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1.
Since the early 1980s excessive discharges of organic waste into Tolo Harbour have created serious problems through nutrient enrichment. A number of eutrophication related problems have been reported which incurred financial losses of billions of dollars and serious ecological imbalance. This work addresses the development, verification and application of a water quality model to synthesize the available large database of water quality and to study water quality management issues of Tolo Harbour. Since detrimental water quality problems usually occur during summer when there is stratification and the water temperature is high, the tidally-averaged hydrodynamics and the relative contribution of gravitational circulation and tidal exchanges in Tolo Harbour have been studied. Gravitational circulation is found to be the dominant mixing process for most of the year, accounting for 70 percent of the mixing. A simple and tractable predictive two-layer mass transport and diagenetic dynamic eutrophication model has been developed. The model computes daily variation of key water quality variables in the water column: algal biomass, dissolved oxygen, organic-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, and carboneous oxygen demand. In addition, to study the response and impact of the seabed to the overall eutrophication process a sediment sub-model is developed. The diagenetic sediment sub-model computes explicitly the amount of nutrient recycled and the sediment oxygen demand exerted on the water column. The calibrated model has been validated against a 20 year water quality data base under a wide range of hydro-meteorological and environmental conditions. Both spatial and seasonal variation of observed water quality variables are reproduced. The verified model shows that a significant reduction of total nitrogen loading would be required to meet the water quality objectives, with a recovery time of three months for water column and more than two years for sediment. 相似文献
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3.
太湖北部梅梁湾水域水质因子聚类 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
计算了沿梁溪河河口到太湖湖心断面上１０个监测点１７个水质因子９３组数据的Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ相关系数和Ｋｅｎｄａｌｌ秩相关系数,进而运用最小距离法进行了因子聚类,正态分布检验和聚类结果表明,采用Ｋｅｎｄａｌｌ秩相关进行了聚类为宜,结果将诸因子聚为五大类：ＴＤＮ,ＴＮ,ＣＯＮ,ＮＯ２－Ｎ,ＮＨ４－Ｎ,ＯＨ和ＣＯＤＭｎ归为一类,ＴＤＰ,ＴＰ,ＰＯ＾３＋４和ｐＨ值归为一类;ＳＳ和ＳＤ归为一类,反映了该水域环境 相似文献
4.
基于水生态改善的太湖分区分时动态水质目标制定方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学、合理地制定水体主要污染物浓度控制目标,即水质目标是实施河、湖"水质目标管理"的基础和前提.本文基于环境条件决定生态系统结构以及自组织适应生态学原理,提出一种可促进水生态改善的太湖分区分时动态水质目标制定方法.该方法在出入湖河道流量情景及分区污染物浓度情景设计的基础上,进行不同情境下水生态系统要素时空演化的数值试验;然后以藻类生物量减小、沉水植物生物量增加为判据,构造水质目标优化模型;最后将湖泊水生态模型与水质目标优化模型耦合,判断各污染物浓度情景下水生态系统健康状况,进而确定不同时间尺度下太湖各分区总氮、总磷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数等主要污染物指标的动态控制目标.结果表明：本方法制定的太湖各湖区分时水质目标相比传统的"静态"目标更能促进太湖水生态系统健康发展,并为太湖水环境的精细化管理提供了可能. 相似文献
5.
