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通过构建汶川Ms8.0级地震震源断层模型和龙泉山断裂模型,计算龙泉山断裂在汶川地震后的库仑应力变化,结果显示:汶川地震使龙泉山断裂北部(A区)库仑应力增大0.46～0.58 bars,中部(B区)库仑应力增加0.12～0.17 bars,南部(C区)基本上无库仑应力变化.汶川地震后至2010年1月龙泉山断裂沿线的Ms≥... 相似文献
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2008年5月12日14时28分,汶川发生了8.0级强烈地震.此次地震不仅在震中区附近造成灾难性的破坏,在四川省和邻近省市也大范围造成破坏.该地震发生对中国大陆及邻区地震趋势具有一定的影响,汶川8.0级地震后,相隔不到1个月,2008年6月10日内蒙古阿荣旗发生5.2级地震.本文针对汶川8.0级地震、阿荣旗5.2级地震后东北地区中强震(浅源地震)危险性进行了综合研究,并分析了东北地区深浅源地震的发震机理,得出如下结论. 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震前地震趋势分析意见的回顾 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
该文在系统整理自2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震到汶川8.0级地震前年度地震趋势预测中提出的地震活动异常和分析意见的基础上, 研究汶川地震未能做出中长期预测的原因。 结果表明: 2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震发生后, 判定中国大陆处于强震连发阶段, 仍有发生8级大震危险, 但此后的2002—2007年中国大陆周边接连发生大震, 而内部连续6年的7级地震平静, 以及中国大陆5、 6级地震相继出现的显著平静, 是导致2006年以后对中国大陆地震活动水平预测明显偏低的原因。 南北地震带中段一直是作为近几年可能发生强震的危险地区, 但2007年云南宁洱6.4级地震后, 对西南地区强震危险的紧迫性估计不足。 而汶川地震所在的龙门山地震带历史上没有7级以上地震记录, 也是该地震带未作为近几年地震重点危险区的原因之一。 相似文献
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利用四川地震台网2000年1月～2008年4月的地震数据,使用地震层析成像方法反演了龙门山及其邻近地区的地壳P波速度结构,以此为依据分析了龙门山断裂带和汶川Ms8.0地震的深部构造特征.研究结果表明,龙门山的地壳速度结构和深部动力学性质与汶川Ms8.0地震的破裂起始点、震源深度以及破裂传播方向密切相关.龙门山西侧的彭灌杂岩体是地壳内部应变强度较大、易于应力长期积累的主要载体,汶川Ms8.0地震即位于彭灌杂岩体的南端,毗邻四川盆地的西部边缘,该块体与四川盆地地壳的碰撞是引发汶川Ms8.0地震的直接原因.在汶川以北,沿着龙门山断裂的高速异常有利于破裂的发生和传递,而汶川以南地壳强度相对较弱,不易产生脆性破裂而引发地震,这可能是地震破裂自汶川向东北方向延伸、汶川以南缺少地震活动的重要原因.汶川Ms8.0地震的深部动力成因与龙门山断裂两侧的构造差异有关,松潘-甘孜造山带中下地壳强度较弱,青藏高原的向东运动受到四川盆地刚性岩石层阻碍,迫使龙门山发生垂向变形,中下地壳厚度增加,莫霍面弯曲下沉,基底则褶皱抬升向山前盆地逆冲,地壳形变所产生的应力积累为汶川地震的发生提供了深部动力来源. 相似文献
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正2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震后,中国地震局组织专家经过系统的总结,认为300 km范围内震前只看到3%的前兆出现异常,震后再挖掘也只有6%的异常是客观事实,这可能是汶川地震没有预报,也没有办法预报的原因。但汶川地震后有部分学者提出了较多的前兆观测异常,说明300 km外前兆观测曾经看到异常现象。通过对汶川地震前的前兆观测异常清理,发现汶川8.0级地震前,在震源区外围出现了一 相似文献
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本文首先阐明汶川Ms8.0级地震发生在由区域布格重力异常和地震震中分布所确定的武都-松潘-茂汶-汶川-泸定地震带上.汶川地震所在地段是地震前兆和中小地震(M≤7.0)的空白区,震前出现明显的孕震空区,Ms8.0级地震发生在空区周围区域中小地震活动峰值之后的减少段里.地震的破裂超出孕震空区范围,空区内、外余震活动呈现出不同的衰减特征,依此将余震活动分为WS和NE两个区段.地震破裂过程、4级以上余震矩张量及震区应力场反演和余震应力降的测定结果表明,两个区域的位错、余震机制解和应力降及最大主应力的方向等明显有别.根据这些特征和地震应力触发的研究,推测NE段地震的发生可能是由WS段主破裂的发生所触发. 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献