共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
实际地球介质的弹性波衰减,无论是对于地球内部结构反演、含油气储层描述,还是对于地震岩石物理本身的基础研究而言,都十分重要.通过岩石物理实验测量岩石的弹性波衰减是相关研究的基本手段,而谱比法是一种最常用的测量方法.利用谱比法测量的弹性波衰减,简称谱比法衰减,由介质的本征吸收特性和非均质散射特性共同决定.然而,在谱比法理论中,没有将这两种衰减特性的作用区分对待.因此,实验室测量的谱比法衰减中是否含有散射特性,其散射特性是否可以忽略,常不明确.本文基于对岩石物理实验中样品波形特征的基本认识,通过能流理论描述了弹性波的本征吸收和非均质散射过程,以及对应的尾波形成机理.文章还应用能流理论测量岩石的弹性波衰减,即能流法衰减.无论是通过理论推导,还是通过实验验证,谱比法衰减与能流法衰减都显示出良好的一致性.这两种直达波衰减的一致性暗示了谱比法衰减中存在着两种衰减特性.文中还对比分析了谱比法衰减与喷射流本征衰减的实验结果,该结果同样展示了谱比法衰减中可能存在着散射特性.因此,通过能流理论,可以利用样品波形的尾波特征定性判断谱比法衰减中可能存在的散射特性.即异常明显的尾波振幅可能意味着强烈的直达波非均质散射,谱比法衰减中的散射特性因而不可忽略. 相似文献
2.
本文对磁化等离子体非相干散射理论谱下的共振线进行了研究,简要介绍了等离子体线和回旋线的色散关系,并通过理论分析给出了二次回旋谐频处等离子体线分裂现象的色散关系.结合三亚非相干散射雷达（Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar,SYISR）实际参数,对回旋线以及低频振荡、高频共振进行了分析讨论.分析后认为：SYISR拥有观测夜间200 km以下和400 km以上回旋线的可能性;在白天仅存在观测到H+振荡谱线的可能性;若观测数据足够良好,将可以观测到二次以及三次回旋谐频处的等离子体线分裂现象. 相似文献
3.
根据Grad理论,以麦克斯韦分布函数为基,将离子分布函数展成20矩近似的形式,讨论了黏滞张量项与热流项对离子分布函数的影响.在电场比较弱的情况下,沿着E×B和E的方向上,热流矢量项和黏滞张量项是可以分别忽略掉的.离子温度的各向异性特征和分布函数的不对称性是由黏滞项和热流项引起的.利用Sheffield理论计算得到了非相干散射谱,并对13矩近似和20矩近似得到的非相干散射谱进行了对比.在电场比较弱的情况下,这两种近似基本一致,而当电场增强时,热流张量项的贡献变得很明显,温度各向异性的特征加剧.此时与13矩近似相比较,20矩近似能够更加准确地描述以温度各向异性为特性的非麦克斯韦分布等离子体. 相似文献
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能力谱方法是一种简化的结构抗震非线性分析方法,ATC-40等文件采用它来预测结构的力和位移需求.然而,ATC-40能力谱方法对一些非弹性系统的求解出现不收敛现象.现利用混沌动力学理论对ATC-40能力谱方法的收敛问题进行分析.ATC-40能力谱方法等效线性化迭代求解非弹性体系的位移,形成一个离散非线性映射或差分方程.对于这一离散动力系统,随着控制参数的变化,给出了动力系统迭代解的分岔图,展示了解的周期振荡、倍周期分岔、混沌等复杂动力学现象,阐明了能力谱方法迭代过程周期振荡解产生的原因.计算了动力系统的Lyapunov指数,从而判定系统解的运动状态和稳定性.最后指出了实现能力谱法等迭代算法收敛振荡控制的途径--混沌控制. 相似文献
6.
在文《非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动相干函数的数值模拟———Ⅰ分析原理和方法》中,通过将随机振动的虚拟激励原理与工程波动理论散射问题的求解方法相结合,提出了开放系统中非一致激励条件下工程场地地震动随机场的数值模拟方法。本文将建议方法应用于具有非一致随机激励的复杂工程场地的地震动相干函数分析之中,讨论了受局部场地条件影响的地震动相干函数的若干特征。 相似文献
7.
