共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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自20世纪60年代以来，大陆岩石圈流变学取得了较大的进展，理论和应用研究不断深入.理论上，人们不仅认识到在构造运动中岩石圈介质是流变体而非简单的刚体性和弹性体；并利用矿物和岩石的实验结果提出了岩石圈流变分层的概念，建立了一维流变模型；进而用流变的观点解释了一些具体构造现象，而且开始了三维流变结构的研究，提出了岩石圈流变结构的横向分块纵向分层的观点.应用上，人们已从把流变强度曲线简单地运用于运动学或动力学模型的阶段，进入了在三维空间中定量研究地球动力学问题的阶段.随着岩石圈流变学研究的深入及大陆岩石圈的复杂性，新的问题也不断涌现. 相似文献
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青藏高原-天山大陆内部地壳变形三维数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大量研究事实证明,板块相互作用除了在板块边缘产生地壳强烈变形外,其应变可以扩展到远离板块边界的大陆内部,对板块相互作用的远程效应以及大陆内部地壳变形的动力学机制目前仍然有争议.本文结合前人对大陆岩石圈流变学研究的知识和现代GPS观测结果,应用三维有限元数值模拟技术探讨了印度大陆向北推挤与青藏高原-天山地壳变形的动力学关系.模拟地壳的流变学用Maxwell黏弹性模型近似,印-藏的汇聚速度用大量GPS观测的速度边界约束,而欧亚大陆内的远程边界用弹簧约束.在重力方向上,模型考虑了重力加载和位于深部的静岩压力边界.通过大量模型的计算,在均一的地壳流变学框架下印-藏汇聚的应变使研究区内发生整体隆升;然而当考虑青藏高原,塔里木地块和天山等区域中地壳流变学可能存在的横向不一致时,可以发现印藏汇聚的应变经青藏高原吸收后可以跃过塔里木导致天山地区的强烈变形.这暗示新生代以来发生在天山地区强烈地壳变形的动力学可能与印-藏汇聚过程中青藏高原-塔里木天山一带岩石圈流变学存在横向不均一有关.这对我们进一步认识板块相互作用的远程效应和大陆内部岩石圈变形机制有一定理论意义 相似文献
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大陆科学钻探的现状及展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１．大陆科学钻探是国际岩石圈动力学计划的重要组成部分，是当代地球科学的重大前沿之一，是一项划时代意义的地学高科技系统工程。大陆科学钻探不仅具有直接揭示地壳内部组成、结构、构造、流变学、流体作用、热历史，应力及应变机制以及重塑地壳与岩石圈动力学的重大理论意义，并且具有充分利用地下资源、减灾及保护环境的实际经济价值．２．大陆科学钻探在世界范围内实施３０年来已取得巨大进展，解决深部水资源、深部流体资源、深部地热资源、壳幔过渡、岩石圈动力学及变形、地球历史、生物圈及环境变化、地应力、地下强磁区、矿床成因以及盆地演化、碳氢化合物成因与迁移等科学问题已成为世界性地质目标。３．作为地质大国，面临地球科学新挑战以及２１世纪资源、减灾及环境的需求，填补中国大陆科学钻探的空白已成为当务之急。４．根据需用科学钻探解决的中国关键性深部地质问题，提出选址原则及十大选区（域），并对中国大陆科学钻探的战略目标提出切合国情的建议。 相似文献
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岩石圈流变学的目标是研究岩石圈物质的变形、流动及其机制。７０年代以来高温高压岩石力学实验和地热研究的丰硕成果,推动了该分支学科的进展。Ｒａｎａｌｉ等（１９８７）建立了７种岩石圈流变学剖面,并论述了岩石圈的流变学分层特性。此后,一些学者对不同地区的岩石圈做了研究,获得了类似的结果,建立了岩石圈流变学分层理论。运用这一理论,能解释地球科学许多分支学科所研究的不同尺度的构造现象。因为岩石圈的结构分层和流变性质,控制了大陆构造的形成演化,尤其是大陆构造变形。最新研究表明,一系列深成构造作用,如下地壳韧性剪切、造山带演化晚期或造山期后重力塌陷和莫霍面松驰等,与下地壳软化和塑性流动密切相关,而中上地壳（或汇聚带上地幔最上部）脆性域控制了地震震源的分布 相似文献
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岩石的流变决定了地球各时空尺度的变形,是理解大陆岩石圈构造演化的关键.岩石流变学的研究主要通过高温高压流变学实验和天然变形岩石的多尺度观测来实现,目前已经积累了大量的数据.本文总结了岩石圈不同深度主要造岩矿物,包括橄榄石、斜方辉石、单斜辉石、角闪石、斜长石、石英和云母的流变机制、组构类型以及地震学性质;介绍了岩石圈地幔橄榄岩、榴辉岩、基性麻粒岩、斜长角闪岩和长英质岩石的高温高压实验和天然变形观测进展,包括流变学强度和行为、地震波速和各向异性等;以青藏高原为例,讨论了岩石流变学研究在解译地震波速各向异性的定量化约束作用.将矿物变形组构与地震波各向异性相结合,有望在岩石圈流变学机制和结构的研究中取得重要突破. 相似文献
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格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面地球动力学模型初探 总被引：33，自引：9，他引：33
概述格尔木－额济纳旗地学断面研究的地学环境，调查研究内容和初步建立的地球动力学模型，印度板块向北运动为主，西伯利亚板块向南楔入为辅的双向挤压环境是大陆岩石圈最新变形的背景，下地壳的挤压和上地壳的逆冲走滑以及滞后伸展构造组成了岩石圈变形的力学系统。 相似文献
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中国东、西部两类盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
王良书李成刘福田李华卢华复 《中国科学D辑》2000,30(Z1):116-121
根据中国东部苏北盆地、渤海湾盆地济阳拗陷和西部塔里木盆地岩石圈热－流 变学结构研究结果,分析了两种类型盆地岩石圈热－流变学结构特征与构造演化的关系． 结果表明岩石圈热－流变学结构特征直接反映了岩石圈的地球动力学特性．在不同的地 球动力学环境下,盆地成因类型和构造演化差异性与岩石圈热－流变学结构所反映的地 球动力学特性的差异性密切相关． 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of the collision between Indian and Eurasian Plates and the deformations of the present Chinese continent 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this paper the continental lithosphere of the East Asia is regarded as a continuum in a power law rheology. It lays on a relative soft upper mantle and limited in a trapezoid geological frame. The movement of the Indian Plate at the rate of 5 cm/a is assumed to be the main driving force for the Tibet Plateau(s uplift and the lithosphere