian CHEN Xue-fen SUN Wei ZHAO Jing 《地震地质》1979,42(2):492-512
On August 8, 2017, a strong earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, northern Sichuan. The earthquake occurred on a branch fault at the southern end of the eastern section of the East Kunlun fault zone. In the northwest of the aftershock area is the Maqu-Maqin seismic gap, which is in a locking state under high stress. Destructive earthquakes are frequent along the southeast direction of the aftershocks area. In Songpan-Pingwu area, only 50~80km away from the Jiuzhaigou earthquake, two M7.2 earthquakes and one M6.7 earthquake occurred from August 16 to 23, 1976. Therefore, the Jiuzhaigou earthquake was an earthquake that occurred at the transition part between the historical earthquake fracture gap and the neotectonic active area. Compared with other M7.0 earthquakes, there are few moderate-strong aftershocks following this Jiuzhaigou earthquake, and the maximum magnitude of aftershocks is much smaller than the main shock. There is no surface rupture zone discovered corresponding to the M7.0 earthquake. In order to understand the feature of source structure and the tectonic environment of the source region, we calculate the parameters of the initial earthquake catalogue by Loc3D based on the digital waveform data recorded by Sichuan seismic network and seismic phase data collected by the China Earthquake Networks Center. Smaller events in the sequence are relocated using double-difference algorithm; source mechanism solutions and centroid depths of 29 earthquakes with ML≥3.4 are obtained by CAP method. Moreover, the source spectrum of 186 earthquakes with 2.0≤ML≤5.5 is restored and the spatial distribution of source stress drop along faults is obtained. According to the relocations and focal mechanism results, the Jiuzhaigou M7.0 earthquake is a high-angle left-lateral strike-slip event. The earthquake sequence mainly extends along the NW-SE direction, with the dominant focal depth of 4~18km. There are few shallow earthquakes and few earthquakes with depth greater than 20km. The relocation results show that the distribution of aftershocks is bounded by the M7.0 main shock, which shows obvious segmental characteristics in space, and the aftershock area is divided into NW segment and SE segment. The NW segment is about 16km long and 12km wide, with scattered and less earthquakes, the dominant focal depth is 4~12km, the source stress drop is large, and the type of focal mechanism is complicated. The SE segment is about 20km long and 8km wide, with concentrated earthquakes, the dominant depth is 4~12km, most moderate-strong earthquakes occurred in the depth between 11~14km. Aftershock activity extends eastward from the start point of the M7.0 main earthquake. The middle-late-stage aftershocks are released intensively on this segment, most of them are strike-slip earthquakes. The stress drop of the aftershock sequence gradually decreases with time. Principal stress axis distribution also shows segmentation characteristics. On the NW segment, the dominant azimuth of P axis is about 91.39°, the average elevation angle is about 20.80°, the dominant azimuth of T axis is NE-SW, and the average elevation angle is about 58.44°. On the SE segment, the dominant azimuth of P axis is about 103.66°, the average elevation angle is about 19.03°, the dominant azimuth of T axis is NNE-SSW, and the average elevation angle is about 15.44°. According to the fault profile inferred from the focal mechanism solution, the main controlling structure in