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1.
为评估隔震和非隔震支座对桥梁地震易损性的影响,以一座3跨连续混凝土箱梁桥为分析对象,首先建立采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座与非隔震型盆式橡胶支座下桥梁的数值模型,求得不同程度地震作用下墩顶与支座的最大位移响应;再定义转角延性比损伤指标,结合支座剪应变,分析桥墩和支座的地震易损性情况;最后通过宽界限法建立全桥地震易损性曲线。研究结果表明,支座是较容易发生损坏的构件,而桥梁系统比桥墩或支座更易发生破坏,同时铅芯橡胶支座的破坏概率明显低于非隔震型盆式支座,可见采用隔震支座能有效减小桥墩墩顶在地震作用下的最大位移,此时桥墩地震易损性优于采用非隔震支座的情况。 相似文献
2.
Damage investigation of small to medium-span highway bridges in Wenchuan earthquake revealed that typical damage of these bridges included: sliding between laminated-rubber bearings and bridge girders, concrete shear keys failure, excessive girder displacements and even span collapse. However, the bearing sliding could actually act as a seismic isolation for piers, and hence, damage to piers for these bridges was minor during the earthquake. Based on this concept, an innovative solation system for highway bridges with laminated-rubber bearings is developed. The system is comprised of typical laminated-rubber bearings and steel dampers. Bearing sliding is allowed during an earthquake to limit the seismic forces transmitting to piers, and steel dampers are applied to restrict the bearing displacements through hysteretic energy dissipation. As a major part of this research, a quarter-scale, two-span bridge model was constructed and tested on the shake tables to evaluate the performance of this isolation system. The bridge model was subjected to a Northridge and an artificial ground motion in transverse direction. Moreover, numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the seismic performance of the bridge model. Besides the test bridge model, a benchmark model with the superstructure fixed to the substructure in transverse direction was also included in the numerical analyses. Both the experimental and the numerical results showed high effectiveness of this proposed isolation system in the bridge model. The system was found to effectively control the pier-girder relative displacements, and simultaneously, protect the piers from severe damage. Numerical analyses also validated that the existing finite element methods are adequate to estimate the seismic response of bridges with this isolation system. 相似文献
3.
为了研究温度对铅芯橡胶支座（LRB）隔震桥梁抗震性能的影响,以一座七跨连续梁桥为对象,考虑LRB在夏季和冬季不同温度下的力学特性,利用OpenSees对桥梁抗震性能进行研究。通过对不同温度下墩柱、支座及桥梁系统的地震易损性分析,获得了温度对铅芯橡胶支座隔震桥梁抗震性能的影响。结果表明:（1）与夏季相比,冬季低温降低了桥墩的延性及LRB的剪切变形和耗能能力,使地震作用时墩顶位移和支座变形均小于夏季,降低了LRB的减震效果;（2）冬季低温增大了地震作用时桥墩、LRB及桥梁系统在各个破坏状态的损伤概率,在中等及严重破坏状态时损伤概率相比夏季分别增加了8%和15%。在寒冷地区进行LRB隔震桥梁设计时,应考虑低温导致的LRB隔震效果降低对桥梁抗震性能的影响。 相似文献
4.
针对斜交桥在破坏性地震中发生破坏和损伤的突出问题,采用铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)进行隔震和滞回耗能。基于OpenSees平台建立了不同斜度的传统非隔震和全桥采用LRB隔震的4跨斜交连续梁桥动力分析模型,沿2个水平方向输入远场地震动和具有向前方向性效应、滑冲效应以及无速度脉冲效应的近断层地震动,并进行非线性时程计算,研究桥墩和挡块的损伤状态、主梁旋转度、碰撞力与斜交桥斜度的关系以及LRB对斜交桥抗震性能的影响。结果表明:向前方向性效应和滑冲效应的脉冲型地震动作用下的斜交桥地震反应和损伤明显大于无速度脉冲近断层和远场地震动作用; 采用LRB隔震后,明显降低了固定墩的地震损伤,桥墩位移减震率可达到50%以上; LRB隔震桥主梁与挡块的间隙宜结合桥梁的地震风险和设计位移进行确定。 相似文献
5.