Synoptic water sampling at a fixed site monitoring station provides only limited ‘snap‐shots’ of the complex water quality dynamics within a surface water system. However, water quality often changes rapidly in both spatial and temporal dimensions, especially in highly polluted urban rivers. In this study, we designed and applied a continuous longitudinal sampling technique to monitor the fine‐scale spatial changes of water quality conditions, assess water pollutant sources, and determine the assimilative capacity for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in an urban segment of the hypoxic Wen‐Rui Tang River in eastern China. The continuous longitudinal sampling was capable of collecting dissolved oxygen (DO) data every 5 s yielding a ~11 m sampling interval with a precision of ±0.1 mg L?1. The Streeter and Phelps BOD‐DO model was used to calculate: (1) the oxygen consumption coefficient (K1) required for calibration of water quality models, (2) BOD assimilative capacity, and (3) BOD source and load identification. In the 2014 m river segment sampled, the oxygen consumption coefficient (K1) was 0.428 d?1 (20°C), the total BOD discharge was 916 kg d?1, and the BOD assimilative capacity was 382 kg d?1 when the minimum DO level was set to 2 mg L?1. In addition, the longitudinal analysis identified eight major drainage outlets (BOD point sources), which were verified by field observations. This new approach provides a simple, cost‐effective method of evaluating BOD‐DO dynamics over large spatial areas with rapidly changing water quality conditions, such as urban environments. It represents a major breakthrough in the development and application of water quality sampling techniques to obtain spatially distributed DO and BOD in real time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Spatial distribution of phytoplankton cells in small elongated lakes subject to weak diurnal wind forcing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Javier Vidal Anna Rigosi Andrea Hoyer Carmelo Escot Francisco J. Rueda 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(1):83-99
The horizontal distribution of phytoplankton in a medium-size canyon type reservoir, forced by weak winds of 3–4 ms?1, is largely driven by the interaction of the large-scale circulation and processes regulating the vertical distribution of algal cells in the water column. These drivers, in turn, are subject to diurnal variations, making our understanding of the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton a challenging task. A three-dimensional physical-–ecological model is used to understand the spatial distribution of algae and the role of diurnal variations in the physical–biological drivers. The model was used to demonstrate that the large-scale circulation induced during the day is more efficient generating patchiness than the circulation existing at night, when convectively driven turbulence homogenizes the upper layers. Different spatial distributions develop for different populations and under different forcing scenarios, characterized in terms of the directionality of wind forcing, wind magnitude and the lags between winds and diel heat fluxes. The time scales needed so that algal biomass in the surface exhibit significant longitudinal gradients—T P —will vary depending on the algal group, and its ability to regulate its vertical position. These scales are shorter for those species that either migrate actively in the water column or exhibit positive buoyancy (Cryptophytes or Positive buoyant algae). In El Gergal, these scales T P are on the order of a few days. Synoptic changes in the meteorological forcing, like the passing of a front, could potentially change the longitudinal distribution of algal biomass if they persist for periods of time longer than T P . 相似文献
7.
太湖水质时空特性及其与蓝藻水华的关系 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
以太湖2005-2007年的连续监测资料为基础,运用聚类分析和自相关分析方法,针对总无机磷,总无机氮、水温等环境理化因素与叶绿素a进行时空序列分析,初步归纳了当前太湖水质指标变化的空间特点、时问周期性及其与蓝藻水华暴发的关系.结果表明,太湖水质的空间分布大致分为三个人湖河口、四个湖湾、湖心区、西部湖区、东部湖区等十个区... 相似文献
8.
Johan Strömqvist Berit Arheimer Joel Dahné Chantal Donnelly Göran Lindström 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2):229-247
Abstract A dynamic water quality model, HYPE, was applied to a large, data-sparse region to study whether reliable information on water quantity and water quality could be obtained for both gauged and ungauged waterbodies. The model (called S-HYPE) was set up for all of Sweden (～450 000 km2), divided into sub-basins with an average area of 28 km2. Readily available national databases were used for physiographic data, emissions and agricultural practices, fixed values for representative years were used. Daily precipitation and temperature were used as the dynamic forcing of the model. Model evaluation was based on data from several hundred monitoring sites, of which approximately 90% had not been used in calibration on a daily scale. Results were evaluated using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), correlation and relative errors: 92% of the spatial variation was explained for specific water discharge, and 88% and 59% for total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations, respectively. Day-to-day variations were modelled with satisfactory results for water discharge and the seasonal variation of nitrogen concentrations was also generally well captured. In 20 large, unregulated rivers the median NSE for water discharge was 0.84, and the corresponding number for 76 partly-regulated river basins was 0.52. In small basins, the NSE was typically above 0.6. These major achievements relative to previous similar experiments were ascribed to the step-wise calibration process using representative gauged basins and the use of a modelling concept, whereby coefficients are linked to physiographic variables rather than to specific sites. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Citation Strömqvist, J., Arheimer, B., Dahné, J., Donnelly, C. and Lindström, G., 2012. Water and nutrient predictions in ungauged basins: set-up and evaluation of a model at the national scale. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (2), 229–247. 相似文献
9.
