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1.
新疆艾比湖流域地表水丰水期和枯水期水质分异特征及污染源解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用2015年艾比湖流域54个采样点的10个地表水水质指标数据,首先利用水质指数模型(WQI)和地统计学方法对流域水质污染情况进行全局评价,然后利用层次聚类法、判别分析法和因子分析法分析艾比湖流域地表水丰水期和枯水期水质分异特征.在水质时空分异特征研究的基础上,利用主成分回归分析法对艾比湖流域水质进行污染源解析.结果表明:艾比湖流域丰水期WQI值介于38~70之间,枯水期WQI值介于31~71之间,艾比湖流域丰水期的地表水水质污染情况比枯水期严重,而艾比湖、博尔塔拉河和精河靠近艾比湖湖区的河道污染程度均比其他河道严重.由聚类分析和判别分析得出艾比湖流域丰水期和枯水期的水质采样点在空间上均被分成A、B两组,A组包括艾比湖湖区西部、奎屯河、古尔图河和四棵树河,B组包括艾比湖湖区东部、精河和博尔塔拉河.艾比湖流域丰水期和枯水期的水体主要受到化学需氧量、溶解氧、氨氮和悬浮物浓度等指标的影响,B组水质污染指标的值相比于A组的值偏高,B组区域内存在高污染企业,艾比湖流域水环境治理工作需主要集中在B组所包括的艾比湖湖区、博尔塔拉河和精河.(4)艾比湖湖区、精河和博尔塔拉河地表水体的污染主要来自于有机物污染和营养物质污染,其次为工矿业污染;而奎屯河、古尔图河、四棵树河地表水体的污染主要来自于有机物污染,其次为营养物质污染,生物污染的影响较为微弱.该研究结果可为艾比湖流域地表水水环境改善和治理提供一定参考. 相似文献
2.
北方半干旱区土地利用/覆被变化对湖泊水质的影响:以岱海流域为例(2000—2018年) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土地利用/覆被变化对明晰气候变化和人类活动对湖泊水环境的影响有重要作用.以北方典型农牧交错的岱海流域为研究对象,基于遥感解译技术、马尔可夫转移矩阵、综合污染指数法等方法,对2000-2018年岱海流域土地利用/覆被和湖泊水质的变化进行分析,并结合冗余分析法和计量分析模型探究长时间序列尺度下土地利用/覆被变化对湖泊水质的影响.结果表明:近20年来,岱海流域的土地利用/覆被类型以耕地和草地为主,其变化特征主要是草地和林地转化为耕地,水域转化为季节性河流,岱海转化为内陆滩涂、沼泽草地和灌丛沼泽;岱海湖泊水质因子高锰酸盐指数、五日生化需氧量、总磷和总氮浓度存在不同程度的超标现象;岱海、湿地、林地对水质具有积极的改善作用,耕地、草地、建设用地是加剧水质污染的主要原因.该研究为岱海湖泊流域土地资源合理利用、湖泊水质改善和生态保护提供了一定的科学理论依据. 相似文献
3.
新疆艾比湖是典型的干旱区湖泊,具有特殊的湿地-干旱生态系统。晚更新世晚期开始,由于气候逐渐变干,艾比湖不断萎缩。20世纪50～80年代末,由于湖区人口的激增及其对水土资源的不合理开发利用加速了湖泊干缩的进程。本文对艾比湖干缩引起的生态响应进行了初步的分析,分析指出,艾比湖湖滨荒漠自然植被呈退化衰败趋势,生物多样性面临严重威胁;干涸湖底盐漠化,湖滨沙丘活化,沙漠扩展,浮尘天气成百倍增长;绿洲与荒漠之间缓冲空间日益缩小,盐碱化趋势增大。艾比湖的干缩是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果,但人为因素是第一位的,其中以河流上游大量截流引水和大规模开荒为主要原因。 相似文献
4.