为了研究铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)和板式橡胶支座(RB)对连续梁桥地震响应及隔震效果的影响,分别采用Bouc - Wen滞回恢复力模型模拟LRB的力-位移非线性特性,采用直线型恢复力模型模拟RB的本构关系,通过结构离散建立了非隔震、LRB隔震和RB隔震3种连续梁桥的有限元计算模型,运用四阶显式Runge - Kutta迭代法和Newmark时间积分法联合求解增量形式的全桥动力微分方程,并结合算例对3种连续梁桥有限元计算模型分别输入汶川地震波进行非线性时程对比分析.结果表明:LRB在控制梁体与支座位移,降低结构加速度和墩、台底内力响应方面均比RB的效果要显著;采用RB隔震后,梁体与支座的位移响应均较大,在桥梁隔震设计时要予以充分重视. 相似文献
6.
Fragility curves express the probability of structural damage due to earthquakes as a function of ground motion indices, e.g., PGA, PGV. Based on the actual damage data of highway bridges from the 1995 Hyogoken‐Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake, a set of empirical fragility curves was constructed. However, the type of structure, structural performance (static and dynamic) and variation of input ground motion were not considered to construct the empirical fragility curves. In this study, an analytical approach was adopted to construct fragility curves for highway bridge piers of specific bridges. A typical bridge structure was considered and its piers were designed according to the seismic design codes in Japan. Using the strong motion records from Japan and the United States, non‐linear dynamic response analyses were performed, and the damage indices for the bridge piers were obtained. Using the damage indices and ground motion indices, fragility curves for the bridge piers were constructed assuming a lognormal distribution. The analytical fragility curves were compared with the empirical ones. The proposed approach may be used in constructing the fragility curves for highway bridge structures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
通过对分别采用板式支座和铅芯支座的2座3跨连续梁桥模型进行振动台试验,对比分析了这2类桥梁的动力特性、破坏过程及2种支座对连续梁桥地震反应的影响。研究结果表明：地震波特性对桥梁结构的地震反应有较大影响,在对桥梁结构进行抗震设计时,需选择合理的地震动输入;在地震强度较小时,板式支座的滑动能够起到一定的隔震效果,铅芯支座的隔震性能能得到较好的发挥;在地震强度较大时,铅芯支座的隔震性能不能得到很好的发挥,采用铅芯支座的桥梁地震反应不一定小于普通桥梁;通过合理的设计,2类桥梁都完全可以实现大震不倒的设防目标。 相似文献
8.
以美国西部地区某斜交公路连续刚构桥为研究对象，研究其不等高墩易损性差异以及斜交角的改变对桥墩地震易损性的影响。考虑桥梁结构参数和地震动的不确定性，选取100条地震动，沿纵桥向输入，生成"结构-地震动"样本库，以地震动峰值加速度（PGA）为强度指标（IM），利用OpenSees软件对结构进行非线性时程分析得到桥墩动力响应，而后以桥墩曲率延性比衡量桥梁破坏状态，在确定桥墩损伤指标的基础上，采用可靠度理论得到各桥墩的地震易损性曲线，判断桥墩的损伤模式、损伤特点。在此基础上，改变桥梁斜交角度进行易损性分析，得到斜交角变化对桥墩地震易损性的影响。研究表明：该桥最矮墩发生损伤的概率大于其他桥墩，桥墩最先进入塑性的是墩顶和墩底区域；不同斜交角对桥墩的地震响应影响显著，各墩损伤破坏排序与斜交桥结构构造特点有关，同一排架墩的两侧墩柱易损性呈现与角度变化趋势相反的排列，损伤越严重，趋势越明显；对于此不等高的斜交刚构桥，最矮墩为其抗震薄弱环节，斜交角越大，越应该关注钝角处矮墩的损伤情况，并提高其设计标准，在进行斜交刚构桥抗震设计中应予以重视。 相似文献
9.