M. Plus A. Chapelle P. Lazure I. Auby G. Levavasseur M. Verlaque T. Belsher J. -M. Deslous-Paoli J. -M. Zaldívar C. N. Murray 《Continental Shelf Research》2003,23(17-19):1877
A three-dimensional model coupling physical and biological processes for the whole Thau lagoon (Mediterranean coast of France) was developed in order to assess the relationships between macrophytes and the oxygen and nitrogen cycles. Ten species have been inserted as forcing variables in the model. Plankton dynamics, shellfish cultivation impact and mineralization of organic matter are also considered, as well as nutrient and oxygen exchanges between the sediment and the water column.Simulations with and without the macrophytes have shown that the system can be characterized as having a highly structured pattern involving lagoon nitrogen and oxygen cycles. This pattern is created by the combined influence of macrophytes, watershed and oyster farming.The model has been also used to assess the total annual macrophyte production at the whole lagoon scale. Comparisons with phytoplankton production and with results from other temperate lagoons have underlined the high productivity of the Thau lagoon supported by active nutrient regeneration. 相似文献
10.
Simulation of eutrophication and associated occurrence of hypoxic and anoxic condition in a coastal bay in Japan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A probabilistic method of calculating the occurrence of oxygen-depleted water within a combined hydrothermal and water quality model was presented in this paper to investigate the environmental impact of eutrophication on the living resources. The method was applied to an eutrophicated shallow coastal bay in western Japan, where the occurrence of red tides at the water surface and the onset of bottom hypoxic waters are observed every summer. Both meteorology and freshwater inflow contribute to the development of stratification of the bay, thus limiting the dissolved oxygen supply to bottom waters. The resulting hydrodynamics enhances the development of oxygen-depleted bottom waters by transporting organic matter produced by algal blooms to the inner bay, where it decomposes and exerts high SOD. During August, about 60% of the inner bay is hypoxic for prolonged durations and as a result most of the benthic biota and fish die. The method used here is a very useful and informative way to evaluate the spatial and temporal damage and severity caused by hypoxia on living resources. Moreover, the model results agreed very well with the observed hydrodynamics, thermal structure and water quality data of the stratified bay. The model can be used for other lakes and bays where knowledge of temperature and density stratification is important for assessing water quality. 相似文献
11.
梯级筑坝对黑河水质时空分布特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究梯级大坝建设对河流水质变化规律的影响,将黑河上中游划分为坝上河段、坝下河段及自然河段,于2017年12月-2018年8月选取了24个主要控制断面进行水质调查,并采用多元统计的方法对比分析了不同时空尺度上的水质分布特征.结果表明:黑河上中游水质时空变化的主要影响因子为水温(WT)、pH值、溶解氧(DO)、电导率(EC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和五日生化需氧量(BOD_5).空间尺度上,WT、EC、BOD_5、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、TN等指标具有显著性差异,其中坝上河段受BOD_5、CODMn影响较大,自然河段WT、EC和TN为关键指标,而各个因子对坝下河段水质影响较小.时间尺度上,WT、EC、BOD_5、氨氮与季节变化存在明显相关性,是不同河段水质时间变化的控制因子,且大多数水质因子在非汛期变化最明显.降水、温度、水文条件等季节性影响因素和梯级水库联合运用模式是该区域水质时间差异的主要原因;空间差异主要受祁连、张掖地区外源性污染物排放以及筑坝环境下水动力条件改变而产生的沉积滞留效应和沿程累积效应影响.研究表明,外源性污染源依然是导致水质变差的主要因素,梯级筑坝则是导致水质变差的间接因素.因此控制该区域人类活动所造成的外源性污染源,并针对不同种类污染物的季节变化特征实施合理的水库运行方式是改善水电梯级开发河段水质状况的关键. 相似文献
12.