过去几十年太湖流域经济社会快速发展,但由于经济增长方式尚未根本转变,流域水循环系统遭到无序干扰和破坏,太湖水污染问题严重,水质型缺水问题突出,流域水安全面临巨大挑战. “引江济太”作为太湖流域水安全保障的关键措施和流域水环境综合治理的重要举措,自2002年启动实施以来,以丰补枯,增加流域水资源供给;以动治静,抑制太湖蓝藻大规模暴发,改善流域区域水环境;科学应对,保障突发水污染事件和重大活动期间供水安全,取得了显著的综合效益,社会各界予以了广泛关注. 本文基于监测数据和大量文献,在综述“引江济太”实践背景、过程和成效的基础上,重点围绕“引江济太”调度模式、水量水质保障、洪旱风险管控、调水事件驱动等进行了研究. 结果表明,“引江济太”通过试验探索回答了流域治理管理的一些关键科学问题,已经成为提升流域水资源和水环境承载能力的重要手段. 面对极端气候变化、流域水循环格局变化、保障长三角一体化高质量发展水安全新需求和挑战,建议“引江济太”实践中,探索多目标统筹协调调度、开展数字孪生太湖调水、促进流域骨干水网建设,实现”引江济太”综合效益最大化. 相似文献
5.
The Heihe River Basin (HRB) is the second largest inland river basin in the arid region of northwestern China. An agricultural oasis is a typical landscape in arid regions providing precious fertile soil, living space and ecological services. The agricultural oasis change has been one of the key issues in sustainable development in recent decades. In this paper, we examined the changes in the agricultural oasis in HRB and analyzed the socio-economic and climatic driving forces behind them. It was found that the agricultural oasis in HRB expanded by 25.11% and 14.82% during the periods of 1986–2000 and 2000–2011, respectively. Most of the newly added agricultural oases in HRB were converted from grassland (40.94%) and unused land (40.22%). The expansion in the agricultural oasis mainly occurred in the middle reaches of HRB, particularly in the counties of Shandan, Minle, Jinta and Jiuquan city. Changes in the rural labor force, annual temperature and precipitation have significant positive effects on agricultural oasis changes, while the ratio of irrigated agricultural oases has significant negative effects on agricultural oasis changes. The agricultural oasis expansion in HRB is the combined effect of human activity and climate change. 相似文献
6.
太湖流域水问题及对策探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
系统回顾了太湖流域自古以来的治水历史和经验教训,详细介绍了新中国成立后太湖治理进展和取得成就,分析 了当前流域存在的主要水问题,指出流域仍存在防洪减灾能力偏低、水资源调控能力不足、水污染严重、水资源和水环境 承载能力偏低等问题．这些问题如不能得到及时解决,将成为今后流域经济社会可持续发展的严重制约因素．在此基础 上,提出了要加快构建流域防洪减灾体系、流域水资源调控体系、流域水生态环境保护体系、流域现代化管理和调度体系 等四大体系的对策,实现太湖流域水资源“引得进、蓄得住、排得出、可调控”的目标,以太湖流域水资源可持续利用支撑 和保障流域经济社会的可持续发展． 相似文献
7.
