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发育在北天山山麓的活动断裂褶皱带属于向前扩展的薄皮构造，且所有的背斜都是断裂扩展褶皱，主滑脱面距地表8～9km深。距今292万年以来，地壳缩短13．5～14．6km，缩短率是4.62～5．0mm／a。自30000年前至今，准噶尔南缘断裂和齐古道断裂褶皱带的活动十分微弱，而独山子和玛纳斯道断裂-褶皱带则是活动褶皱-断裂带。北天山地区普遍发育三级阶地,受活动逆断裂和褶皱的影响，均产生褶曲变形和错断。距今12000～13000年以来，吐谷鲁逆断裂-背斜的垂直滑动速率、抬升速率、缩短速率分别是0．83～0．91、3.46～3.75和1.23～1．33mm／a。1906年的玛纳斯地震发生在一条盲断坡上，但是其同震破裂和褶皱隆升却出现在玛纳斯逆断裂-褶皱带上，震中距玛纳斯逆断裂-褶皱带约40km。揭示出北天山挤压拗陷区的孕震构造是一个由深部盲断坡-滑脱断层-浅层断坡构成的复杂构造系统。通过上述活动构造和古地震研究的结果可以推测，天山北麓未来发生大震（M≥7．0）的位置可能是在呼图壁河至金沟河段和金沟河至奎屯河段的齐古道断裂-褶皱带上，其震级相当于1906年玛纳斯地震。乌鲁木齐挤压坳陷中的活动逆断裂褶皱带上只有发生M≤6．0地震的可能性。 相似文献
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祁连山西段酒西盆地区阶地构造变形的研究 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：22
对祁连山西段酒西盆地晚第四纪阶地的研究表明,该区早第四纪以挤压褶皱、逆冲为特征的构造变形在晚更新世期间乃至全新世仍继承性地进行着,表现为横穿褶皱和逆断裂带的河流及冲沟阶地面的形成、阶地类型的转变、阶地级数的增多和阶地面被断错或发生拱曲变形．其中祁连山北缘大断裂晚更新世晚期以来的垂直运动速率约为１．９２～２．００ｍｍ／ａ．老君庙背斜逆断裂带在晚更新世初以来的垂直运动速率约为１．１５～２．５６ｍｍ／ａ．白杨河背斜逆断裂带晚更新世初以来的垂直运动速率约为０．３２～０．５８ｍｍ／ａ． 相似文献
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库车坳陷是南天山中段新构造运动异常强烈的地区,发育4排近EW向展布的逆断裂-背斜带。通过野外实地考察及前人资料分析,认为该区晚第四纪以来的构造变形主要集中于喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜带、秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带和最南缘的亚肯逆断裂-背斜带之上,而且不同构造带之间的变形方式存在较大差异。作者利用全站仪(total station)对上述构造带的变形地貌进行了精确测量,并结合年代学分析,得到喀桑托开逆断裂-背斜的地壳缩短速率为1·0~2·0mm/a,秋里塔格逆断裂-背斜带的地壳缩短速率为2·5~3·0mm/a,亚肯盲逆断裂-背斜的地壳缩短速率为1·5~2·0mm/a。晚第四纪以来,库车坳陷SN向总的地壳缩短速率不<5·0~7·0mm/a 相似文献
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罗云山山前断裂中段土门-贾朱村晚第四纪断错地貌特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
罗云山山前断裂位于山西临汾盆地西侧,控制着盆地的西界。通过对该断裂1∶ 5万地质填图、对河流冲沟阶地及山前断错地貌的调查,介绍了罗云山山前断裂中段土门-贾朱村晚第四纪断错地貌特征。罗云山山前发育D1、D2、D3 等3 级洪积扇,罗云山山前断裂上升盘冲沟发育T1 ～ T5 等5 级阶地。D1 洪积扇与T1、T2 阶地形成于全新世早中期;D2 洪积扇与T3 阶地形成于晚更新世中晚期;D3 洪积扇与T4、T5 阶地形成于中更新世中晚期。罗云山山前断裂中段不同部位断错地貌特征差异较大,D1 洪积扇的断错在席坊沟一带断距约2. 9m;在金殿镇峪口村南西山前断错约3m。D2 洪积扇的断错在土门镇南西堡子村约2. 5m;在杨家庄村西山前断错约4m;在景村西山前断错约6m;在襄陵镇浪泉沟南西侧山前断错约7. 7m。罗云山山前断裂中段山前断错地貌明显,其最新活动时代为全新世。其中,土门段最新活动时代为全新世早期,龙祠段最新活动时代为全新世中晚期。罗云山山前断裂中段晚更新世中晚期以来活动速率为0. 18～ 0. 54mm / a,由北向南活动呈增强趋势;全新世早中期以来活动速率为0. 4 ～ 0. 9mm / a,断裂活动主要集中于席坊沟-峪口一带。罗云山山前断裂中段从晚更新世中晚期到全新世活动速率有增大的趋势,这与该断裂上升盘冲沟阶地从晚更新世中晚期到全新世抬升速率有增大的趋势以及临汾盆地从晚更新世晚期到全新世沉降速率也有增大的趋势具有较好的一致性。 相似文献