deformation of the Chinese continent. The numerical simulation shows that the predicted horizontal deformation model of the Chinese continent is comparable with the results of the GPS observation. It implicates that the collision and compression between India and Eurasia Plates is the main driving force of the horizontal deformations of the Chinese continent. It is also shows that the patterns of the continental deformation are controlled by many factors such as the dynamical parameters of the lithosphere and the boundary conditions as well. 相似文献
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PengPeng Huangfu YueJun Wang WeiMing Fan ZhongHai Li YongZhi Zhou 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(2):218-234
Numerical experiments are used in this study to systematically investigate the effects of convergence rate, crustal rheological strength, and lithospheric thermal structure on the dynamics of continental collision. The study focuses on the types, conditions and processes of unstable continental subduction. Modelling results suggest that the development of unstable continental subduction can be promoted by conditions that tend to decrease rheological strength of the lithosphere, such as low crustal rheological strength, “hot” thermal structure of the lithosphere, or low convergence rate. Unstable subduction mode can be further categorized into three types: (1) multi-stage slab breakoff, (2) continuously “flowing” of fluid-like slab into the upper mantle, and (3) large-scale detachment of the thickened orogenic root. These three types of unstable continental subduction are respectively associated with (1) a low convergence rate, (2) “hot” thermal structure of the lithosphere with a high convergence rate, and (3) moderate-high crustal rheological strength with a low convergence rate. It is also revealed that the evolution of crustal melting is dominated by the deformation pattern of continental collision, which is mainly controlled by crustal rheological strength. The modelling results have important implications for understanding of continental subduction mode selection under specific geodynamic conditions. 相似文献
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本文在等黏态角落流模型的基础上,建立了上升离散地幔流场,将该流场作用于大陆岩石圈底部,能解释岩石圈减薄、裂解并最终形成海底扩张和张裂大陆边缘等一系列过程.数值模拟的结果表明,岩石圈在上升离散地幔流的作用下发生依赖于深度的伸展减薄,表现为不同深度的拉张因子不同,地表热流显著升高,热扰动引起的均衡调整造成地表沉降,同时热扰动造成岩石圈流变强度尤其是在变形中心处显著减小,脆性变形临界深度变浅,而韧性变形范围扩大.在上升离散地幔流的持续作用下最终导致大陆裂解,岩石圈地幔出露,形成海底扩张和张裂大陆边缘. 相似文献
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CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PREFERRED ORIENTATION(CPO) OF ANISOTROPIC MINERALS IN THE LITHOSPHERE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE STUDY OFLITHOSPHERE DYNAMICS 
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下载免费PDF全文 Seismic anisotropy has been widely used to constrain deformation and mantle flow within the upper mantle of the Earth's interior, and is mainly affected by crystallographic preferred orientation(CPO)of anisotropic mineral in lithosphere. Anisotropy of peridotites caused by deformation is the main source of seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. Olivine is the most abundant and easily deformed mineral to form CPO in peridotite, thus the CPO of olivine controls seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. Based on simple shear experiments and studies of natural