The seismic fragility of a system is the probability that the system enters a damage state under seismic ground motions with specified characteristics. Plots of the seismic fragilities with respect to scalar ground motion intensity measures are called fragility curves. Recent studies show that fragility curves may not be satisfactory measures for structural seismic performance, since scalar intensity measures cannot comprehensively characterize site seismicity. The limitations of traditional seismic intensity measures, e.g., peak ground acceleration or pseudo-spectral acceleration, are shown and discussed in detail. A bivariate vector with coordinates moment magnitude m and source-to-site distance r is proposed as an alternative seismic intensity measure. Implicitly, fragility surfaces in the (m, r)-space could be used as graphical representations of seismic fragility. Unlike fragility curves, which are functions of scalar intensity measures, fragility surfaces are characterized by two earthquake-hazard parameters, (m, r). The calculation of fragility surfaces may be computationally expensive for complex systems. Thus, as solutions to this issue, a bi-variate log-normal parametric model and an efficient calculation method, based on stochastic-reduced-order models, for fragility surfaces are proposed. 相似文献
10.
桥梁作为交通生命线系统中的重要工程,屡次在中等强度地震的作用下,遭受严重破坏甚至整体损毁,因此桥梁结构地震易损性研究在世界各国得到重视和发展。部分斜拉桥作为一种新桥型,由于兼有经济性和美学特性,近十年来在国内外发展迅速,但这种新桥型尚未经受地震的考验,在可能的地震灾害下,部分斜拉桥的地震破坏损伤概率还不明确,有必要开展有关的易损性研究。本文在桥梁地震易损性研究的基础上,分析在横桥向地面运动作用下独塔部分斜拉桥的易损性,定义五级损伤极限状态,建立桥墩、桥塔、限位器和全桥的易损性曲线,研究结果表明在横桥向地面运动作用下,独塔部分斜拉桥全桥易损性主要受到限位器和中墩的控制。 相似文献
11.
Ioannis F. Moschonas Andreas J. Kappos Panagiotis Panetsos Vissarion Papadopoulos Triantafyllos Makarios Pavlos Thanopoulos 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(2):439-468
This study focusses on the estimation of seismic fragility curves for all common bridge types found in modern greek motorways.
At first a classification scheme is developed in order to classify the existing bridges into a sufficient number of classes.
A total of 11 representative bridge classes resulted, based on the type of piers, deck, and pier-to-deck connection. Then
an analytical methodology for deriving fragility curves is proposed and applied to the representative bridge models. This
procedure is based on pushover analysis of the entire bridge and definition of damage states in terms of parameters of the
bridge pushover curves. The procedure differentiates the way of defining damage according to the seismic energy dissipation
mechanism in each bridge, i.e. bridges with yielding piers of the column type and bridges with bearings (with or without seismic
links) and non-yielding piers of the wall type. The activation of the abutment-backfill system due to closure of the gap between
the deck and the abutments is also taken into account. The derived fragility curves are subjected to a first calibration against
empirical curves based on damage data from the US and Japan. 相似文献
12.