the source area is in NW-SE direction, which may be a concealed fault or the north extension of Huya Fault. The northwest end of the fault is limited to the horsetail structure at the east end of the East Kunlun Fault, and the SE extension requires clear seismic geological evidence. The dip angle of the NW segment of the seismogenic fault is about 65°, which may be a reverse fault striking NNW and dipping NE. According to the basic characteristics of inverse fault ruptures, the rupture often extends short along the strike, the rupture length is often disproportionate to the magnitude of the earthquake, and it is not easy to form a rupture zone on the surface. The dip angle of the SE segment of the seismogenic fault is about 82°, which may be a strike-slip fault that strikes NW and dips SW. The fault plane solution shows significant change on the north and south sides of the main earthquake, and turns gradually from compressional thrust to strike-slip movement, with a certain degree of rotation. 相似文献
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地震序列的特征和震型判定工作有助于抗震救灾工作的开展,对其发生成因的研究是解决地震预报难题必须面对的科学问题。汶川8．0级地震序列的初步研究表明：①余震沿龙门山断裂带分布于宽100km,长约330km的带状区域内,并侧向于主震震中的北侧;②序列发展初期有2个快速衰减过程;③序列类型为主震一余震型,最大强余震6．4级;④序列的空间演化过程,强余震震源机制结果和地震精确定位结果分析表明,序列具有分段特征;⑤8．0级地震的发震构造是龙门山断裂带,发震构造在剖面上呈现出“犁形”或“铲形”。地球物理勘探和壳、幔结构反演结果表明,自青藏高原穿越龙门山到四川盆地存在地幔阶梯,上地幔阶梯的阻挡作用使得物质东移速率减慢,并蕴积了汶川8．0级地震所需能量。地震的产生正是东西向应力平衡被打破的结果,余震沿龙门山断裂的分布是高原地壳在印度板块的推挤作用下向北北东方向的运动得以继续的表现。整个龙门山断裂带都参与了活动,龙门山断裂带北端作为断裂带的止裂端与南段同期活动。 相似文献
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Egill Hauksson Joann Stock Kate Hutton Wenzheng Yang J. Antonio Vidal-Villegas Hiroo Kanamori 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(8-9):1255-1277
The El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake sequence started with a few foreshocks in March 2010, and a second sequence of 15 foreshocks of M?>?2 (up to M4.4) that occurred during the 24?h preceding the mainshock. The foreshocks occurred along a north?Csouth trend near the mainshock epicenter. The M w 7.2 mainshock on April 4 exhibited complex faulting, possibly starting with a ~M6 normal faulting event, followed ~15?s later by the main event, which included simultaneous normal and right-lateral strike-slip faulting. The aftershock zone extends for 120?km from the south end of the Elsinore fault zone north of the US?CMexico border almost to the northern tip of the Gulf of California. The waveform-relocated aftershocks form two abutting clusters, each about 50?km long, as well as a 10?km north?Csouth aftershock zone just north of the epicenter of the mainshock. Even though the Baja California data are included, the magnitude of completeness and the hypocentral errors increase gradually with distance south of the international border. The spatial distribution of large aftershocks is asymmetric with five M5+ aftershocks located to the south of the mainshock, and only one M5.7 aftershock, but numerous smaller aftershocks to the north. Further, the northwest aftershock cluster exhibits complex faulting on both northwest and northeast planes. Thus, the aftershocks also express a complex pattern of stress release along strike. The overall rate of decay of the aftershocks is similar to the rate of decay of a generic California aftershock sequence. In addition, some triggered seismicity was recorded along the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults to the north, but significant northward migration of aftershocks has not occurred. The synthesis of the El Mayor-Cucapah sequence reveals transtensional regional tectonics, including the westward growth of the Mexicali Valley and the transfer of Pacific?CNorth America plate motion from the Gulf of California in the south into the southernmost San Andreas fault system to the north. We propose that the location of the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah, as well as the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes, may have been controlled by the bends in the plate boundary. 相似文献