《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(3)
地震动空间相干函数计算主要两类方法,一是采用谱窗方法对功率谱和互功率谱进行平滑的非参数方法,另一类是采用K-T(Kainai-Tajimi)谱拟合功率谱和互功率谱的参数方法。本文选取了SMART-1台阵第5次和第45次地震的水平分量加速度记录,采用AR(Auto-Regressive)自回归模型的参数方法,计算了不同台站间距的相干系数,并选用Loh相干函数模型,对两种方法的相干系数进行拟合,分别得到了拟合参数和标准差。结果表明:(1)基于AR自回归模型方法得到的拟合标准差小于非参数法;(2)非参数法和参数法的相干系数有明显差别;(3)随着间距的增大,基于非参数法的相干系数随着频率增大而变小的程度放缓,而基于参数法的相干系数明显反映出相干系数符合随着频率增大而变小,同时也随距离的增大而减小的共识。 相似文献
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应用ATC-40能力谱法评估结构目标位移 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于性能的抗震设计思想已得到国际上的普遍认可,其发展的一种趋势是建立简单的非线性方法确定结构非线性行为。非线性静力方法作为计算结构非线性行为的一种方法在工程界已得到普遍应用,其中ATC-40使用的能力谱法及改进的能力谱法是简化的非线性静力分析的主要方法。本文通过实例详细介绍并对比研究了这两种方法,发现ATC-40能力谱法低估了结构变形,改进的能力谱法(用非弹性设计谱建立需求谱)提供了相对较为准确的值。 相似文献
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基于广义S变换的大地电磁测深数据处理 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
S变换是一种优于短时傅里叶变换和小波变换的时频分析方法.采用广义S变换进行大地电磁场时间序列频谱分析,一方面能够提高对电磁噪声成分的时间定位能力,便于实现电磁噪声的滤波处理;另一方面可以增加频谱系数的个数,从而改善大地电磁阻抗张量元素的统计特性.本文从广义S变换和大地电磁测深数据处理方法的原理出发,给出了采用叠加窗函数的离散广义S变换形式,讨论了广义S变换窗口宽度比例因子、窗口宽度与可提取频谱系数个数之间的关系,定义了利用离散广义S变换时频谱计算大地电磁场分量功率谱公式;在此基础上,研究了基于S变换时谱频的大地电磁测深数据ROBUST处理方法.最后,通过实测资料进行方法检验,结果表明本文方法比短时傅里叶变换处理效果更好,并且有利于识别和压制电磁噪声. 相似文献
12.
The perturbation method in elastic wave scattering 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Ru-Shan Wu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,131(4):605-637
Methods of theoretical study in seismic wave scattering are reviewed with the emphasis on the perturbation method. Detailed analysis for weak scattering using Born approximation is given. For elastic random media, the mean square amplitudes of scattered waves are derived using a new approach by working directly in the spectrum domain. The conditions for the scalar wave approximation are obtained. The problem of sensitivity of fore- and backscattering to heterogeneities with different scales and properties (velocity or impedance) is discussed. 相似文献
13.
医用计算机断层扫描成像系统中,X射线与物体相互作用产生的康普顿散射光子严重影响了图像质量,尤其在锥形束计算机断层扫描和多层探测器系统中。目前已有许多散射伪影校正方法,归纳为3类:硬件校正、软件校正、软硬件混合校正方法,但近年随着计算机计算能力的提高以及深度学习在医学图像处理领域的发展,出现了一些新的散射校正方法。本文首先介绍传统校正方法;然后详细介绍基于深度学习方法进行散射伪影校正,并将其分为基于图像域和基于投影域的深度学习方法,以及对不同的深度学习网络在散射伪影校正中的应用进行讨论;最后展望深度学习在多源计算机断层扫描技术中的应用前景。 相似文献
14.
A. P. SHATILO 《Geophysical Prospecting》1992,40(2):211-225
Six known methods of seismic phase unwrapping (or phase restoration) are compared. All the methods tested unwrap the phase satisfactorily if the initial function is a simple theoretical wavelet. None of the methods restore the phase of a synthetic trace exactly. An initial validity test of the phase-unwrapping method is that the sum of the restored wavelet phase spectrum and the restored pulse-trace phase spectrum (assuming the convolutional model for the seismic trace) must be equal to the restored phase spectrum of the synthetic trace. Results show that none of the tested methods satisfy this test. Quantitative estimation of the phase-unwrapping accuracy by correlation analysis of the phase deconvolution results separated these methods, according to their efficiency, into three groups. The first group consists of methods using a priori wavelet information. These methods make the wavelet phase estimation more effective than the minimum-phase approach, if the wavelet is non-minimum-phase. The second group consists of methods using the phase increment Δø(Δω) between two adjacent frequencies. These methods help to decrease the time shift of the initial synthetic trace relative to the model of the medium. At the same time they degrade the trace correlation with the medium model. The third group consists of methods using an integration of the phase derivative. These methods do not lead to any improvement of the initial seismic trace. The main problem in the phase unwrapping of a seismic trace is the random character of the pulse trace. For this reason methods based on an analysis of the value of Δø(Δω) only, or using an adaptive approach (i.e. as Δω decreases) are not effective. In addition, methods based on integration of the phase derivative are unreliable, due to errors in numerical integration and differentiation. 相似文献
15.
Studying the processes generating different-scale inhomogeneities is one of the challenging problems of ionospheric physics.
Plasma instabilities are one of the physical mechanisms by which small-scale inhomogeneities are formed. The main forms of
instability in the ionospheric E-layer are two-stream and gradient-drift ones. The inhomogeneities generated by them lead
to an abnormally intense radio scattering of different wavelengths (known as coherent echo (CE) or radio aurora) in the E-layer.
