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1.
采用前人反演得到的云南禄劝地震的地震矩张量和主震及部分余震的震源机制解,以该主震震中为中心在全球CMT目录中查询到的部分地震的震源机制解,先将地震矩张量转化为震源机制解,运用精细网格搜索反演方法将震源机制解反演得到禄劝地震和其周边地区的应力场。对反演得出的两个应力场进行差异性对比研究,结果表明禄劝地震震源处主压应力场为NNW—SSE向,主压应力与主张应力相当,周边地区的主压应力方向为NW—SE,断层破裂面倾角大,以走滑正断层为主,主压应力占优势。但是由于云南地区主要由NNW—SSE和NW—SE方向的主压应力控制,并受本文所选的周边地区的经纬度及所处地区的控制,所以该区域在总体上受NW—SE方向的压应力控制,局部地区受NNW—SSE方向的压应力控制。该结果可以用来分析该地区的地震地质背景和断层形成条件,对地球动力环境的研究有一定的意义。 相似文献
2.
利用数字盒式磁带记录加速度仪组成的流动地震台网所记录的三分向近场加速度图,通过矩张量反演确定了1985年4月18日云南禄劝 Ms=6.1地震的部分余震的震源机制.以均匀半无限弹性介质的格林函数解释路径效应,并通过正演计算识别由两次积分得到的位移地震图中的直达 P 波、直达 S 波和 SP 转换波震相,然后用这些震相进行矩张量反演.反演结果表明,在解超定线性方程组时,采用适当的加权系数,可使上述直达波和转换波的理论计算值与观测值拟合得较好.尽管用以反演的三个余震大小不同(震级 ML48,3.2,3.5),震源位置也有差别,但它们的震源机制却非常接近,且与主震的震源机制相当一致.这一特征显示了余震的发生与主震发震构造的内在联系.这些实例说明,由震源球球面上分布适宜的数字地震台网取得的近场加速度资料,借助于即使是简单的介质模型,通过地震矩张量反演,不但可以得出这些地震震源的主要成份————剪切位错源,同时还可得出震源所含的其它成分,如膨胀源和补偿线性向量偶极. 相似文献
3.
Source parameters determination for earthquakes in Kushiro,Japan considering source time function 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper applies a new formulation to do moment tensor inversion for earthquakes in the Kushiro area of Japan. Comparing with conventional moment tensor inversion method, the new one takes the effect of source time function into consideration. For the inversion, best solution is obtained by minimizing the difference between the observed seismograms and the synthetic ones. And the best-fitting focal depth is determined from the variance reduction. The results indicate that half duration of source time function is proportional to the magnitude of earthquakes. Large earthquakes have long half duration, whereas that of moderate-small earthquakes is comparatively shorter. The focal mechanisms of all three earthquakes are of thrust fault type, which is mainly ascribed to the collision of the North American plate with the Eurasia plate in the late Cretaceous or Paleogene. 相似文献
4.
Determining the focal mechanism of earthquakes helps us to better define faults and understand the stress regime. This technique can be helpful in the oil and gas industry where it can be applied to microseismic events. The objective of this paper is to find double couple focal mechanisms, excluding scalar seismic moments, and the depths of small earthquakes using data from relatively few local stations. This objective is met by generating three‐component synthetic seismograms to match the observed normalized velocity seismograms. We first calculate Green's functions given an initial estimate of the earthquake's hypocentre, the locations of the seismic recording stations and a 1D velocity model of the region for a series of depths. Then, we calculate the moment tensor for different combinations of strikes, dips and rakes for each depth. These moment tensors are combined with the Green's functions and then convolved with a source time function to produce synthetic seismograms. We use a grid search to find the synthetic seismogram with the largest objective function that best fits all three components of the observed velocity seismogram. These parameters define the focal mechanism solution of an earthquake. We tested the method using three earthquakes in Southern California with moment magnitudes of 5.0, 5.1 and 4.4 using the frequency range 0.1–2.0 Hz. The source mechanisms of the events were determined independently using data from a multitude of stations. Our results obtained, from as few as three stations, generally match those obtained by the Southern California Earthquake Data Center. The main advantage of this method is that we use relatively high‐frequency full‐waveforms, including those from short‐period instruments, which makes it possible to find the focal mechanism and depth of earthquakes using as few as three stations when the velocity structure is known. 相似文献
5.