peridotites deformation, several CPO types of olivine have been identified, including A, B, C, D, E and AG-type. Studies on the deformation of olivine have shown that the CPO of olivine is mainly related to stress, water content, temperature, pressure, partial melting and melt/fluid percolation. Most of the seismic anisotropy has been explained by the A-type olivine CPO in the upper mantle, which is commonly found in upper-mantle peridotites and produced by the simple shear in dry conditions. Previous studies showed that anisotropy was attributed to the CPO of mica and amphibole in the middle-lower crust. The comparison between mantle anisotropy calculated from mineral CPO and regional anisotropy deduced from geophysical methods is therefore particularly useful for interpreting the deformation mechanisms and geodynamic processes which affect the upper mantle in different tectonic units such as subduction system, continental rift and continental collision zone in the world. The paper summarizes the characteristics of CPO and anisotropy of major anisotropic minerals in the upper mantle. Taking the lithosphere mantle xenoliths in the southeastern Tibetan plateau as an example, we perform detailed studies on the microstructures and seismic anisotropy to better understand the deformation mechanisms and upper mantle anisotropy in this region. Results show that the CPO of olivine in peridotite xenoliths in southeastern Tibetan plateau are A-type and AG-type. The mechanisms proposed for the formation of AG-type are different from that for the A-type. Therefore, the occurrence of AG-type olivine CPO pattern suggests that this CPO may record a change in deformation mechanism and tectonic environment of the lithosphere in southeastern Tibetan plateau. Provided that the strong SKS(shear wave splitting)observed in southeastern Tibetan plateau results from lithosphere mantle, the lithosphere mantle in this region is expected to be at least 130km thick and characterized by vertical foliation. Considering that the thickness of lithosphere in southeastern Tibetan plateau is much less than 130km and the lithosphere mantle cannot explain the anisotropy measured by SKS, other anisotropy sources should be considered, such as anisotropy in the asthenosphere and the oriented melt pockets(MPO)in the upper mantle. Therefore, detailed study of CPO of anisotropic mineral is essential for constraining geophysical measurements and analyzing the dynamic process of the lithosphere reasonably. 相似文献
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Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JU Yiwen WANG Guiliang JIANG Bo & HOU Quanlin . Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China . College of Mineral Resources Geosciences China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(5)
For many years, the study on ductile shearing zones mainly focuses on the strain analysis and the characteristics of microcosmic structure of felsic duc-tile shearing zones in deep layers (8—10 km). Discus-sions on the process of the development of small-type and mini-size ductile shearing zones have been re-ported in recent years[1,2]. 揇uctile deformations in brittle deformation擺3] and 揵rittle deformations in ductile deformation擺4] are rather a familiar phenome-non in nature. Researchin… 相似文献