Jianhua Wang Yuyan Zhou Weihua Xiao Yaohuan Huang Yanjie Bi Liting Wang Zefan Yang 《Water Resources》2016,43(4):690-698
The spatial and temporal variations of algae within a large drinking water reservoir with mesotrophy (Panjiakou Reservoir, Northern China) were investigated in relation to variations in environmental factors over a 6-month period (May to October) in 2013 and 2014. The analysis based on in-situ samples upstream to downstream (Puhekou, Jiajia’an, Yanziyu Panjiakou and Baqian) showed that three harmful algae species of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta prevail in the reservoir. The variations in algal concentrations presented a seasonal cycle with high values in the flood season and low values in the drought season and a spatial concentration in main water storage area of the reservoir. Compared with the environmental factors of pH value, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, water temperature, dissolved oxygen content and total phosphorus were significant related to algae concentrations with correlation coefficients of 0.76, 0.62 and 0.85, respectively. The impact analysis of three factors on prevailing algae species indicated that Chlorophyta was the main contributor to the algal photosynthesis of the Panjiakou Reservoir. An extremely high value of algal concentrations with little variety in August 2013 revealed that pollution carried by tremendous runoff may induce algae blooms later. 相似文献
13.
Environmental management of marine fish culture in Hong Kong 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Marine fish farming is an important commercial practice in Hong Kong. Marine fish farms located in eutrophic coastal waters often face the threat of severe dissolved oxygen depletion associated with algal blooms and red tides. On the other hand, mariculture activities also contribute to pollution. The sustainable management of mariculture requires proper siting of the fish farms and stocking density control. Both of these are related to the carrying capacity of the water body concerned, which is mainly governed by its flushing characteristics. A simple method to determine the carrying capacity of a fish farm has been developed by using three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic modelling and its effective coupling with a diagenetic water quality model. A systematic methodology using numerical tracer experiments has been developed to compute the tidal flushing in a fish farm. The flushing time is determined from the results of a numerical tracer experiment using robust 3D hydrodynamic and mass transport models. A unit tracer concentration is initially prescribed inside the region of interest and zero elsewhere; the subsequent mass transport and the mass removal process are then tracked. The fish farms are usually situated in well-sheltered shallow embayments and may not connect directly to the open water. It is found that it is necessary to define both "local" and "system-wide" flushing times to represent the effectiveness of the mass exchange with the surrounding water body and the open sea respectively. A diagenetic water quality model simulating the sediment-water-pollutant interaction is employed to address the response of the water column and the benthic layer to pollution discharges. With the flushing rate reliably computed, the carrying capacity of the fish farm can be determined in terms of key water quality parameters: chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, organic nitrogen and potential lowest dissolved oxygen level on a day of negligible photosynthetic production. The predictions are well-supported by field data. 相似文献
14.
The Harsit Stream flowing into the Black Sea is an important watershed in the northeastern part of Turkey. The monthly averages of dissolved oxygen, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, temperature, pH, total suspended solids, total phosphorus and total nitrogen were obtained for the water samples taken from the Tekke, Akcakale and Haciemin sites of the Harsit Stream. Water quality parameters were analyzed and evaluated according to the WHO standards and the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation. Initially, the variations in the dissolved oxygen profile were determined from dissolved oxygen, temperature and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand measurements by using the point source Streeter‐Phelps equation. Critical dissolved oxygen deficit values were calculated for the monthly average from January–December 2005, which are below the limit value (4 mg L–1) excluding April (7.26 mg L–1) and May (5.98 mg L–1) in the Harsit Stream, resulting in it having second class water quality in terms of dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, pH and biochemical oxygen demand. It is also seen that the minimum dissolved oxygen limit value (8 mg L–1), which is a desired quantity for drinking water, is under the limit value for all months in the case of the water mixture. In particular, during the summer months, the consumption speed of oxygen is greater than the production speed of oxygen with increasing temperature and decreasing discharge, and negative values (anoxia) of dissolved oxygen sag are seen. These situations call for significant precautions and treatment criteria. 相似文献
15.