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The M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred on the Longmenshan fault zone. Based on field investigation of the surface rupture and focal mechanism study of the aftershocks, we discuss the geological relationship of the main, secondary and triggered ruptures. The main rupture is about 200km long and can be divided into the south part and the north part. The south part consists of two parallel fault zones characterized by reverse faulting, with several parallel secondary ruptures on the hanging wall of the main fault, and the north part is a single main fault zone characterized by lateral strike-slip and reverse faulting. Compared to a 300km long aftershock distribution, the surface rupture only occupies 200km, and the remaining 100km on the northeast of the main rupture was triggered by aftershocks. Study on the ruptures of this earthquake will be useful for studying the earthquake risk evolution on the Longmenshan fault system. 相似文献
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横亘新疆境内的天山及其周边的西昆仑、阿尔金和阿尔泰是中国大陆著名的强构造运动区和地震活动带。在对新疆构造区应力环境、动力过程、断层运动变形特征和地震序列分析讨论的基础上,对新疆及其周缘主要构造区地震破裂方式和序列类型进行研究,得出如下结论:(1)西昆仑构造区受来自青藏块体和塔里木块体NS和NW向水平压应力和垂向力的作用,构造运动呈现出走滑与逆冲特征,震源破裂以走滑型为主,数量较少的逆断型地震主要分布在西昆仑帕米尔一侧的深震挤压区,正断型地震主要出现在西昆仑与阿尔金交汇的拉张盆地及附近。该区主余型地震占63%,6级以上地震序列也存在多震类型。(2)阿尔金断裂带位于西昆仑北缘断裂和北祁连断裂过渡带,受青藏块体向北和向西的推挤,断裂本身的左旋位移量通过两端逆冲挤压而转化,使得青藏高原北边界不断向外扩展。在此力源下,阿尔金断裂带震源破裂以走滑为主,也有少量的逆冲型地震。地震序列中主余型和孤立型地震占比相同(占44%)。(3)在印度板块和亚欧大陆碰撞效应影响下,天山地区产生近NNE向水平压应力,构造运动显现出带旋性特征的逆冲和走滑,震源破裂方式与之相吻合。而天山构造大跨度的空间展布、扩展形式的多样性和地震破裂的两重性,又影响到地震序列类型的多样性,使得主余型、孤立型和多震型地震在不同构造部位呈现优势分布。(4)阿尔泰的构造运动可能受到了来自印度板块与亚欧板块碰撞的远程效应和西伯利亚块体南向运动的双向影响,形成NNE和SW向水平挤压力,主要大型发震断裂做右旋剪扭错动,而一些深断裂则以逆冲运动为主。震源破裂呈现出走滑(占64%)和部分的逆冲(占27%),6级以上地震序列主要为主余型,5级左右地震则多为孤立型。 相似文献
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2014年新疆于田7.3级地震发震构造和震前地震活动过程讨论 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2014年2月12日在新疆于田发生7.3级地震,震中位于阿尔金断裂西段,这是继2008年3月21日于田7.3级地震后在塔里木盆地南侧发生的第2次7级地震。这次于田7.3级地震的余震主体沿NE向分布,余震区的西南段呈近SN向分布;绝大部分余震与前震在余震区西南密集分布,强余震(全部的5级以上地震和81%的4级地震)绝大多数都分布在这个区域,第1天的余震主要在这个区域呈近SN向分布,余震由西向东扩展。在这次于田地震的近SN方向上曾在1982、2011以及2012年先后发生过几次6级左右的地震,而这次地震填补了其中的空段。文中从区域构造环境、地震震源机制解和余震分布特征等方面,分析这次地震的发震过程,认为地震发生在硝尔库勒盆地南缘的分支断裂,受阿尔金断裂带构造应力影响,硝尔库勒盆地受到局部近EW向的拉张作用力,首先沿近SN向破裂,这个构造部位的解锁,促进阿尔金断裂左旋错动,产生NE向破裂,应力向东传递;文中还对有历史记录以来,阿尔金断裂上7级地震的发震构造及其对阿尔金断裂带的影响进行了讨论。 相似文献
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1996年3月19日新疆阿图什6.9级地震震源破裂特征的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对1996年3月19日新疆阿图什6．9级地震余震分布特征的研究，分析了这次地震震源破裂过程．并结合柯坪断裂带的构造运动、区域应力场的分布特征以及1972年以来该带的另外3次6级地震的余震分布方向，探讨了柯坪断裂带附近地区不同构造部位震源破裂扩展方向与强震活动的迁移方向．结果表明，本次地震震源破裂为明显的单侧破裂．柯坪断裂带的阿图什震区和柯坪震区，余震分布具有一定规律性，震源破裂基本都为单侧破裂；震源断错以逆断层为主．区内主要受NW向压应力。不同地段强震震源破裂扩展具有明显的区域特征，强余震分布方向是应力集中的体现，它标志着同一构造断裂带附近近期强震活动的迁移方向．在柯坪断裂带上这种规律更为明显。 