震源机制解,即对地震矩张量的推断,对于地震研究具有至关重要的意义.应变地震观测是张量观测,与摆式地震仪的位移矢量观测不同,可以为地震研究提供新的数据源.本文讨论用应变地震观测求解震源矩张量的基本原理.在距离震源足够远的地方,地震波可以看成平面波,其性质决定于震源矩张量.假设平面地震波的应变张量可以由震源矩张量通过坐标变换计算得到,就可以通过观测应变地震波求解震源机制.这个假设至少对于双力偶震源机制是成立的.由此可以证明,在理想的无限介质中,只要有两个以上不同地点的应变地震波观测,就可以解出震源矩张量.这为解决震源机制问题提供了新的方法.目前的地震矩张量求解方法需要两方面的条件:或者需要很多观测点(例如体波反演),或者需要长周期地震波资料(例如面波反演).这些方法只适用于分析比较大的地震.对于小震,因为通常其震中周围不会有足够多的摆式地震仪观测点观测到其地震波,而地震波周期又短,难以利用传统方法给出可靠的震源机制解,所以只需少数观测点就能求解震源矩张量的新方法特别有意义.用应变地震观测求解震源机制,可以给出更为精确的结果. 相似文献
6.
Jiangchuan Ni Yuntai Chen Ming Wang Mingxi Wu Jiayu Zhou Peide Wang Francis T. Wu 《地震学报(英文版)》1992,5(3):459-467
Based on the three component accelerograms, recorded at near-field distance by a temporary seismic network consisting of digital
cassette tape recording accelerographs, the focal mechanisms of three aftershocks of the April 18, 1985, Luquan, Yunnan Province,
China, earthquake ofM
S=6.1, are calculated using seismic moment tensor inversion technique. The phases of direct P, S and converted SP waves in
the displacement seismograms, produced by twice integrations of the observed accelerograms, are identified via forward calculation
using Green’s functions for homogeneous semi-infinite elastic medium, and used in the inversion. The results of inversion
show that a better fit of synthetic to the observed seismograms of direct as well as converted phases can be achieved if appropriate
weighting functions are used in solving the over definite linear equations. While these aftershocks are of different magnitudes
(M
L=4.8, 3.2 and 3.5, respectively) and hypocentral locations, their focal mechanisms are very similar and consistent with that
of the main shock. This feature demonstrates the intrinsic correlation between the occurrence of aftershocks and the seismogenic
fault of main shock. Our experimentations show that using the near field accelerogram obtained from the digital seismic network
with appropriate azimuthal coverage on the focal sphere, with the aid of even simple medium model, not only the shear dislocation
source, but also the isotropic part and CLVD (compensated linear vector dipole) can be retrieved by the technique of moment
tensor inversion.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 412–419, 1991.
This work is supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Sciences Foundation and the Western Yunnan Earthquake Prediction
Test Site (WYEPTS), State Seismological Bureau. 相似文献
7.