Antonietta Quigg Linda Broach Winston Denton Roger Miranda 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(6):896-904
The Dickinson Bayou watershed (near Houston, Texas, Gulf of Mexico) provides habitat for numerous coastally influenced communities of wildlife, including scores of birds and fish. Encroaching development and impervious surfaces are altering the habitat and degrading water quality. Herein we have defined the current health of the bayou using water quality data collected between 2000 and 2006. Elevated bacteria (fecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and depressed dissolved oxygen concentrations (often <3 mg l−1) are the two major impairments to this ecosystem. While nutrient ratios indicate primary productivity may be nitrogen limited, concerns of eutrophication persist because the bayou has a low intrinsic flushing rate. Consistent with this is the magnitude of algal blooms (ca. 100 μg chl l−1) which often occur in spring/summer. The findings of this study will assist with the understanding of the influence of urban development on small watersheds. 相似文献
16.
Vidal Javier Marcé Rafael Serra Teresa Colomer Jordi Rueda Francisco Casamitjana Xavier 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(2):315-327
The local response of the phytoplankton community to river inflow processes was investigated with modeling and field analyses
in a long and narrow, stratified reservoir in mid-summer. The river water had high concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen
(ammonium and nitrate) and temperature had large variations at diurnal scales. As a consequence of the large variation in
river temperature, the level of neutral buoyancy (the depth where the river water spreads laterally in the reservoir) oscillated
between the surface (overflows) during the day, and the depth of the metalimnion (interflows) during the night. The reservoir
remained strongly stratified, which favoured the presence of cyanobacteria. It is shown that under these conditions, nutrient-rich
river water injected during overflows into the surface layers promoted the occurrence of localized algal blooms in the zones
where the overflow mixed with the quiescent water of the reservoir. A series of hydrodynamic simulations of the reservoir
were conducted both with synthetic and realistic forcing to assess the importance of river temperatures and wind-driven hydrodynamics
for algal blooms. The simulations confirmed that the river inflow was the main forcing mechanism generating the localized
bloom. 相似文献
17.
热分层对水库水质的季节性影响——以西安黑河水库为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
深水水库作为城市的重要供水水源,通常由于热量在垂向水体上的不均匀分配形成热分层.热分层会阻碍垂向上水体交换引发水质分层现象,在冬季水库发生“翻库”之后,水体混合导致水库的整体水质下降.结合热分层指数可以客观、直接地表达水库热分层的稳定程度.综合水库的气温、水体更新率和水质参数(溶解氧、pH、总磷、氨氮)的年度变化,对陕西黑河水库2008-2010年的热分层状况进行研究.研究表明:水库的热分层形成会直接恶化底部水质尤其会加速底部水体中溶解氧的消耗;热分层的年度变化主要受气温控制,但在特定时期较大的水体更新率可以在一定程度上弱化水体热分层,减缓底部水质恶化.该结果可使水库管理者在水库分层最稳定、水质恶化最严重时期以人工调节水体更新率的方式弱化热分层,为保证水质安全提供参考. 相似文献
18.
