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第二代小波变换及其在地震信号去噪中的应用 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文讨论了第二代小波变换的基本原理和变换过程，并将第二代小波变换引入到地震资料去噪处理中，基于提升法的小波变换是一种柔性的小波构造方法，它使用线性、非线性或空间变化的预测和更新算子，并能确保变换的可逆性。通过对模拟数据和实际资料的处理，证明了的它对地震信号去噪具有很好的效果。离散信号的小波去噪可分为三步：小波分解，系数缩减（切除噪声部分），信号重建。目前常用的小波去噪的方法有硬阈值法和软阈值法，这里采用软阈值法去噪。本文的提升变换采用的是Deslauriers-Dubuc（4，2）小波，基于以上变换方法，分别对含噪的模拟数据及实际地震数据进行3级可逆提升变换，对每一级上的细节信号按上述的软域值法进行处理，削减小波系数中的噪声部分，从而实现了信号去噪，结果证明去除随机噪声的效果是令人满意的。 相似文献
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在地震勘探领域,随机噪声一直是影响地震信号信噪比的主要因素之一,如何从被干扰的地震信号中有效去除随机噪声并保护有用信号具有重要的意义.针对经典小波变换在计算效率方面的缺陷,本文推荐应用提升算法实现第二代小波变换的构建,分析和对比了提升算法(Lifting Scheme)下不同小波变换方法的特性,选取更加符合小波域去噪原理的CDF 9/7双正交小波变换作为基本算法,同时应用了简单、有效的百分位数(Percentiles)软阈值进行信噪分离.通过理论模型处理,本方法可以在去噪能力和保护有用信号之间找到很好的平衡点.实际剖面的处理效果表明,此方法不仅能有效的滤除随机噪声,而且很好地保护有用信号,提高地震数据分析的精确性. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(6)
针对常用大地电磁(magnetotelluric,MT)信号小波阈值去噪中阈值函数和阈值选取的不足,选取一种新的阈值函数,并提出了基于小波变换多分辨Stein无偏风险估计,自适应的获得最优阈值的方法;给出了新函数和自适应阈值的确定方法;在与小波硬、软阈值去噪、小波模极大值法去噪结果对比的基础上,用仿真实验验证了方法的可行性;最后用内蒙某地实测的大地电磁数据进行了去噪效果的对比研究.结果表明:本文选取的新函数和自适应阈值的确定方法是正确、有效的,克服了常用小波硬、软阈值去噪的缺点;去噪后大地电磁信号变得平稳,估算的响应参数方差减小,曲线更为圆滑、连续,为后续的地质解释和评价提供了更为准确的信息. 相似文献
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在宽角反射/折射地震测深数据处理中,仍多用基于傅里叶变换的滤波方法和小波去噪方法。鉴于傅里叶方法对稳态信号很有效但对非稳态的地震信号效果不佳的状况以及小波不能同时具有正交性、紧支性、对称性,本文给出了基于多小波的去噪方法,多小波具有正交性、对称性、紧支性,克服了传统小波的缺陷。编写了多小波去噪方法的人机交互软件。该软件可以方便快捷地显示宽角反射/折射地震记录截面,进行多小波域的阈值去噪。实例计算结果表明,本文所述方法和编写的软件有效且可行。 相似文献
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高效的瞬变电磁数据处理对后续的精确地质解译具有决定性的作用,而数据信号的去噪是数据处理环节的重中之重.时频分析方法是当前广泛应用于瞬变电磁数据处理去噪领域的主要方法技术,但其基本是单域方法的应用探索,各自单域方法实际应用效果不尽人意.本文基于曲波变换、小波变换及高阶相关统计技术,进行了交叉型组合域瞬变电磁数据去噪技术的研究与探索.通过引入高阶相关统计理论提供自适应的阈值函数、采用小波变换进行残留噪声成分小波系数分解,结合曲波变换正反过程实现交叉型组合域去噪技术.设计了包含随机噪声、相关噪声的数值模拟合成数据去噪算例验证了本文方法的可行性.将本文方法应用于两个实测数据去噪分析,表明本文方法可有效解决不同复杂程度的含噪声瞬变电磁数据去噪领域.研究成果为瞬变电磁高精度数据处理提供了新的技术手段. 相似文献
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探地雷达勘探工程目标及观测工程环境越加复杂给其精确的数据处理带来极大挑战,高效的探地雷达数据去噪算法是当前关注的重要研究领域.基于阈值去噪思想,小波变换和曲波变换去噪算法在探地雷达数据去噪应用中受到限制,有必要开展上述两种去噪算法适用性和实用性系统评价及改进.基于传统高阶相关统计阈值和块状复数域阈值函数,本文开展了小波变换及曲波变换去噪算法在合成含噪数据去噪效果对比分析;提出窗口高阶相关统计阈值小波变换去噪算法、探讨了块状复数域阈值函数取值变化对曲波变换去噪效果影响规律.通过对实测数据去噪分析,验证了窗口高阶相关统计阈值小波变换和估计块状复数域阈值函数曲波变换去噪算法的可行性及有效性. 相似文献
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中深层地质条件复杂,地震资料品质差,主要表现为:地震资料信噪比低、有效信号弱.如何在去噪的同时有效保留弱有效信号,获取高信噪比的地震数据成为地震数据处理的关键问题.传统小波阈值与互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)联合去噪方法相比单一方法可以获取更高品质的地震数据.基于压缩感知理论的去噪方法利用地震数据在变换域中的稀疏特性,通过设定稀疏基矩阵和测量矩阵,可以将地震数据去噪问题转化成求解最优化问题,通过最优解重构原始信号,实现对地震资料的去噪处理.该方法能够在有效衰减随机噪声的同时最大限度的保留有效信号.本文基于压缩感知理论开展小波阈值去噪方法研究,并在此基础上结合CEEMD方法对含噪较多的固有模态分量进行有针对性的随机噪声压制.通过对含噪数据开展不同方法的去噪结果对比可见,本文方法可以在保证高信噪比的基础上更为有效的保留弱有效信号,数值试算验证了该方法对弱有效信号地震数据去噪具有显著优势. 相似文献
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Optimum pilot sweep 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The successful application of high-resolution seismic methods requires evaluating each element in the seismic system and ensuring that each part of the system contributes optimally to the success of the method. Unfortunately, unlike data processing, seismic signal generation is not carefully optimized. The purpose of our study was to optimize the source signal in order to better coordinate field operations with subsequent data processing to achieve their common objective. We developed an iterative method for a rational frequency distribution of the energy of a seismic source. The method allows the optimum amplitude spectrum of a source signal to be calculated, thus providing the best data quality at the end of the processing. We assume that the source signal is affected by a total transfer function, by the reflectivity function of a target interval, and by ambient noise, whose characteristics, if not known, can be estimated or measured in practice. The transfer function