A simple source inversion scheme for displacement seismograms recorded at short distances 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
We have implemented and tested a simple inversionscheme to retrieve source parameters of small andmoderate earthquakes recorded at close distances. Theinversion assumes that such events may be approximatedby a point-source shear dislocation, and the mediummay be considered an infinite space. Theoreticalseismograms used in the inversion include near- andintermediate-field contributions. The effect of freesurface is approximately taken into account bymultiplying the infinite-space synthetics by two. Thelocation of the event is assumed to be known. Based onan examination of the data, the user chooses thelength of the record and the weight of each trace tobe used in the inversion. The shape of the source-timefunction is estimated from the observed seismograms.A grid search is performed to determine the focalmechanism and the seismic moment which minimizes theerror between the observed and the syntheticseismograms. For two or more recordings, the inversiongives a solution which is consistent with thefirst-motion data and/or the moment tensor inversionof regional seismic waves. If only a singlethree-component recording is available then theinversion yields more than one equally acceptablefocal mechanisms. In such cases, the first-motionpolarities or a prior knowledge of the tectonics ofthe region is essential to constrain the solution. Thetest of the method on near-source broadband recordingsof small and moderate earthquakes in Mexico and theaftershock sequence of 1997 Umbria-Marche, Italy showsthat it gives fast, and surprisingly robust andreliable estimation of source parameters. 相似文献
8.
During the period of 1999~2002, the Chinese seismologists made a serious of developments in the study on seismic sources including observations, experiments and theory. In the field of observation, the methods of the accuracy location of earthquake sources, the inversion of seismic moment tensor and the mechanism of earthquake source are improved and developed. A lot of important earthquake events are studied by using these methods. The rupture processes of these events are inverted and investigated combined with the local stress fields and the tectonic moment by using the measurements of surface deformation. In the fields of experiments and theory, many developments are obtained in cause of seismic formation, condition of stress and tectonics, dynamics of earthquake rupture, rock fracture and nucleation of strong earthquakes. 相似文献
9.
During the period of 1999-2002, the Chinese seismologists made a serious of developments in the study on seis-mic sources including observations, experiments and theory. In the field of observation, the methods of the accu-racy location of earthquake sources, the inversion of seismic moment tensor and the mechanism of earthquake source are improved and developed. A lot of important earthquake events are studied by using these methods. The rupture processes of these events are inverted and investigated combined with the local stress fields and the tec-tonic moment by using the measurements of surface deformation. In the fields of experiments and theory, many developments are obtained in cause of seismic formation, condition of stress and tectonics, dynamics of earthquake rupture, rock fracture and nucleation of strong earthquakes. 相似文献
10.
A MS8.0 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, on May 12, 2008, and subsequently, numerous aftershocks followed. We obtained the moment tensor solutions and source time functions (STFs) for the Wenchuan earthquake and its seven larger aftershocks (MS5.0～6.0) by a new technique of moment tensor inversion using the broadband and long-period seismic waveform data from the Global Seismic Network (GSN). Firstly, the theoretical background and technical flow of the new technique was briefly introduced, and an aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence was employed to illustrate the real procedure for inverting the moment tensor; secondly, the moment tensor solutions and STFs of the eight events, including the main shock, were presented, and finally, the interpretation of the results was made. The agreement of our results with the GCMT results indicates the new approach is efficient and feasible. By using this approach, not only the moment tensor solution can be obtained but also the STF can be retrieved; the inverted STFs indicate that the source rupture process may be complicated even for the moderate earthquakes. The inverted focal mechanisms of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence show that the most of the aftershocks occurred in the main faults of the Longmenshan fault zone with predominantly thrustingwith minor right-lateral strike-slip component, but some of them may have occurred in the subfaults with strike-slip faulting in the vicinity of the main faults. 相似文献
11.
Theoretical calculations are made to study the observability of isotropic components of seismic sources. In particular we consider the 1970 deep Colombian earthquake, for which a precursory isotropic component was previously reported by Gilbert and Dziewonski.We compare an ultra-long period vertical record at Pasadena of the 1970 event to synthetic seismograms calculated both for Gilbert and Dziewonski's source model and for the pure double-couple source of Furumoto and Fukao, and obtain better overall agreement for the latter. The amplitude of the long-period synthetic for the isotropic source is about 5–15 times smaller than the synthetic for the deviatoric source, suggesting that the data may be relatively insensitive to the presence of a small isotropic source. When this possibility was tested, the overall agreement was found to be almost completely insensitive to the presence of even a reasonably large isotropic component.However, the isotropic source was derived from multi-station moment tensor inversion, rather than from single-station studies. A numerical experiment on the effect of lateral heterogeneity of eigenfrequencies and of Q on the inversion for the moment tensor shows that even relatively small amounts of heterogeneity can produce spurious isotropic sources from moment tensor inversion. 相似文献
12.