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal characteristics of aftershocks and seismogenic structure of the 2011 MW9.0 Tohoku earthquake,Japan 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Tohoku megathrust earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011 and had an epicenter that was 70 km east of Tohoku, Japan, resulted in an estimated ten's of billions of dollars in damage and a death toll of more than 15 thousand lives, yet few studies have documented key spatio-temporal seismogenic characteristics. Specifically, the temporal decay of aftershock activity, the number of strong aftershocks (with magnitudes greater than or equal to 7.0), the magnitude of the greatest aftershock, and area of possible aftershocks. Forecasted results from this study are based on Gutenberg-Richter's relation, Bath's law, Omori's law, and Well's relation of rupture scale utilizing the magnitude and statistical parameters of earthquakes in USA and China (Landers, Northridge, Hector Mine, San Simeon and Wenchuan earthquakes). The number of strong aftershocks, the parameters of Gutenberg-Richter's relation, and the modified form of Omori's law are confirmed based on the aftershock sequence data from the MW9.0 Tohoku earthquake. Moreover, for a large earthquake, the seismogenic structure could be a fault, a fault system, or an intersection of several faults. The seismogenic structure of the earthquake suggests that the event occurred on a thrust fault near the Japan trench within the overriding plate that subsequently triggered three or more active faults producing large aftershocks. 相似文献
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闽粤海外地震集中分布于晚更新世以来活动最为强烈的近岸海域断裂靠近南澳和泉州的两个地段.1918和1906年南北两段分别发生过7.3和6.1级地震.笔者以这两次地震的仪器测定参数为准,通过宏观资料对比,参考地震背景,估定各早期地震的参数,编制了历史地震序列表.南、北两区地震活动基本同步,所记最大地震均在7.3级左右.大震以前,地震活动常有增强.主震后余震频繁,但强余震多发生在1至几年以后.15世纪晚期以来,出现过两次地震活动高潮:第一次在1600年前后,两区各发生43级以上地震8次,其中南区最强为6.7级,北区约7.5级;第二次在19世纪初,南区地震18次,最强达7.3级,北区仅6.1和5.5级地震各1次.1942年以来,整个地带极少中强震活动.究竟系减震作用影响,还是北区正在酝酿较强地震,值得深入研究. 相似文献
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Prantik Mandal R. Narsaiah B. Sairam C. Satyamurty I. P. Raju 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(8):1561-1581
We employed layered model joint hypocentral determination (JHD) with station corrections to improve location identification
for the 26 January, 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj early and late aftershock sequence. We relocated 999 early aftershocks using the data from a close combined network
(National Geophysical Research Institute, India and Center for Earthquake Research Institute, USA) of 8–18 digital seismographs
during 12–28 February, 2001. Additionally, 350 late aftershocks were also relocated using the data from 4–10 digital seismographs/accelerographs
during August 2002 to December 2004. These precisely relocated aftershocks (error in the epicentral location<30 meter, error
in the focal depth estimation < 50 meter) delineate an east-west trending blind thrust (North Wagad Fault, NWF) dipping (~
45°) southward, about 25 km north of Kachchh main land fault (KMF), as the causative fault for the 2001 Bhuj earthquake. The
aftershock zone is confined to a 60-km long and 40-km wide region lying between the KMF to the south and NWF to the north,
extending from 2 to 45 km depth. Estimated focal depths suggest that the aftershock zone became deeper with the passage of
time. The P- and S-wave station corrections determined from the JHD technique indicate that the larger values (both +ve and
-ve) characterize the central aftershock zone, which is surrounded by the zones of smaller values. The station corrections
vary from −0.9 to +1.1 sec for the P waves and from −0.7 to +1.4 sec for the S waves. The b-value and p-value of the whole