includes data processing other than the correlation stage and the final trace-optimizing filter. The variance of a reflectivity estimate is considered to be a measure of the data quality and improvement of the characteristic corresponds to a decrease in the variance. For this reason, a constrained Wiener deconvolution filter is used as the final trace-optimizing filter. It not only minimizes the variance of a reflectivity estimate but also ensures a specific signal-to-noise ratio. The method is made feasible by following the Vibroseis technique, primarily because of the versatility of the technique in controlling the signal spectrum. With the optimum amplitude spectrum obtained, the corresponding optimum pilot sweep can be readily calculated. Examples using synthetic data are presented to illustrate the method. 相似文献
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乌兰浩特地震台爆破与地震记录识别判据 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
选取乌兰浩特地震台爆破及地震波形数据记录,采用小波分析方法,提取地震及爆破的3种波形特征,使用v-SVC支持向量分类机进行分类能力的效果检验,结果表明,WPT(db4)+香农熵特征+v-SVC的组合最佳,可作为该台爆破与地震记录的快速识别判据。 相似文献
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HENRY J. MEYERHOFF 《Geophysical Prospecting》1966,14(Z2):441-453
The common depth point method of shooting in oil exploration provides a series of seismic traces which yield information about the substrata layers at one location. After normal moveout and static corrections have been applied, the traces are combined by horizontal stacking, or linear multichannel filtering, into a single record in which the primary reflections have been enhanced relative to the multiple reflections and random noise. The criterion used in optimum horizontal stacking is to maximize the signal to noise power ratio, where signal refers to the primary reflection sequence and noise includes the multiple reflections. It is shown when this criterion is equivalent to minimizing the mean square difference between the desired signal (primary reflection sequence) and the weighted horizontally stacked traces. If the seismic traces are combined by multichannel linear filtering, the primary reflection sequence will have undergone some phase and frequency distortion on the resulting record. The signal to noise power ratio then becomes less meaningful a criterion for designing the optimum linear multichannel filter, and the mean square criterion is adopted. In general, however, since more a priori information about the seismic traces is required to design the optimum linear multichannel filter than required for the optimum set of weights of the horizontal stacking process, the former will be an improvement over the latter. It becomes evident that optimum horizontal stacking is a restricted form of linear multichannel filtering. 相似文献
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HENRY J. MEYERHOFF 《Geophysical Prospecting》1966,14(4):441-454
The common depth point method of shooting in oil exploration provides a series of seismic traces which yield information about the substrata layers at one location. After normal moveout and static corrections have been applied, the traces are combined by horizontal stacking, or linear multichannel filtering, into a single record in which the primary reflections have been enhanced relative to the multiple reflections and random noise. The criterion used in optimum horizontal stacking is to maximize the signal to noise power ratio, where signal refers to the primary reflection sequence and noise includes the multiple reflections. It is shown when this criterion is equivalent to minimizing the mean square difference between the desired signal (primary reflection sequence) and the weighted horizontally stacked traces. If the seismic traces are combined by multichannel linear filtering, the primary reflection sequence will have undergone some phase and frequency distortion on the resulting record. The signal to noise power ratio then becomes less meaningful a criterion for designing the optimum linear multichannel filter, and the mean square criterion is adopted. In general, however, since more a priori information about the seismic traces is required to design the optimum linear multichannel filter than required for the optimum set of weights of the horizontal stacking process, the former will be an improvement over the latter. It becomes evident that optimum horizontal stacking is a restricted form of linear multichannel filtering. 相似文献