Therefore, the method of radiowave backscattering is among the widely used methods for studying such inhomogeneities. The
CE phenomenon has been investigated most intensely at high and equatorial latitudes, where the conditions for the CE origination
are formed rather regularly. For the last decade, CE has also been intensely studied at midlatitudes, where it is observed
less frequently and its formation conditions are less known. In 1998–2006, the purposeful studies of the midlatitude CE peculiarities
were performed at the Irkutsk incoherent scatter (IS) radar, with a particular emphasis on its coherent properties. It was
for the first time found out that the spectra of some data sets had a fine comb-shaped structure, which generated well-known
single-humped CE spectra as a result of statistical averaging. In the scope of this study, unique coherent methods for processing
individual data sets of CE signals were developed, making it possible to reveal the peculiarities of unaveraged CE-signal
spectra. To describe these peculiarities, we proposed a new model of the inhomogeneity spectrum, which is the superposition
of the discrete set of spatial harmonics with close wave numbers. The model was shown to adequately describe the scattered
signal characteristics observed experimentally. 相似文献
16.
富营养化湖泊典型水华蓝藻的固有光学特性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
固有光学特性是水体光学特性的重要内容,掌握富营养化湖泊水体内典型水华蓝藻的固有光学特性,是开展不同水华蓝藻遥感识别的理论基础.利用AC-S吸收衰减仪、BB9后向散射仪,通过实验室纯藻培养,研究微囊藻（Microcystis）、鱼腥藻（Dolichospermum）和束丝藻（Aphanizomenon）3种典型水华蓝藻的固有光学特性,并探讨色素浓度、色素占比以及藻类等效粒径对不同水华蓝藻固有光学特性的影响.结果表明,3种典型水华蓝藻的吸收光谱曲线均具有440、620和675 nm吸收峰,微囊藻620和675 nm的比吸收系数最大,鱼腥藻440 nm处的比吸收系数最大;束丝藻单位色素浓度的散射和后向散射能力最高,鱼腥藻次之,微囊藻最低;固有光学特性影响因子分析表明,色素浓度和藻蓝素占比是影响3种水华蓝藻固有光学特性的主要因素.3种蓝藻的吸收系数、散射系数以及鱼腥藻、束丝藻的后向散射系数均随着色素浓度（叶绿素a或藻蓝素）的增加而增大;当蓝藻中藻蓝素占比增加时,3种蓝藻的单位色素浓度的后向散射系数逐渐下降;而藻细胞粒径与固有光学特性之间并未表现出很好的相关性.因此,3种水华蓝藻单位色素浓度的固有光学特性将为典型水华蓝藻的遥感识别提供重要的理论基础和数据支持. 相似文献
17.
本文以河南泌阳凹陷为例,从散射波波动方程正演着手,分析大断面地震波散射场的物理机制和特点,结合叠前偏移处理需要进行观测系统论证。采集上主要运用模型约束正演技术优选采集参数,并采取了主要解决山前激发能量问题的技术措施;资料处理上主要应用了基于精细速度建模的叠前深度偏移成像处理方法;解释上通过可视化构造成图分析陡坡砂砾岩体的分布规律和发育期次,并运用沟扇对应理论,结合地震相分析、层拉平水平切片分析、属性分析等方法,预测砂砾岩体分布区带和层位。部署探井并取得了成功,相继在凹陷南部陡坡带发现了两个富集含油区块。 相似文献
18.
E. D. Tereshchenko B. Z. Khudukon M. O. Kozlova O. V. Evstafiev T. Nygrén M. T. Rietveld A. Brekke 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(8):918-926
Results are shown from an experimental campaign where satellite scintillation was observed at three sites at high latitudes and, simultaneously, the F region plasma flow was measured by the nearby EISCAT incoherent scatter radar. The anisotropy parameters of field-aligned irregularities are determined from amplitude scintillation using a method based on the variance of the relative logarithmic amplitude. The orientation of the anisotropy in a plane perpendicular to the geomagnetic field is compared with the direction of F region plasma flow. The results indicate that in most cases a good agreement between the two directions is obtained. 相似文献
19.
Parameters of field-aligned currents reconstructed by ground-based measurements of magnetic field in the Scandinavian countries (IMAGE) and ionospheric conductivity for specific events of the 6 and 8 December 2004 are represented here. Ionospheric conductivity was calculated from precipitating electron flux measured at DMSP-13 satellite and electron density EISCAT incoherent scattering radar direct measurements. There is a high correlation between field-aligned currents, calculated from DMSP-13 satellite data and field-aligned currents calculated from radar measurements for the December 6, 2004 in the presence of developed ionospheric current system. The comparison of field-aligned currents, reconstructed by the proposed method, with the currents calculated by the variation of magnetic field on the DMSP satellites, confirms correctness of the offered algorithm. 相似文献