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《内陆地震》2016,(2)
博格达推覆构造,由南向北发育3~4排活动断裂,活动性逐渐向北迁移,最新活动主要集中在前缘的阜康断裂及北三台断裂上。阜康断裂上盘在二工河一带为单斜岩层,具有断弯褶皱的特征,通过测量阶地拔河高度、阶地基座岩层的产状以及阶地年代数据,应用断弯褶皱变形的关系式得到了断层沿断层面滑动速率为0.8 mm/a;北三台断裂发育在断层扩展褶皱北三台背斜北翼,利用阶地剩余面积及褶皱滑脱面埋深,计算得到北三台背斜晚更新世晚期以来的缩短速率在0.5~0.9mm/a之间。综合得到博格达北麓晚第四纪地壳缩短速率为1.3~1.7 mm/a,考虑到埋藏地貌面的变形量,估计博格达北麓晚第四纪以来南北向总的地壳缩短速率在1.5~2.0 mm/a之间。 相似文献
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中旬-大具断裂南东段晚第四纪活动的地质地貌证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中甸-大具断裂南东段位于哈巴和玉龙雪山北麓,属于川西北次级块体西南边界,断裂总体走向310°～320°,是一条重要的边界断裂。了解该断裂的活动性质、活动时代和滑动速率等对分析川西北次级块体运动,研究该断裂与玉龙雪山东麓断裂的交切关系等问题具有重要意义。文中基于1︰5万活动断层地质填图,对断裂沿线地层地貌、陡坎地貌、地表破裂、典型断层剖面以及河流阶地等进行了详细的研究。研究表明:1)中甸-大具断裂南东段按几何结构、断错地貌表现、断裂活动性可分为马家村—大具次级段和大具—大东次级段。2)通过野外地质调查发现,马家村—大具次级段断错了全新世冲洪积扇,形成了地表破裂,为全新世活动段;而大具—大东次级段虽然也断错了晚更新—全新世地层,但其断错规模及滑动速率均较小,由此认为其全新世以来活动较弱。3)通过分析断裂沿线断层陡坎、水平位错及地表破裂等地质地貌问题,认为马家村—大具次级段的活动性质为右旋走滑兼正断,其晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率为0. 4～0. 8mm/a,水平滑动速率为1. 5～2. 4mm/a;大具—大东次级段以右旋走滑为主、正断为辅,其晚更新世晚期以来的垂直滑动速率为0. 1mm/a。4)在大具盆地内发现的NW向地表破裂带的形成时代很年轻,不排除是1966年中甸6. 4级地震或1996年丽江7. 0级地震造成的地表破裂。 相似文献
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遥感影像解译和野外地质地貌调查表明,龙陵-瑞丽断裂(南支)北段是以左旋走滑为主兼张性正断的区域性活动断裂。根据一些断错地貌点的大比例尺填图、实地测量及其年代学分析,确定了该断裂为全新世活动断裂,断裂晚更新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为2.2mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率为0.6mm/a;全新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为1.8～3.0mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率为0.5mm/a。断裂晚更新世以来的滑动速率在不同的时间尺度上变化不大,反映了该断裂晚更新世以来的活动强度比较平稳 相似文献
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焉耆盆地是塔里木盆地东北缘天山山间的重要坳陷区,盆地北缘发育的和静逆断裂-褶皱带是一条现今活动强烈的逆断裂-褶皱带,对其第四纪以来缩短量和隆升量的计算有利于分析该区域的构造活动情况,对缩短速率和隆升速率的估计可以与天山造山带其他区域的活动速率进行横向对比,从而反映出焉耆盆地在天山晚新生代构造变形的作用。在深部资料不足的情况下,对背斜形态完整、构造样式简单的和静逆断裂-褶皱带,利用地表可获得的地层和断层产状,通过恢复褶皱几何形态,计算褶皱的缩短量、隆升量和断层滑动量,得到逆断裂-褶皱带早更新世晚期(1.8Ma)、中更新世(780ka)和晚更新世中期(80ka)以来的缩短量分别为1.79km、0.88km和26m,初步估计的缩短速率分别为0.99mm/a、1.13mm/a和0.33mm/a。显示和静逆断裂-褶皱带自开始形成以来构造活动强度并不一致。与地壳形变观测结果对比,作为南天山东段最主要的坳陷区,焉耆盆地吸收了这一区域(86°～88°E)的大部分地壳缩短,且主要表现为盆地北缘新生逆断裂-褶皱带的强烈变形。 相似文献