Natural ecosystems in the region of the lower Tarim River in northwestern China strongly deteriorated since the 1950s due to an expanding desertification. As a result, the downstream Tarim River reaches became permanently dry land. This historical evolution in land‐use change is typically the result of the anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems. On the basis of a spatially distributed hydrological catchment model bidirectionally linked with a fully hydrodynamic MIKE11 river model, land‐use changes characterized by historical changes in leaf area index (LAI) of vegetation, as well as the evolution of irrigated surface areas, can be causally related to changes in water resources (groundwater storage and surface water resources). An increased surface area of irrigated (agricultural) land, together with a majority of inefficient irrigation methods, did lead to a strong increase of water resources consumption of the farmlands located in the upper Tarim River area. Evidently, this evolution influenced available water resources downstream in the Tarim basin. As a result, farmland has been gradually relocated to the upstream regions. This has led to reduced flows from the upper Tarim stream, which subsequently accelerated the dropping of the groundwater level downstream in the basin. This study moreover demonstrates that land surface biomass changes (cumulative LAI) along the lower Tarim River are strongly related to the changes in groundwater storage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
太湖流域水质型缺水问题和对策 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
在对太湖流域水质状况进行分析的基础上,指出因水污染造成的水质型缺水问题在太湖流域十分严重,正常年份流域优质水资源缺水量在(20-35)×108m3之间. 如今后水质型缺水问题长期得不到解决,有可能影响流域经济社会可持续发展. 针对流域水质型缺水的特点,提出在加强流域水污染治理同时,太湖流域宜选择以长江、太湖和山区水库为主要水源地的长期供水格局,当前要抓紧建设“引江清水通道”,调引长江优质水资源入太湖. 同时鉴于太湖流域水环境承载能力有限的情况,建议流域沿江、沿海、沿杭州湾城镇的生活污水在二级处理的前提下,应实施流域尾水截流外排管道工程. 相似文献
9.
Simulating the impacts of climate variation and land-cover changes on basin hydrology: A case study of the Suomo basin 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
CHEN Junfeng LI Xiubin & ZHANG Ming . Institute of Remote Sensing & GIS Peking University Beijing China . Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(9):1501-1509
1 Motivation In the summer of 1998, areas along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River suffered a damag- ing flood. Causes of the flooding became a hot topic on mass media after the disaster. Deforestation on the upstream areas was widely blamed as the major reason for the flooding. Some scientists, however, disproved the point of view. They believed that the impact of land use and land cover changes (LUCC) was over- stated[1]. Actually, the controversy over forest hydrol- ogy h… 相似文献
10.
11.
Hu ShunJun Song YuDong Tian ChangYan Li YueTan Li XiuCang Chen XiaoBing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(1):56-64
Desert coexists with oasis in long time, and the existence and development of oasis system demand better oasis vegetation ecological system. Oasis scale of arid zone plain encircling water should be determined in case of desertification caused by land over-reclamation under the circumstance of water resources shortage. Steady oasis with virtuous circle must have appropriate land use structure for agriculture, forestry and graziery. The study on the suitable scale and developmental space of oasis will provide theoretical and applicable foundation for effective construction of oases. By analyzing the hydrothermal, water and soil balance, an optimal mathematical model has been established. Based on hydrometeorology data collected for years in Weigan River plain, and by the principle of water balance, a calculation has been made of the water resources for evapotranspiration and the optimal acreage of oasis and cultivated land, which shows that the water resources for evapotranspiration in the Weigan River plain oasis is 22.32×108 m3 and the optimal oasis acreage under the condition of conventional irrigation mode is 3716.06 km2, in which the suitable cultivated land acreage is 1564.79 km2. Under the condition of water-saving irrigation, the suitable oasis acreage is 5515.49 km2, in which the suitable cultivated land acreage is 2322.31 km2. The oasis area had reached 4123 km2, and the cultivated land acreage had reached 1507 km2 after the Agriculture Irrigation Drainage Water Project of World Bank Loan in Weigan River basin was finished in 1997. The oasis and cultivated land acreage will be more suitable, and the oasis scale can be enlarged moderately by means of water saving irrigation. 相似文献
12.
Based on hydrological and climatic data covering the period from 1961 to 2008, this paper studies the hydrological responses to climate change and to human activities in the Ebinur Lake Catchment. The results show that the annual runoff of three rivers in Ebinur Lake Catchment exhibited different change trends. Specifically, in Jinghe River and Kuytun River exhibited a slightly increasing trend, but an adverse trend in Bortala River, and the variation trend has been the most dramatic since the mid-1990s. The observed variation in the runoff was resulted from the elevated alpine precipitation, rather than rising temperature, and that precipitation is a major factor for runoff generation. The runoff CAR model proposed by this paper can be used to predict the annual runoff in three rivers, and demonstrated annual runoff in Bortala River and Jinghe River will display an increased trend, while a less decreasing trend in Kuytun River under the climate change scenarios of warm-humid variation. In addition, the exploitation of the area of cultivated land led to more water resources consumption, primarily for agriculture irrigation, is the cause of the persistently ecoenvironment degradation, which have reached in a critical state thus, a more pressing concern is the development a scientifically reasonable and administratively practical water resource management scheme. 相似文献
13.
