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目的讨论肺部小结节的良恶性病变的影像表现及鉴别诊断. 材料与方法搜集经手术证实的肺部小结节病变共17例(直径〈3.0cm〉,男性11例,女性6例,年龄38-83岁,平均63.2岁.采用PQ5000螺旋CT机进行螺旋扫描,7例进行增强扫描,其中5例进行三维重建结果 17例病变中恶性病例12例,良性病例5例,恶性病变中腺癌8例,鳞癌2例,转移癌2例,良性病变中结核3例,炎性结节2例CT征象包括分叶征14例,胸膜凹陷征7例,血管集束征8例,毛刺征14例,密度不均匀者13例.结论 CT扫描对于鉴别肺部良恶性小结节病灶有重要价值. 相似文献
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目的：探讨CT动态增强扫描及灌注成像在肺部结节影像诊断中的价值。材料与方法：对34例肺部结节（恶性结节17例,良性结节11例,活动性炎症结节6例）进行单排螺旋CT动态增强扫描。对45例肺部结节（恶性结节24例,良性结节13例,活动性炎症结节8例）进行双排螺旋CT灌注扫描及动态增强扫描。对增强扫描病例绘出三类型结节的动态增强时间-密度曲线;对灌注扫描病例用随机灌注软件进行分析处理,得出病灶感兴趣区血流量、血容积、平均通过时间及血管表面通透性,比较三类型结节各灌注参数之间的差异。结果：良性结节动态增强时间密度曲线低平,CT值增加约10Hu;活动性炎性结节之时间密度曲线为速升速降型,CT增强值增加约62Hu;而恶性结节为速升慢降型,CT值增加约46Hu。恶性结节和活动性炎性结节的血容积及血管表面通透性值高于良性结节,良性结节的血容积值一般小于6.5mL·100g^-1,血管表面通透性值小于30mL·min^-1·100g^-1）。结论：CT灌注成像可以提供肺内结节的血流灌注的定量信息,CT动态增强扫描及灌注成像有助于肺内结节的鉴别诊断。 相似文献
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目的:比较肺CT靶重建（局部小扫描视野（FOV）薄层CT成像）和常规肺CT图像的质量以及对正常活体肺结构的显示情况。方法:对74例受检者分别行常规肺CT扫描（5mm）及靶重建（FOV 20cm，层厚1.25mm）。两名放射科医师分别判定常规肺CT成像、正常肺野小FOV薄层CT成像的图像质量:肺小叶结构、肺动静脉-支气管分支的显示（1～4级）及判断信心强度；3级和4级图像以小FOV薄层CT成像（1.25mm）显示数较多者作为标准，进一步判断常规肺CT扫描（5mm）成像的敏感性，两名观察者间的一致性做Kappa检验。结果:1级和2级图像质量在常规肺CT扫描和肺小FOV薄层CT成像间无统计学意义；3级和4级图像质量，肺小FOV薄层靶重建CT成像明显优于常规肺CT扫描，在两名观察者间均有统计学差异（P<0.05）；参照肺小FOV靶重建成像，常规肺CT扫描（5mm）成像，3级图像敏感性分别为97.1%、98.6%；4级图像敏感性分别为80.8%和85.3%。诊断信心水平明显提高（P<0.05）。在肺小FOV靶重建CT成像、常规肺CT成像上的图像质量的判断，两名观察者间具有较好的一致性（k=0.717，0.746）。结论:肺小FOV薄层CT成像较常规CT图像，能增加正常肺微细结构的显示能力和增加观察者判断信心。 相似文献
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本文通过对２０例小于１ｃｍ的肺内微小结节病灶的分析，比较了螺旋ＣＴ扫描，常规ＣＴ扫描，及胸部平片在临床应用的价值，认为螺旋ＣＴ扫描高分辨薄层重建可以提高肺内微小结节的检出率，并有利于研究结节的内部，边缘和结节的周围情况，从而对早期肺癌的定性诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值。 相似文献
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目的：探讨自适应统计迭代重建（ASIR）技术在髋关节64排CT低管电流检查中的应用。方法：106例髋关节64排螺旋CT扫描患者,随机选取53例患者采用常规管电流220 m As扫描,并采用滤过反投影（FBP）方式重建。另外53例患者采用低管电流50 m As扫描,并采用30%ASIR技术。对两组髋关节图像的辐射剂量和图像质量进行评价,并比较不同重建图像在同一层面的图像噪声值和信噪比。结果：常规管电流组与低管电流组的CT剂量指数（CTDIvol）分别为（15.55±0.20）m Gy、（3.56±0.15）m Gy,低管电流组平均CTDIvol较常规管电流组降低77.1%;常规管电流组与低管电流组的剂量长度乘积（DLP）分别为（297.82±2.9）m Gy·cm、（67.59±3.3）m Gy·cm,低管电流组平均DLP较常规管电流组降低77.3%,低管电流组与常规管电流组相比,辐射剂量大大降低（P〈0.05）。常规管电流组图像质量评分为优、良、差的患者分别为49、4和0例;低管电流组图像质量评分为优、良、差的患者分别为42、11及0例。两组图像的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。图像噪声值分别为31.44、44.29,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。图像信噪比分别为11.03、10.06,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：ASIR技术应用于64排螺旋CT髋关节低管电流扫描,大幅降低辐射剂量的同时,图像质量也能满足临床诊断的需要。 相似文献