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依据地震波速得到的上地幔温度和气象台站记录的地表温度为约束,结合地表热流和热导率观测数据,利用有限元方法计算了中国大陆及邻区岩石圈三维热结构.基于此温度结果和GPS观测得到的应变率数据,以滑动摩擦、脆性破裂和蠕变三种强度机制为约束,计算得到了中国大陆及邻区岩石圈三维流变结构.结果显示:弱强度和低等效黏滞性系数的下地壳在中国大陆及邻区普遍存在,并且下地壳的流变强度和等效黏滞性系数比上地壳和岩石圈地幔一般要低1~2个数量级;中国大陆范围内青藏高原存在着厚度最大、强度最低的下地壳;青藏高原的岩石圈强度和等效黏滞性系数比华北、华南和印度板块的都要低;岩石圈流变结构的横向分布特征与重力梯度带和地形过渡带比较一致. 相似文献
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A review on the numerical geodynamic modeling of continental subduction, collision and exhumation 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
LI ZhongHai 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(1):47-69
Continental subduction and collision normally follows oceanic subduction,with the remarkable event of formation and exhumation of high-to ultra-high-pressure(HP-UHP)metamorphic rocks.Based on the summary of numerical geodynamic models,six modes of continental convergence have been identified:pure shear thickening,folding and buckling,one-sided steep subduction,flat subduction,two-sided subduction,and subducting slab break-off.In addition,the exhumation of HP-UHP rocks can be formulated into eight modes:thrust fault exhumation,buckling exhumation,material circulation,overpressure model,exhumation of a coherent crustal slice,episodic ductile extrusion,slab break-off induced eduction,and exhumation through fractured overriding lithosphere.During the transition from subduction to exhumation,the weakening and detachment of subducted continental crust are prerequisites.However,the dominant weakening mechanisms and their roles in the subduction channel are poorly constrained.To a first degree approximation,the mechanism of continental subduction and exhumation can be treated as a subduction channel flow model,which incorporates the competing effects of downward Couette(subduction)flow and upward Poiseuille(exhumation)flow in the subduction channel.However,the(de-)hydration effect plays significant roles in the deformation of subduction channel and overriding lithosphere,which thereby result in very different modes from the simple subduction channel flow.Three-dimensionality is another important issue with highlighting the along-strike differential modes of continental subduction,collision and exhumation in the same continental convergence belt. 相似文献
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本文基于GPS、断层形变等观测资料,实现华北地区构造运动有限元数值模拟,研究其现今地壳运动及形变动力学机理.结果表明,鄂尔多斯地块、华南地块、东北亚地块等周边构造块体的相对运动基本决定了华北地区现今表面运动及应力场格局.而另一方面,当考虑区域下部岩石层较快速的“拖动”作用时,表面速度场可以得到更好模拟,并同时形成共轭分布的剪应力梯度带.可见太平洋板块的俯冲作用、印-欧板块的碰撞挤压作用等可能造成岩石层深部、浅部运动差异,从而对研究区现今地壳运动产生深刻影响.此外,地形重力作用、断层分布及区域流变结构非均匀性也对现今地壳运动具有一定影响作用,但处于次要地位. 相似文献
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Underplating in the middle-lower Yangtze Valley and model of geodynamic evolution:Constraints from geophysical data 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Lü Qingtian HOU Zengqian YANG Zhusen & SHI Danian Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(7)
~~Underplating in the middle-lower Yangtze Valley and model of geodynamic evolution:Constraints from geophysical data1)East China petroleum Administration,1988(unpublished data).
1)Measurements of regional rock densities and magnetic parameters of Anhui Province(research report),Annul Geological and Mineral Bureau,1987(unpublished).
1)In this paper South China Block(SCB)includes the Yangtze block and Cathaysian block.In the Neoproterozoic the Yangtze block had been sutured to th… 相似文献