为了解太湖流域上游支流水体的营养状态特征及流域附近土地利用对水质的影响,选取了入湖水系西苕溪的10条主要支流进行了野外采样和实验室研究.研究结果表明,支流总磷(TP)、颗粒磷(PP)、总溶解性磷(TDP)、总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)、硝态氮(NO-3-N)含量季节间差异较大,TP含量范围为0.033~0.205 mg/L,PP含量范围为0.007~0.104 mg/L,TN含量范围为2.014~5.921 mg/L,NH+4-N含量范围0.021~1.659 mg/L,NO-3-N含量范围1.082~3.415mg/L,COD范围为6.5~15.5 mg/L.总体上呈现为枯水期平水期丰水期.部分支流受到不同程度的氮污染.利用水质参数进行聚类分析,可以将10条支流分成4类,其水体营养特征与周围环境相联系.支流营养盐、COD的通量明显受流量控制,表现为丰水期平水期枯水期.土地利用类型的差异是导致其水质变化的主要原因,耕地和居民地主要起源的作用,林地和草地主要起汇的作用.在丰水期和枯水期,对各指标影响最大的土地利用类型为耕地和林地;在平水期,对TP影响最大的是居民地,而对TN影响最大的是林地. 相似文献
14.
The assessment of surface water resources (SWRs) in the semi‐arid Yongding River Basin is vital as the basin has been in a continuous state of serious water shortage over the last 20 years. In this study, the first version of the geomorphology‐based hydrological model (GBHM) has been applied to the basin over a long period of time (1956–2000) as part of an SWR assessment. This was done by simulating the natural hydrological processes in the basin. The model was first evaluated at 18 stream gauges during the period from 1990 to 1992 to evaluate both the daily streamflows and the annual SWRs using the land use data for 1990. The model was further validated in 2000 with the annual SWRs at seven major stream gauges. Second, the verified model was used in a 45‐year simulation to estimate the annual SWRs for the basin from 1956 to 2000 using the 1990 land use data. An empirical correlation between the annual precipitation and the annual SWRs was developed for the basin. Spatial distribution of the long‐term mean runoff coefficients for all 177 sub‐basins was also achieved. Third, an additional 10‐year (1991–2000) simulation was performed with the 2000 land use data to investigate the impact of land use changes from 1990 to 2000 on the long‐term annual SWRs. The results suggest that the 10‐year land use changes have led to a decrease of 8·3 × 107 m3 (7·9% of total) for the 10‐year mean annual SWRs in the simulation. To our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to assess the long‐term SWRs and the impact of land use change in the semi‐arid Yongding River Basin using a semi‐distributed hillslope hydrological model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Characterizing the changing behaviours of precipitation concentration in the Yangtze River Basin,China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Weiguang Wang Wanqiu Xing Tao Yang Quanxi Shao Shizhang Peng Zhongbo Yu Bin Yong 《水文研究》2013,27(24):3375-3393
The statistical characteristics of precipitation on the daily resolution play an important role not only in the risk assessment of floods and droughts but also in the land use management. In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of the precipitation concentration in the Yangtze River Basin are investigated by using three indices, i.e. precipitation concentration index (CI), precipitation concentration degree (PCD) and precipitation concentration period (PCP). Based on meteorological data of 147 stations for the period of 1960–2008, non‐parametric trend analysis and wavelet transformation analysis are employed to detect the temporal variation of these indices. Spatial variability of precipitation concentration indices and their trends are analysed and demonstrated with the help of GIS tools. The results indicate the following: (i) The high precipitation CI values mainly distribute in the middle region of the Yangtze River Basin, whereas the lower and lowest CI values are found in the lower and upper regions, respectively. A roughly east–west gradient for PCD value and PCP value