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大河沿—洛包泉活动断裂带由 7条活断裂呈左阶雁列式排列 ,其中东盐池、七角井、托莱泉活断裂在平面上也呈左阶排列。沿断裂分布有古地震断层陡坎。东盐池断裂具有左旋逆冲性质。断层陡坎高 0 .6— 4 .5 m,断坎坡角为 2 6°— 2 8°,断裂垂直断距 1m,冲沟左错 10— 11.5 m,其垂直平均活动速率为 0 .18mm / a,水平平均活动速率为 1.31— 2 .0 2 mm/ a,为全新世中、晚期活动断裂。七角井断裂具有左旋逆冲或左旋逆走滑性质 ,断层陡坎高为 0 .75— 8.3m ,断坎坡角为 14°— 2 1°,左错为2 .5— 6 .5 m,垂直平均活动速率为 0 .15— 0 .17mm/ a,水平平均活动速率为 0 .35— 0 .4 9mm/ a。该断裂为全新世中、晚期活动断裂。托莱泉断裂具有逆冲性质。断层陡坎西段高为 0 .75— 4 m,坡角为19°— 2 0 .5°;东段高为 3— 12 m,坡角为 10°— 2 9°,垂直平均活动速率为 0 .2 5 mm/ a。该断裂为晚更新世晚期活动断裂 相似文献
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以八钢—石化隐伏断裂为例,介绍了在乌鲁木齐地区第四系较厚的河流相卵砾石覆盖层中利用浅层人工地震探测隐伏活动断裂的具体方法。首先进行观测系统参数的确定,其次实施多次覆盖的人工地震探测,从而获得较好的多层反射界面剖面,在此基础上结合相关资料进行地质解译,最后通过钻孔联合剖面验证。分析结果表明,八钢—石化隐伏断裂为隐伏的逆断层—背斜构造,宽度达150~300 m,主断层位于背斜北侧,有2条,为倾向S或SE的逆断层,错断了中更新统—上更新统砾石层,上盘形成背斜构造,在背斜南翼发育次级逆断层或正断层,主逆断层带的总垂直位移为21~23 m。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带最新活动的断层分布于潍坊至嘉山一带, 而安丘—莒县断裂是郯庐断裂带的重要活动断裂之一。 基于地质考察、 高密度电法探测和钻孔联合剖面, 对安丘—莒县断裂小店—大店段断层活动证据及断层泥分布特征进行研究。 地质考察发现紫红色砂砾岩逆冲到全新世耕植土上方, 两者之间发育断层泥带, 断层泥内含少量角砾岩, 为全新世活动逆断层。 高密度电法探测结果表明断层通过位置电阻率差异明显。 钻孔联合剖面揭露的地层: 全新世耕植土、 全风化砂质泥岩、 强风化砂质泥岩、 碎裂岩、 断层泥带及中风化砂质泥岩。 钻孔K1和K2揭露深灰色断层泥带, 倾向西, 倾角约为74°, 厚度约为13.9 m, 与南侧出露的断层泥带产状相协调。 工作区范围内, 发育多处褶皱、 破碎带和断层泥带, 断层表现为全新世逆断层性质。 相似文献
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THRUST OF THE SOUTHERN LONGMENSHAN FAULT IN THE LATE QUATERNARY REVEALED BY RIVER LANDFORMS 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Longmenshan fault zone is divided into three sections from south to north in the geometric structure. The middle and northern segments are mainly composed of three thrust faults, where the deformation of foreland is weak. The geometric structure of the southern segment is more complex, which is composed of six fault branches, where the foreland tectonic deformation is very strong. The Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake occurred in the middle of the Longmenshan in 2008, activating the bifurcation of two branches, the Yingxiu-Beichuan and the Guixian-Jiangyou faults. In 2013, the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake occurred in the southern Longmenshan, whose seismogenic structure was considered to be a blind fault. After the Lushan earthquake, the seismic hazard in the southern Longmenshan has been widely concerned.