The main goal of this study is to provide moment tensor solutions for small and moderate earthquakes of the 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence (central Italy). The analysis was performed by using data coming from the permanent Italian seismic network run by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and the “Cut And Paste” (CAP) method based on broadband waveform inversion. Focal mechanisms, source depths and moment magnitudes are determined through a grid search technique. By allowing time shifts between synthetics and observed data the CAP method reduces dependence of the solution on the assumed velocity model and on earthquake location. We computed seismic moment tensors for 312 earthquakes having local magnitude in the range between 2.7 and 5.9. The CAP method has made possible to considerably expand the database of focal mechanisms from waveform analysis in the lowest magnitude range (i.e. in the neighborhood of magnitude 3) without overlooking the reliability of results. The obtained focal mechanisms generally show NW–SE striking focal planes in agreement with mapped faults in the region. Comparisons with the already published solutions and with seismological and geological information available allowed us to proper interpret the moment tensor solutions in the frame of the seismic sequence evolution and also to furnish additional information about less energetic seismic phases. Focal data were inverted to obtain the seismogenic stress in the study area. Results are compatible with the major tectonic domain. We also obtained a relation between moment and local magnitude suitable for the area and for the available magnitude range. 相似文献
13.
S. N. Bhattacharya 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(5):909-928
We consider nine earthquakes in the Koyna-Warna reservoir region on the western side of the Peninsular India. The deviatoric
moment tensors of these earthquakes have been evaluated by minimizing the least-squares misfit between observed and synthetic
seismograms. We use broadband seismograms of observatories at KARD and PUNE which are at distances of nearly 50 and 150 km,
respectively, from the epicenters. Both surface wave inversion and the difference between the arrival times of SH and SV show
the presence of an anisotropic crust. However, we have obtained an equivalent isotropic structure by improving the published
crustal structures of this area through inversion of surface wave group velocity data. The deviatoric moment tensors of the
earthquakes are decomposed into two components: double-couple and compensated linear vector dipoles (CLVD). The double-couple
components of all the nine earthquakes show normal faulting with minor strike slip; the T axis is consistently subhorizontal
with an average azimuth of 260.6° and the P axis is nearly vertical. The fault planes of six events give average strike direction
and dip, respectively as 194.0° and 51.8° and are associated with the main fault of the area. The other three events lie in
the southern part of this area and have strike direction between SSE and SE which is parallel to the tectonic features in
this part. The CLVD component is generally within 20 percent of the total moment tensor. Recent studies show that anisotropy
can produce source mechanism with CLVD up to 30 percent and can also cause high pore fluid pressure leading to fault instability
more rapidly compared to conventional mechanism in an isotropic medium. It appears that the anisotropic crust, noted in the
present work, is generating the CLVD component and also gives the proper environment to trigger earthquakes by reservoirs
through pore fluid pressure. 相似文献
14.
A MS8.0 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, on May 12, 2008, and subsequently, numerous aftershocks followed. We obtained the moment tensor solutions and source time functions (STFs) for the Wenchuan earthquake and its seven larger aftershocks (MS5.0~6.0) by a new technique of moment tensor inversion using the broadband and long-period seismic waveform data from the Global Seismic Network (GSN). Firstly, the theoretical background and technical flow of the new technique was briefly introduced, and an aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence was employed to illustrate the real procedure for inverting the moment tensor; secondly, the moment tensor solutions and STFs of the eight events, including the main shock, were presented, and finally, the interpretation of the results was made. The agreement of our results with the GCMT results indicates the new approach is efficient and feasible. By using this approach, not only the moment tensor solution can be obtained but also the STF can be retrieved; the inverted STFs indicate that the source rupture process may be com-plicated even for the moderate earthquakes. The inverted focal mechanisms of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence show that the most of the aftershocks occurred in the main faults of the Longmenshan fault zone with predomi-nantly thrustingwith minor right-lateral strike-slip component, but some of them may have occurred in the sub-faults with strike-slip faulting in the vicinity of the main faults. 相似文献
15.