varies from 0.26 to 0.77 and from 123 to 197, respectively. (ii) The analysis results of precipitation CI trends for different periods (i.e. recent 40, 30 and 20 years) show that the middle region of the Yangtze River Basin experienced a transition from decreasing precipitation CI to increasing precipitation CI during the last two decades, although the decreasing long‐term trends in the precipitation CI are not significant in most areas during the period of 1960–2008. (iii) The upper basin, middle basin and lower basin are, respectively, dominated by the significant decreasing, increasing and no significant trends in PCD. A dominance of insignificant PCP trends is observed in the entire basin during 1960–2008 despite that a few areas in the upper region are characterized by significant decreasing trends. (iv) Interdecadal oscillations can be found for three precipitation indices, but with no constant periodicity. Furthermore, good positive correlations have been detected between precipitation CI and PCD, whereas insignificant correlation coefficients of PCP with precipitation are common in the basin. The results can provide beneficial reference to water resource and eco‐environment and mitigation to flood or drought hazards in the Yangtze River Basin for policymakers and stakeholders. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Abstract Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, and plays a major role in flood mitigation, restoration and conservation of the ecological environment in the middle Yangtze River basin. Sediment load and streamflow variations in Poyang Lake basin are important for the scouring and deposition changes of this lake. However, these hydrological processes are heavily influenced by human activities, such as construction of water reservoirs, and land-use/land cover changes. By thorough analysis of long series of sediment and streamflow obtained from five major hydrological stations, we systematically investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of these hydrological processes and the hydrological responses to human activities using the Mann-Kendall trend test, the double cumulative mass curve and the linear regression method. The results show: (1) no significant change in streamflow followed by an increasing tendency after the 1990s that turns to be decreasing about 2000; and (2) a sharp increase of sediment load during the late 1960s and 1970s triggered by extensive deforestation (during the “Cultural Revolution” in China) followed by a tendency to decrease after the early 1980s. Construction of water reservoirs has greatly reduced the sediment load of the Poyang Lake basin, and this is particularly the case in the Ganjiang River, where the sediment load changes may be attributed to the trapping effects of the Wan'an Reservoir, the largest water reservoir within the Poyang Lake basin. There is no evidence to corroborate the influence of water reservoirs on the streamflow variations. It seems that the streamflow variations are subject mainly to precipitation changes, but this requires further analysis. The current study may be of scientific and practical benefit in the conservation and restoration of Poyang Lake, as a kind of wetland, and also in flood mitigation in the middle Yangtze River basin that is under the influence of human activities. Citation Zhang, Q., Sun, P., Jiang, T. & Chen, X.-H. (2011) Spatio-temporal patterns of hydrological processes and their hydrological responses to human activities in the Poyang Lake basin, China. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(2), 305–318. 相似文献
17.