At present, the studies on active tectonics in the southern Longmenshan are limited to the Dachuan-Shuangshi and the Yanjing-Wulong faults. The Qingyi River, which flows across the southern Longmenshan, facilitates to study fault slip by the deformation of river terraces. Based on satellite imagery and high-resolution DEM analysis, we measured the fluvial terraces along the Qingyi river in detail. During the measurement, the Sichuan network GPS system (SCGNSS)was employed to achieve a precision of centimeter grade. Besides, the optical luminescence dating (OSL)method was employed to date the terraces' ages. And the late Quaternary activities of the six branch faults in the southern Longmen Shan were further analyzed.
The Gengda-Longdong, Yanjing-Wulong and the Xiao Guanzi faults (west branch of the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault)all show thrust slip and displaced the terrace T2. Their average vertical slip rates in the late Quaternary are 0.21-0.30mm/a, 0.12-0.21mm/a and 0.10-0.12mm/a, respectively. Since the Late Quaternary, vertical slip of the east branch of the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault was not obvious, and the arc-like Jintang tectonic belt was not active. Crustal shortening rate of the southern Longmenshan thrust fault zone in the late Quaternary is 0.48-0.77mm/a, which equals about half of the middle segment of the Longmenshan. Based on the previous study on the tectonic deformation of the foreland, we consider that the foreland fold belt in the southern Longmenshan area has absorbed more than half of the crustal shortening. The three major branch faults in the southern Longmenshan are active in the late Quaternary, which have risk of major earthquakes. 相似文献
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USING DEFORMED FLUVIALTERRACES OF THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER TO STUDY THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 On 20 April 2013, a destructive earthquake, the Lushan MS7.0 earthquake, occurred in the southern segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone, the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau in Sichuan, China. This earthquake did not produce surface rupture zone, and its seismogenic structure is not clear. Due to the lack of Quaternary sediment in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and the fact that fault outcrops are not obvious, there is a shortage of data concerning the tectonic activity of this region. This paper takes the upper reaches of the Qingyijiang River as the research target, which runs through the Yanjing-Wulong Fault, Dachuan-Shuangshi Fault and Lushan Basin, with an attempt to improve the understanding of the tectonic activity of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake.
In the paper, the important morphological features and tectonic evolution of this area were reviewed. Then, field sites were selected to provide profiles of different parts of the Qingyijiang River terraces, and the longitudinal profile of the terraces of the Qingyijiang River in the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was reconstructed based on geological interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, continuous differential GPS surveying along the terrace surfaces, geomorphic field evidence, and correlation of the fluvial terraces.
The deformed longitudinal profile reveals that the most active tectonics during the late Quaternary in the south segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone are the Yanjing-Wulong Fault and the Longmenshan range front anticline. The vertical thrust rate of the Yanjing-Wulong Fault is nearly 0.6~1.2mm/a in the late Quaternary. The tectonic activity of the Longmenshan range front anticline may be higher than the Yanjing-Wulong Fault. Combined with the relocations of aftershocks and other geophysical data about the Lushan earthquake, we found that the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is the range front blind thrust and the back thrust fault, and the pop-up structure between the two faults controls the surface deformation of the range front anticline. 相似文献
16.
Discovery of the Longriba fault zone in eastern Bayan Har block,China and its tectonic implication 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Re-measured GPS data have recently revealed that a broad NE trending dextral shear zone exists in the eastern Bayan Har block about 200 km northwest of the Longmenshan thrust on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The strain rate along this shear zone may reach up to 4-6 mm/a. Our interpretation of satellite images and field observations indicate that this dextral shear zone corresponds to a newly generated NE trending Longriba fault zone that has been ignored before. The northeast segment of the Longriba fault zone consists of two subparallel N54°±5°E trending branch faults about 30 km apart, and late Quaternary offset landforms are well developed along the strands of these two branch faults. The northern branch fault, the Longriqu fault, has relatively large reverse component, while the southern branch fault, the Maoergai fault, is a pure right-lateral strike slip fault. According to vector synthesizing principle, the average right-lateral strike slip rate along the Longriba fault zone in the late Quaternary is calculated to be 5.4±2.0 mm/a, the vertical slip rate to be 0.7 mm/a, and the rate of crustal shortening to be 0.55 mm/a. The discovery of the Longriba fault zone may provide a new insight into the tectonics and dynamics of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Taken the Longriba fault zone as a boundary, the Bayan Har block is divided into two sub-blocks: the Ahba sub-block in the west and the Longmenshan sub-block in the east. The shortening and uplifting of the Longmenshan sub-block as a whole reflects that both the Longmenshan thrust and Longriba fault zone are subordinated to a back propagated nappe tectonic system that was formed during the southeastward motion of the Bayan Har block owing to intense resistance of the South China block. This nappe tectonic system has become a boundary tectonic type of an active block supporting crustal deformation along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from late Cenozoic till now. The Longriba fault zone is just an active fault zone newly-generated in late Quaternary along this tectonic system. 相似文献
17.
