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为了避免福岭采石场爆破施工对周边民房的影响,布设4个测试点,对不同药量及距离产生的爆破振动给附近民房带来的影响进行监测和分析,得到了振动衰减关系及该采石场爆破施工对附近民房影响的安全距离。当保护对象距离为200 m时,96 kg药量,振动速度为0.45 cm/s,达到土坯房和毛石房屋容许振动的上限值。 相似文献
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地面振动是爆破产生的副效应之一，爆破中，相当一部分能量通过其产生的地面振动而被消耗，从而导致矿山产量大降，甚至影响矿山的发展．本文处理并分析了在伊朗Kerman 省Sarcheshmeh铜矿11次爆破记录到的57个三分向地震图．这些数据通过数字化地震仪PDAS-100记录得到，并使用DADISP软件加以分析．最后，重新考察了影响地面振动的爆破参数，比如炸药的重量和种类、结构物与爆破点的距离、爆破延时等，并研究了它们对峰值质点速度（vPP）的影响．在此基础上，确定了合适的爆破延时及炸药种类．通过研究这些数据，为Sarcheshmeh铜矿作出了vPP与换算距离之间的关系图．有了这样的关系图，就能够确定结构物的安全距离及相应的炸药数量． 相似文献
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叙述了大姚铜矿的大药量爆破振动效应观测,研究了在建筑物下的爆破施工中,如何确保建筑物安保证安全生产最大用药量的问题,结合“爆破安全规程”药量指数m的应用与修正,从而得出正在对爆破上方的建筑物地面爆破振动动加速度a,速度v随爆心距地面投影r与爆心深度h之比值（r/h)的衰减变化规律;发现临近正对爆心的地面振动有强心现象,并定义它为“极震”效应;定义“极震”效应系数N为正对爆心实测加速度a或速度v与用振动衰减普适式求得值a'或v'之比（N＝a/a',或N=v/v'）。经多年的安全生产证明,采用振动衰减普适式（药量指娄m=1/3)和“极震”效应系数修正法,效果良好,获得生产最佳用药量,民房安全率达98％左右。 相似文献
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隧道开挖时的爆破震动对周边建筑物安全影响很大,但目前对不同爆破参数、周边建筑的距离与爆破开挖之间关系的研究成果不多,实际工程中也难以把握。以宁夏固原市某水工隧道工程为依托,采用现场试验的方法,对地表关键位置质点爆破振动频率与振动速度进行测试和分析。结果表明:(1)经测试发现房屋主振频率在10~60Hz间,而一般房屋建筑的频率均小于10Hz,说明此次试验中爆破震动不能与房屋产生共振。(2)对试验数据进行分析,并依据爆破震动规范安全振速标准进行判别,发现此次试验中土坯房的安全距离为160 m,一般砖房为60 m。研究结果可为隧道爆破的设计与施工提供理论依据,为类似隧道的爆破工程及解决由爆破引起的纠纷提供借鉴。 相似文献
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隧道爆破开挖产生的振动对邻近的古建筑有着不容忽视的安全影响,为研究爆破振动波的传播规律以及预测地面振动效应和分析临近古建筑结构的安全性,以拉卜楞隧道为依托,采用现场实测结合数值模拟分析的方法,预测爆破荷载作用下拉卜楞寺的动力响应。结果表明：(1)随着单响总药量的增加,质点振动速度增大,衰减比也随之增大,说明高频振动衰减快,低频振动衰减慢;(2)通过理论计算将爆破荷载等效施加在弹性边界或隧道开挖轮廓面上,动力模拟结果表明在大于40 m的中远区两者振速变化规律趋于一致,故将荷载施加在开挖轮廓面上是合理的;(3)爆破地震波自由界面处体波经过反射形成沿表面传播的Rayleigh波,结合数值模拟山体内部地震波的传播规律发现,经反射叠加山体内部形成复杂的振动区;(4)当地震波到达拉卜楞寺最近点时,径向振速峰值为0.000 672 cm/s,垂向振速峰值为0.000 448 cm/s,合成振速峰值为0.000 807 cm/s,远小于古建筑安全振动控制标准。 相似文献
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为了分析一次性爆破拆除多栋建筑造成的地面振动的特征及对周边建筑物的影响,对武汉交通学校群楼爆破拆除中的地面振动进行了测量,并对实测的塌落振动的峰值、频谱特性进行分析。结果表明:此次监测记录到的峰值频率在5～10 Hz,对比高架桥以及单一高层结构爆破拆除数据,倒塌叠加使得振动能量在频谱上分布更加离散,其峰值频率与周边结构自振频率相差变大,周边建筑共振的危险性降低;对于周围的结构而言,水平振动持时大于竖向振动,但水平振动幅值明显小于竖向振动;爆破塌落振动的竖向分量对周围结构的威胁较大,应采取有效的缓冲及隔振措施;由《爆破安全规程》和周边建筑爆破前后主振频率分析可知,本次爆破拆除工作未对周边建筑造成破坏性影响,验证了群楼爆破拆除方案的高效性和安全性。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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