In arid and semi-arid areas, evaporation fluxes are the largest component of the hydrological cycle, with runoff coefficient rarely exceeding 10%. These fluxes are a function of land use and land management and as such an essential component for integrated water resources management. Spatially distributed land use and land cover (LULC) maps distinguishing not only natural land cover but also management practices such as irrigation are therefore essential for comprehensive water management analysis in a river basin. Through remote sensing, LULC can be classified using its unique phenological variability observed over time. For this purpose, sixteen LULC types have been classified in the Upper Pangani River Basin (the headwaters of the Pangani River Basin in Tanzania) using MODIS vegetation satellite data. Ninety-four images based on 8 day temporal and 250 m spatial resolutions were analyzed for the hydrological years 2009 and 2010. Unsupervised and supervised clustering techniques were utilized to identify various LULC types with aid of ground information on crop calendar and the land features of the river basin. Ground truthing data were obtained during two rainfall seasons to assess the classification accuracy. The results showed an overall classification accuracy of 85%, with the producer’s accuracy of 83% and user’s accuracy of 86% for confidence level of 98% in the analysis. The overall Kappa coefficient of 0.85 also showed good agreement between the LULC and the ground data. The land suitability classification based on FAO-SYS framework for the various LULC types were also consistent with the derived classification results. The existing local database on total smallholder irrigation development and sugarcane cultivation (large scale irrigation) showed a 74% and 95% variation respectively to the LULC classification and showed fairly good geographical distribution. The LULC information provides an essential boundary condition for establishing the water use and management of green and blue water resources in the water stress Pangani River Basin. 相似文献
18.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(3)
Abstract Abstract The Shiyang River basin is a typical interior river basin that faces water shortage and environmental deterioration in the arid northwest of China. Due to its arid climate, limited water resources and some inappropriate water-related human activities, the area has developed serious loss of vegetation, and gradual soil salinization and desertification, which have greatly impeded the sustainable development of agriculture and life in this region. In this paper, the impacts of human activities on the water–soil environment in Shiyang River basin are analysed in terms of precipitation, runoff in branches of the river, inflow into lower reaches, water conveyance efficiency of the canal system and irrigation water use efficiency in the field, replenishment and exploitation of groundwater resources, soil salinization, vegetation cover and the speed of desertification. The results show that human activities and global climate change have no significant influence on the precipitation, but the total annual runoff in eight branch rivers showed a significant decrease over the years. The proportion of water use in the upper and middle reaches compared to the lower reach was increased from 1:0.57 in the 1960s, to 1:0.27 in the 1970s and 1:0.09 in the 1990s. A reduction of about 74% in the river inflow to the lower reaches and a 15-m drop in the groundwater table have occurred during the last four decades. Strategies for improving the water–soil environment of the basin, such as the protection of the water resources of the Qilian Mountains, sustainable use of water resources, maintenance of the balance between land and water resources, development of water-saving agriculture, diverting of water from other rivers and control of soil desertification, are proposed. The objective of this paper is to provide guidelines for reconstruction of the sustainable water management and development of agriculture in this region. 相似文献
19.
本文建立了一个大气,水耦合数值模型来研究琵琶湖的环流机制,模拟计算结果表明：１）在湖面上存在一个正的风涡度场以及白天的正散度场,晚上的负散度场,在温度分层的季节里,这一特殊的琵琶湖流流域大气边界层可以产生并维持北湖一稳定,强度较弱的气旋式环流。２）当考虑大气边界层的不均匀风场的影响时,湖中形成的环流比均匀风场驱动形成的环流比均匀风场驱动形成的环流更加稳定且维持时间更长．３）局地风场可以在湖中驱动形 相似文献
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Daniel Karthe Sergey Chalov Vsevolod Moreido Margarita Pashkina Anna Romanchenko Gunsmaa Batbayar Andrei Kalugin Katja Westphal Marcus Malsy Martina Flörke 《Water Resources》2017,44(3):399-416
The Selenga River is the main artery feeding Lake Baikal. It has a catchment of ~450000 km² in the boundary region between Northern Mongolia and Southern Siberia. Climate, land use and dynamic socioeconomic changes go along with rising water abstractions and contaminant loads originating from mining sites and urban wastewater. In the future, these pressures might have negative impacts on the ecosystems of Lake Baikal and the Selenga River Delta, which is an important wetland region in itself and forms the last geobiochemical barrier before the Selenga drains into Lake Baikal. The following study aims to assess current trends in hydrology and water quality in the Selenga-Baikal basin, identify their drivers and to set up models (WaterGAP3 framework and ECOMAG) for the prediction of future changes. Of particular relevance for hydrological and water quality changes in the recent past were climate and land use trends as well as contaminant influx from mining areas and urban settlements. In the near future, additional hydrological modifications due to the construction of dams and abstractions/water diversions from the Selenga’s Mongolian tributaries could lead to additional alterations. 相似文献