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A new seismic interpolation and denoising method with a curvelet transform matching filter, employing the fast iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (FISTA), is proposed. The approach treats the matching filter, seismic interpolation, and denoising all as the same inverse problem using an inversion iteration algorithm. The curvelet transform has a high sparseness and is useful for separating signal from noise, meaning that it can accurately solve the matching problem using FISTA. When applying the new method to a synthetic noisy data sets and a data sets with missing traces, the optimum matching result is obtained, noise is greatly suppressed, missing seismic data are filled by interpolation, and the waveform is highly consistent. We then verified the method by applying it to real data, yielding satisfactory results. The results show that the method can reconstruct missing traces in the case of low SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). The above three problems can be simultaneously solved via FISTA algorithm, and it will not only increase the processing efficiency but also improve SNR of the seismic data. 相似文献
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Jing Liu Youcai Tang Kai Tao Chunquan Yu Jie Chen Jieyuan Ning Yongshun John Chen Yongge Feng 《地震科学（英文版）》2010,23(6):627-636
We have developed a new stacking technique in ambient noise tomography to obtain high-quality dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves.This technique is used to stack the vertical components of the Estimated Green Functions(EGFs) obtained respectively from cross correlation of the ambient noise data recorded by a remote seismic station and one of the short distance seismic stations of a seismic array.It is based on a phase-matched filter and is implemented by a four-step iterative process:signal compression,stacking,signal extraction and signal decompression.The iterative process ends and gives the dispersion curve of Rayleigh wave when the predicted one and the processing result converge.We have tested the method using the vertical components of synthetic Rayleigh wave records.Results show that this new stacking method is stable and it can improve the quality of dispersion curves.In addition,we have applied this method to real data.We see that the results given by our new technique are obviously better than the ones employing the traditional method which is a three-step process:signal compression,signal extraction and signal decompression.In conclusion,the new method proposed in this paper can improve the signal to noise ratio of EGFs,and can therefore potentially improve the resolution of ambient noise tomography. 相似文献
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面波噪声衰减是地震数据处理流程中的重要一环,传统的面波衰减方法主要依靠面波与有效信号的几何特征差异,在变换域中将两者进行分离.受复杂近地表因素的影响,面波往往呈现非线性特征,并且在变换域中面波与有效信号存在部分重叠,这都导致面波噪声与有效信号难以彻底分离,消除面波的同时也损伤了有效信号.针对这一问题,本文综合利用Curvelet变换对地震数据的稀疏表征特性以及地震子波支撑来构建方程,通过Curvelet域稀疏约束来恢复压制面波时损失掉的有效信号.文中对该方法进行了模型试算和实际资料处理,处理结果表明:本文方法能够在一定程度上恢复损失的有效信号,提高了面波压制方法的保幅性. 相似文献
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地震信号检测是进行各种地震数据分析和处理的首要任务,STA/LTA方法具有算法简单、便于实时处理等特点,被广泛应用于地震信号检测.结合实际震例数据研究STA/LTA方法进行地震信号检测的各种影响因素,得到该方法进行检测时最合理的参数设置范围. 相似文献