The scope of this study is to investigate the effect of the direction of seismic excitation on the fragility of an already constructed, 99‐m‐long, three‐span highway overpass. First, the investigation is performed at a component level, quantifying the sensitivity of local damage modes of individual bridge components (namely, piers, bearings, abutments, and footings) to the direction of earthquake excitation. The global vulnerability at the system level is then assessed for a given angle of incidence of the earthquake ground motion to provide a single‐angle, multi‐damage probabilistic estimate of the bridge overall performance. A multi‐angle, multi‐damage, vulnerability assessment methodology is then followed, assuming uniform distribution for the angle of incidence of seismic waves with respect to the bridge axis. The above three levels of investigation highlight that the directivity of ground motion excitation may have a significant impact on the fragility of the individual bridge components, which shall not be a priori neglected. Most importantly, depending on the assumptions made for the component to the system level transition, this local sensitivity is often suppressed. It may be therefore necessary, based on the ultimate purpose of the vulnerability or the life cycle analysis, to obtain a comprehensive insight on the multiple damage potential of all individual structural and foundation components under multi‐angle excitation, to quantify the statistical correlation among the distinct damage modes and to identify the components that are both most critical and sensitive to the direction of ground motion and carefully define their limit states which control the predicted bridge fragility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
为研究适用于大跨铁路钢桁连续梁桥的减隔震方案及合理优化参数,以一座全长504 m的三跨铁路钢桁连续梁特大桥为工程背景,使用非线性结构分析软件SAP2000建立有限元模型,采用快速非线性分析方法分析对比摩擦摆、阻尼器、速度锁定器等减隔震方案在各种装置参数下的减震效率。研究表明:由于大跨铁路钢桁连续梁桥墩身自振导致的地震力较大,摩擦摆方案内力减震效率一般,同时墩底内力对滑动面半径变化并不敏感,在选取滑动半径时应更多地考虑行车平顺性和梁端位移值的限制。速度锁定器会极大地增加此类桥梁地震输入能量,不适用于此类桥型。阻尼器方案对活动墩内力减震效果明显,但不能有效降低固定墩内力。摩擦摆支座附加阻尼器组合减震方案能有效控制此类桥梁的内力和位移响应。研究结论可为大跨度钢桁连续梁桥减隔震设计提供参考。 相似文献
14.
高墩大跨连续刚构桥梁地震易损性分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
基于增量动力分析方法,通过非线性地震反应分析,得到整体结构的破坏特征和易损位置,分析适用于高墩大跨连续刚构桥的损伤指标.对高墩大跨连续刚构桥进行整体结构的地震易损性分析时,采用应变作为墩柱损伤指标,位移作为支座损伤指标,绘制了基于整体性能的全桥易损性曲线. 相似文献
15.
Fragility curves constitute an emerging tool for the seismic risk assessment of all constructions at risk. They describe the probability of a structure being damaged beyond a specific damage state for various levels of ground shaking. They are usually represented as two-parameter (median and log-standard deviation) cumulative lognormal distributions. In this paper a numerical approach is proposed for the construction of fragility curves for geotechnical constructions. The methodology is applied to cantilever bridge abutments on surface foundation often used in road and railway networks. The response of the abutment to increasing levels of seismic intensity is evaluated using a 2D nonlinear FE model, with an elasto-plastic criterion to simulate the soil behavior. A calibration procedure is followed in order to account for the dependency of both the stiffness and the damping on the soil strain level. The effect of soil conditions and ground motion characteristics on the global soil and structural response is taken into account considering different typical soil profiles and seismic input motions. The objective is to assess the vulnerability of the road network as regards the performance of the bridge abutments; therefore, the level of damage, is described in terms of the range of settlement that is observed on the backfill. The effect of backfill material to the overall response of the abutment wall is also examined. The fragility curves are estimated based on the evolution of damage with increasing earthquake intensity. The proposed approach allows the evaluation of new fragility curves considering the distinctive features of the structure geometry, the input motion and the soil properties as well as the associated uncertainties. The proposed fragility curves are verified based on observed damage during the 2007 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki earthquake. 相似文献
16.
从板式橡胶支座及混凝土挡块抗震设计角度,以一座典型的3跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥为例,结合概率地震需求分析及桥墩、支座等抗震关键构件极限破坏状态,建立不同支座及挡块分析模型的中小跨径梁桥地震易损性曲线,研究考虑支座滑移效应及挡块破坏的中小跨径梁桥的易损性特征。研究结果表明:不考虑橡胶支座的滑移效应及混凝土挡块破坏,桥墩地震破坏概率明显增大,且会低估支座破坏概率;桥梁系统易损性受支座破坏状态的影响显著,需设置合理的限位装置;在中小跨径梁桥地震易损性分析中,考虑支座的滑移效应及混凝土挡块的破坏十分必要。 相似文献
17.
18.