通过对天山北麓 190 6年玛纳斯 7 7级地震区的浅层地震探测资料、石油地震反射剖面、二维电性结构剖面、深地震反射剖面的研究 ,发现玛纳斯地震区多层次活动构造系统的根带 ,它通过脆 -韧转换带与天山活动构造块体内上地壳中的低速、高导层连为一体。低速、高导层可能是天山地壳内正在活动的韧性剪切带 ,而齐古逆断裂 -褶皱带下的脆 -韧转换带是连接深部活动韧性剪切带与地壳浅部脆性破裂的枢纽 ,也是现今孕育和发生大地震的重要构造部位。 190 6年玛纳斯地震发生在脆韧转换带的底部 ,地震区的活动逆断裂和褶皱只是部分记录了深部韧性剪切带活动的信息 相似文献
18.
利用区域GPS和水准测量资料,结合地震构造背景的分析,本文研究2008年汶川8.0级地震前横跨龙门山断裂带地区的震间地壳形变,探讨引起这种形变的活动构造与动力学模式,并由此认识汶川地震的孕育与成因机制.主要结果表明：1997～2007年期间,自龙门山断裂带中段朝北西约230 km的地带内存在垂直于断裂的水平缩短变形、以及平行于断裂的水平右旋剪切变形,缩短率为1.3×10-8/a （即：0.013 mm/km/a）,角变形速率为2.6×10-8/a;同一地带在1975～1997年期间还表现出垂直上隆变形,上隆速率在龙门山前山断裂与中央断裂之间仅0.6 mm/a,而至龙门山后山断裂及其以西达2～3 mm/a.这些反映了在汶川地震之前至少10～30余年,龙门山断裂带中段的前山与中央断裂业已闭锁、并伴有应变积累.造成这种形变的主要原因是：以壳内的低速层为“解耦”带,巴颜喀拉地块上地壳朝南东的水平运动在四川盆地西缘受到华南地块的阻挡、转换成龙门山断裂带中段的逆冲运动;由于该断裂段的震间闭锁,致使西侧的巴颜喀拉地块的上地壳发生横向缩短以及平行断裂的右旋剪切变形.然而,龙门山断裂带北段在1997～2007年期间除了有大约0.9 mm/a的右旋剪切变形外,横向的缩短变形极微弱,这可能与该断裂段西侧的岷江、虎牙、龙日坝等断裂带吸收了巴颜喀拉地块朝东水平运动的大部分有关.另外,汶川地震前,横跨龙门山断裂带中段与北段的地壳形变特征的差异,与汶川地震时能量释放的空间分布吻合. 相似文献
19.
The Beiluntai Fault is a Holocene active fault. It is the boundary between southern Tian Shan and Tarim Basin. Since the late Quaternary, steady activities of the Beiluntai fault have resulted in offsets, folds, and uplift of pluvial terraces. We used the high-resolution RTK topographic surveys to reveal that the fault scarp morphology on the Akeaiken(Ak) segment and Zhuanchang(Zc) segment of the Beiluntai fault. We found that the crustal shortening of Ak and Zc segments are dominated by thrusting and folding-uplift, respectively. We employed th optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) dating method to develop a new chronology for the different pluvial terraces, indicating that they formed at 49.14~58.51, 27±3, 13.72~14.64, 7.13±0.88, (3.32±0.43) ka, respectively. These data permitted to estimate the crustal shortening rate(about 2.4mm/a) remains largely constant on the Ak segment, while the crustal shortening rate of Zc segment was 1.43~1.81mm/a since the Fan4 pluvial terraces was abandoned. Compared with the Ak segment, the crustal shortening rate of the Zc segment declined obviously. This shows that the NS-trending crustal shortening rate of the Beituntai fault decreased gradually from west to east. A comprehensive comparison of the reverse fault-fold belt system in the front of southern Tian Shan also indicates that the crustal shortening rate drops from west to east. 相似文献