aftershock (2001–2004) sequences of Mw ≥ 3 are estimated to be 0.77 ± 0.02 and 0.99 ± 0.02, respectively. The p-value indicates a smaller value than the global
median of 1.1, suggesting a relatively slow decay of aftershocks, whereas, the relatively lower b-value (less than the average
b-value of 1.0 for stable continental region earthquakes of India) suggests a relatively higher probability for larger earthquakes
in Kachchh in comparison to other stable continental regions of the Indian Peninsula. Further, based on the b-value, mainshock
magnitude and maximum aftershock magnitude, the Bhuj aftershock sequence is categorized as the Mogi's type II sequence, indicating
the region to be of intermediate level of stresses and heterogeneous rocks. It is inferred that the decrease in p-value and
increase in aftershock zone, both spatially as well as depth over the passage of time, suggests that the decay of aftershocks
perhaps could be controlled by visco-elastic creep in the lower crust. 相似文献
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利用此次伽师地震序列震相数据,通过走时曲线得到震源区的初始一维速度模型。结合此速度模型,利用单纯形法测定了新疆伽师M S6.4地震参数。使用双差定位方法对伽师地震和M L≥1.8的297次余震事件进行了重新定位,得到结论:①伽师M S6.4地震参数为39.841°N、77.151°E、深度14.4 km。②伽师地震的破裂是非均匀、迁移的。主、余震整体分布呈“T”字型展布,主震位于“T”字底部,“T”字的横长竖短,多数余震向主震的正北方向延伸,余震整体呈近东西方向展布,东西方向长约40 km,南北方向长约20 km。前震、主震发生在震源区近南面的隐伏断层,可能是受塔里木盆地的阻碍,余震并没有向南发展,而是逐渐向北延伸至位于北面的隐伏断层,后又沿北面的断层向东发展。③通过序列整体分布呈“T”字型展布,初步判断伽师地震是一次共轭断层破裂事件。余震一边向主震正北方向发展,一边继续向东发展,表明发震断层是一条近EW向北倾断层,同时证明了塔里木盆地向北插入南天山。④地震震源深度主要集中在10~20 km,占73%,优势破裂深度在中地壳,中地壳积累和释放的能量居多。伽师地震位于塔里木盆地边缘,地表覆盖有7~8 km的低速沉积层。 相似文献
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依据1970年以来记录相对完整的294次50级以上地震序列资料，研究中国大陆中强地震余震序列统计特征，探讨序列类型、最大余震震级、强余震活动持续时间等与主震震级及主震断层性质之间的关系.中国大陆孤立型、主余型及多震型地震余震序列分别约占23%、59%及18%.其中走滑型、具有倾滑分量的走滑型、具有走滑分量的倾滑型及逆冲型分别占48%、24%、17%及11%. 余震序列1年内最大余震震级与主震震级正相关，但主震震级较低时相对离散，孤立型序列离散程度较高，主余型及多震型序列线性相关性较好.绝大多数序列最大余震均发生在震后200天内，少数具有晚期强余震的序列主要属主余型序列,孤立型及多震型序列通常没有晚期强余震发生.68%的序列1年内最大余震发生在震后10天内，77%发生在震后30天之内,95%发生在震后120天之内.序列最大余震发生时间及5、6级强余震活动持续时间与序列类型及主震震级大小有关，多震型序列最大余震发生最快，孤立型次之、主余型最长.若仅就主余型序列而言，当主震震级较高时最大余震与主震间时间间隔相对较短，主震震级较低时最大余震与主震间时间间隔相对较长. 相似文献
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2013年4月20日在四川省雅安市芦山县发生M7.0级地震.根据四川省台网资料和收集的国内外相关资料,我们分析了芦山地震的基本参数、余震分布、序列衰减等特征.结果表明:芦山地震位于龙门山断裂南段,其震源力学机制显示为纯逆冲性质,与龙门山断裂构造特征相符合;芦山地震的余震较丰富,震后15天震区已发生7800多次余震,其中,5级以上余震4次,最大余震是4月21日17时5分芦山、邛崃交界M5.4级地震;余震分布形成的图形显示其长轴走向与龙门山断裂构造走向一致,余震分布显示密集区长轴约40 km,短轴约20 km.与汶川M8.0级地震在震源力学机制、破裂过程、余震空间展布以及地表破裂等对比分析后表明:芦山地震与汶川地震的震源错动类型、破裂过程、地表破裂以及余震活动等特征存在明显差异;芦山地震与汶川地震震中位置相距90 km,两次地震的余震密集区相距50 km;汶川8.0级地震造成龙门山断裂中北段较充分破裂,芦山7.0级地震则展布于龙门山断裂南段且破裂尺度有限;两者有发震构造上的联系,但两次地震是相对独立的地震事件. 相似文献
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1990年4月17日乌恰6.4级地震序列有以下特征:(1)主震型序列;(2)强余震前小地震震中向强余震的震中附近迁移;(3)余震频度衰减快;(4)余震在主震和最大余震之间活动;(5)较大余震存在“密集-平静-发震”的规律;(6)存在晚期较强余震。 相似文献
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研究我国东部9次余震序列的总体特征得到:余震频度符合 n=n1t-h关系;频度和强度随时间衰减较慢;最大地震后3、4天内发生的余震所勾划的余震区常常比最终余震区小;多数余震分布在地壳中5至10公里的深度上.一些强余震前的中小余震时空分布有下述特征:（1）强余震前几天至十几天,余震序列的频度偏离正常衰减值;（2）强余震前有中小余震震中向下一次强余震的震中附近扩展或形成空区的现象;（3）强余震前震级序列出现缺震现象;（4）余震序列有准周期性.上述特性预示其后将发生强余震,同时表明强余震有类似于大地震的孕震过程.种种现象还表明余震序列在时间和空间上可能是由主震的直接余震和强余震的次级余震相互叠加所组成的.最后将某些特性和岩石试验结果进行了比较和讨论. 相似文献
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选取IRIS远震台站波形数据,反演了云南漾濞MS6.4地震震源破裂过程,计算了断层破裂在近场产生的动态库仑破裂应力变化,并讨论了主震对近场余震活动的动态应力触发作用。结果显示:动态库仑应力演化过程与震源破裂特征反演结果一致,其大小分布与地震序列分布的疏密程度也具有较好的相关性。主震产生的静态和动态库仑破裂应力均促进余震的发生,但相比静态应力,余震位于库仑破裂应力正值区域的比例提高了21%,余震与动态库仑应力变化的正负区域有更好的一致性,动态应力能更好地解释震后余震分布的空间特征。垂直于地震序列主干10 km处出现小震丛集,该现象可能是由主震产生的动态库仑破裂应力占主导作用所致。定量分析主震对余震的动态应力触发结果显示,主震后一周内MS4.0以上的8次余震接收点均受到了动态库仑破裂应力的触发作用。 相似文献