S. W. Park H. Ghasemi J. Shen P. G. Somerville W. P. Yen M. Yashinsky 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(13):1249-1270
The seismic performance of the Bolu Viaduct in the Duzce, Turkey, earthquake of November 1999 was studied via a non‐linear, time‐history analysis of a multi‐degree of freedom model. The viaduct had a seismic isolation system consisting of yielding‐steel energy dissipation units and sliding pot bearings. The Duzce earthquake caused a surface rupture across the viaduct, which resulted in excessive superstructure movement and widespread failure of the seismic isolation system. The effect of the rupture was modeled by a static, differential ground displacement in the fault‐parallel direction across the rupture. The ground motions used in the analysis contain common near‐fault features including a directivity pulse in the fault‐normal direction and a fling step in the fault‐parallel direction. The analysis used a finite element package capable of modeling the mechanical behavior of the seismic isolation system and focused on the structural response of a 10‐span module of the viaduct. This analysis showed that the displacement of the superstructure relative to the piers exceeded the capacity of the bearings at an early stage of the earthquake, causing damage to the bearings as well as to the energy dissipation units. The analysis also indicated that shear keys, both longitudinal and transverse, played a critical role in preventing collapse of the deck spans. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
A performance-based adaptive methodology for the seismic evaluation of multi-span simply supported deck bridges 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Donatello Cardone Giuseppe Perrone Salvatore Sofia 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(5):1463-1498
A performance-based adaptive methodology for the seismic assessment of highway bridges is proposed. The proposed methodology
is based on an Inverse (I), Adaptive (A) application of the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM), with the capacity curve of the
bridge derived through a Displacement-based Adaptive Pushover (DAP) analysis. For this reason, the acronym IACSM is used to
identify the proposed methodology. A number of Performance Levels (PLs), for which the seismic vulnerability and seismic risk
of the bridge shall be evaluated, are identified. Each PL is associated to a number of Damage States (DSs) of the critical
members of the bridge (piers, abutments, joints and bearing devices). The IACSM provides the earthquake intensity level (PGA)
corresponding to the attainment of the selected DSs, using over-damped elastic response spectra as demand curves. The seismic
vulnerability of the bridge is described by means of fragility curves, derived based on the PGA values associated to each
DS. The seismic risk of the bridge is evaluated as convolution integral of the product between the fragility curves and the
seismic hazard curve of the bridge site. In this paper, the key aspects and basic assumptions of the proposed methodology
are presented first. The IACSM is then applied to nine existing simply supported deck bridges, characterized by different
types of piers and bearing devices. Finally, the IACSM predictions are compared with the results of nonlinear response time-history
analysis, carried out using a set of seven ground motions scaled to the expected PGA values. 相似文献
20.
为进一步评估隔震曲线梁桥在地震激励下的抗震性能,从地震易损性角度出发并兼顾考虑地震激励方向对其易损性的影响。利用APDL建立采用板式橡胶支座的隔震曲线梁桥有限元模型,从PEER中选取同一地震事件中的近断层地震动,按规范规定比例输入水平双向地震动进行非线性动力时程分析,结合地震响应与损伤指标计算得到各构件地震易损性曲线;考虑地震激励方向的变化,通过MATLAB编程绘制得到桥梁结构构件(桥墩与支座)以及整体系统的地震易损性曲面,分析探讨地震激励方向对隔震曲线梁桥易损性的影响。结果表明：不同极限状态下各桥墩切向损伤条件概率明显大于其径向,各支座的切向与径向易损性相差不大,但仍是各支座的切向易损性略大于径向易损性;桥梁各构件(桥墩与支座)切向易损性对地震激励方向均表现出很强依赖性,而径向易损性对其的依赖性相对较弱,且伴随损伤等级的提高,构件易损性对地震激励方向更加敏感;桥梁整体系统易损性对地震激励方向的变化不太敏感,且因各构件响应之间的相关性较高,其系统易损性更接近于易损性最大的构件——易损性下限;当进行隔震曲线梁桥抗震性能评估时,应考虑不同地震激励方向对其地震易损性的影响,从而使得易损性分析... 相似文献