The availability and partition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in inorganic and organic compartments, as well as their stoichiometric ratio, are influenced by both physical and biological forcing factors. On this basis, the temporal and spatial dynamics in N:P atomic ratios in different compartments may provide information on the functioning of marine ecosystems. Here we explore the relative importance of water temperature, river inputs, wind mixing, stratification, ingression of nutrient-depleted Eastern Adriatic Current and phytoplankton biomass on concentrations and ratios between nitrogen and phosphorus in a semi-enclosed bay (the Gulf of Trieste), using data from monitoring programs carried out during 8 years. Water samples are first classified in 6 water types based on N:P ratios in different components, and then relationships between water type space-time distribution and a set of forcing factors is sought. Results show that the gulf is characterised by relatively stable N:P ratios in all compartments (about 23-26), always exceeding the classical Redfield ratio. In the surface layer, however, nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics are decoupled because of river input and plankton productivity, and a significant spatial and temporal variability is observed in terms of stoichiometric balance, nutrient concentrations and partition among the different pools. Deviations from stable N:P ratios follow a seasonal evolution. In spring, continental inputs alter inorganic nutrient compartments (N:P up to 115); later on, during the seasonal succession of biological processes (e.g. late spring phytoplankton blooms, summer increase in microbial activities and autumn phytoplankton blooms), a change is also seen in the organic dissolved and particulate pools. Multivariate statistical analysis suggests that, among the considered forcing factors, the most relevant in modulating the N:P stoichiometry in the Gulf of Trieste are river inputs and ingression of the Eastern Adriatic Current (acting in opposite directions) along with phytoplankton dynamics. During the whole period, besides variations in N:P stoichiometry, in the Gulf of Trieste dissolved organic matter represents the largest pool of N and P, which can provide a source of nutrients for the planktonic community alternative to inorganic nutrient. 相似文献
19.
The temporal‐spatial resolution of input data‐induced uncertainty in a watershed‐based water quality model, Hydrologic Simulation Program‐FORTRAN (HSPF), is investigated in this study. The temporal resolution‐induced uncertainty is described using the coefficient of variation (CV). The CV is found to decrease with decreasing temporal resolution and follow a log‐normal relation with time interval for temperature data while it exhibits a power‐law relation for rainfall data. The temporal‐scale uncertainties in the temperature and rainfall data follow a general extreme value distribution and a Weibull distribution, respectively. The Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC) is employed to represent the spatial resolution induced uncertainty. The spatial resolution uncertainty in the dissolved oxygen and nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations simulated using HSPF is observed to follow a general extreme value distribution and a log‐normal distribution, respectively. The probability density functions (PDF) provide new insights into the effect of temporal‐scale and spatial resolution of input data on uncertainties involved in watershed modelling and total maximum daily load calculations. This study exhibits non‐symmetric distributions of uncertainty in water quality modelling, which simplify weather and water quality monitoring and reducing the cost involved in flow and water quality monitoring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
A River Water Quality Model for Chlorophyll and Dissolved Oxygen that Accommodates Zebra Mussel Metabolism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The development, testing and application of a dynamic two-dimensional (longitudinal-vertical) mass balance model for dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll (Chl) for rivers is documented that for the first time accommodates both the oxygen demand and filtering effects of zebra mussels. The test system is a phytoplankton-rich section ( 15 km long) of the Seneca River, NY, that is believed to represent an upper bound of the impact of this exotic invader. Changes in common measures of water quality of the river brought about by the zebra mussel invasion are reviewed and related longitudinal patterns in DO, Chl, and Secchi disc transparency are documented. Model testing is supported by comprehensive measurements of DO, Chl, and various forcing conditions over a three-month period, and independent determinations of several model coefficients. Wide variations in the areal consumption rate of DO (ZOD; g·m–2·d–1) and filtering rate (m3·m–2·d–1) of zebra mussels, as determined through model calibration, occurred over the study period. Values of ZOD in areas with dense zebra mussel populations at times (e.g., > 50 g·m–2·d–1) were an order of magnitude greater than the sediment oxygen demand associated with organically enriched deposits. The value of determinations of these fluxes from model calibration procedures is evaluated within the context of the limitations of protocols presently available to support independent specification of these rates. Model analyses are conducted to evaluate the relative magnitude of source and sink processes for DO and Chl, the potential operation and implications of feedback from low DO levels on oxygen consumption by zebra mussels, and the sensitivity of model simulations to selected sources of uncertainty and variability. Model projections of oxygen resources of the river are presented in a probabilistic format in evaluating reductions in zebra mussel biomass that would be necessary to eliminate violations of standards and regain assimilative capacity. 相似文献