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目的:分析比较计算机辅助技术与人工判读低剂量CT进行早期肺癌筛查的效果，为临床早期肺癌筛查手段的选择提供理论依据。方法:对2015年12月至2017年12月来我院进行体检的256例早期肺癌高危患者行低剂量螺旋CT扫描，分别采用计算机辅助技术与人工判读对肺结节检出情况进行统计分析。结果:低剂量CT人工判读检出肺结节的人数为42例，检出率为16.4%；计算机辅助技术（人工纠错）检出肺结节的人数为43例，检出率为16.8%，差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.014，P=0.905）。人工判读与计算机辅助技术高危可疑患者检出一致性高（k=0.986）。计算机辅助技术所用时间低于人工判读，节约约70%时间（（59.95±12.93） vs.（194.98±70.61） s，t=30.474，P=0.000）。结论:本研究发现通过计算机辅助（人工纠错）进行低剂量CT筛查高危人群早期肺癌的效率明显优于人工判读，具有简单、高效、灵敏的特点。 相似文献
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目的：探讨不同扫描参数及重建算法对在体胸部各组织CT值的影响。方法：在不同CT扫描条件下测量人体胸部的气管、血管、肺、椎体与肌肉的CT值。分别设定6组不同扫描参数及重建算法：S1层厚5 mm、50%多模型自适应迭代重建技术（ASIR-V）、低剂量；S2层厚5 mm、滤波反投影（FBP）、常规剂量；S3层厚1.25 mm、50%ASIR-V、低剂量；S4层厚1.25 mm、50%ASIR-V、常规剂量；S5层厚1.25 mm、FBP、低剂量；S6层厚1.25 mm、FBP、常规剂量。扫描的辐射剂量采用两种噪声指数（NI）来进行控制，包括低剂量（NI=40）和常规剂量（NI=10）。采用t检验或秩和检验分析比较不同的两个组之间CT值的差异。结果：扫描剂量仅对气管CT值的影响具有统计学意义，对其他组织CT值无影响；扫描层厚与重建算法对胸部各个组织CT值的影响均未见统计学差异。结论：人体胸部组织CT值受CT层厚、重建算法和CT剂量的影响小，具有良好的稳定性。 相似文献
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螺旋CT三维重建技术及临床应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
杨新国 《CT理论与应用研究》1999,8(2):32-35
目的：是探讨螺旋ＣＴ三维重建技术的临床应用价值。材料与方法：为１０５例三维重建检查人分为三组：血和性病变,骨骼病变和肺内结节,扫描技术和造影剂参数按受检部位范围和病变性质具体设计。三维重建采用最大强度投影或／和表面成像显示。结果;得到全部病例都能清晰显示病变在三维立体空间的实际大小,形态,位置及周围组织结构的立体解剖关系。 相似文献
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目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在踝关节外伤中的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析21例踝关节扭伤后行X线平片（DR）及MSCT检查的患者影像资料。结果：确诊骨折20例,MSCT扫描检查共检出骨折46处,包括内踝13例,外踝17例,胫骨下端前结节4例,后踝12例,均可清晰显示骨折线走行及骨折块大小、移位情况。DR共检出骨折37处。结论：MSCT可准确对踝关节外伤所致骨折做出诊断,尤其可清晰显示胫骨下端前结节及后踝骨折情况。 相似文献
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目的：分析老年人气管支气管结核的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析46例老年人支气管结核患者CT及临床资料,其中15例经病理学证实,5例经细菌学证实,26例经临床抗结核治疗有效证实。结果：①46例共检出98支病变,两肺上叶为结核好发部位（40/98,40.8%）,多支受累为其特点（32/46,69.6%）。②CT特征表现为支气... 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献