本文讨论了利用国际部署加速度仪台网(IDA)的超长周期瑞雷波记录,反演震源参数的有关理论和方法.对于震源深度大于30km的地震,地震矩张量的五个元素都可以测定;对于浅源(h30km)地震,其中两个元素变为无解[1,2,3].本文以1984年5月21日南黄海浅源地震为例,研究了在浅震难题的情况下,如何更多地提取震源信息的问题,测定了主震的断层机制为:走向北35西,倾角52,滑动方向54,地震矩为1.21018Nm,压应力主轴方向为北74.4东,是一个走向北北西的左旋逆断层.本文还阐述了分布源模型问题。结果表明,采用分布源与采用点源模型对南黄海这种中强地震反演结果的影响不大.分析了震源有限性问题,提出了进行修正的一种明确表达式. 相似文献
16.
谱震级是表征地震强弱的量度,是地震学研究中的一个重要的地震参数。在地震预测和工程地震研究中具有重要的实际意义。谱震级测定还可得到地震辐射的能量,再通过和标量地震矩的比较,可以估计地震震源处的视应力,而视应力也是震源物理研究中一个重要的物理量。考虑到我国地震台网分布不均匀的情况,本文尝试利用单台的宽频带波形资料进行谱震级的测定。选用CDSN昆明地震台(KMI)记录的近震宽频带波形资料,分析地震图垂直分量上的P波,采用 Duda等人提出的谱震级的测定方法,改进并提出了一种能够利用宽频带波形资料,直接用速度谱值测定地震谱震级的方法。所得谱震级结果与ISC给出的Ms震级对比后,发现相差不大;所得的能量结果与NEIC用远震体波测得的能量结果具有较好的一致性。用同样的方法,将来还可对不同地区更小的地震进行谱震级的测定,这无疑对地震学的进一步研究很有帮助。 相似文献
17.
An Ms6.8 strong earthquake took place in Jiashi, Xinjiang on February 24 of 2003. The digital wave form data recorded in Kashi and Wushi stations are selected to inverse the moment tensor solutions for the strong earthquake and the moderate and small earthquakes before and after it （ 108 earthquakes in 2001 - 2004）. 67 focal mechanism solutions have been calculated, and the results agree with those from Harvard University and USGS. The analysis reveals that before the strong earthquake, the moderate and small earthquake distribution was dispersed, and after the event the distribution was mainly concentrated around the strong earthquake. Before the strong earthquake, the seismic faults of the mid and small events had the character of strike-slip and normal faulting, and after the event, they exhibit strike-slip and thrust faulting. The region is dominated by near-NS horizontal compression from the southern block after the strong earthquake. 相似文献
18.
The main goal of this study is to provide moment tensor solutions for small and moderate earthquakes of the Matese seismic sequence in southern Italy for the period of December 2013–January 2014. We estimate the focal mechanisms of 31 earthquakes with local magnitudes related to the Matese earthquake seismic sequence (December 2013–January 2014) in Southern-Central Italy which are recorded by the broadband stations of the Italian National Seismic Network and the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) run by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The solutions show that normal faulting is the prevailing style of seismic deformation in agreement with the local faults mapped out in the area. Comparisons with already published solutions and with seismological and geological information available allowed us to properly interpret the moment tensor solutions in the frame of the seismic sequence evolution and also to furnish additional information about less energetic seismic phases. Focal data were inverted to obtain the seismogenic stress in the study area. The results are compatible with the major tectonic domain of the area. 相似文献
19.
20.
分析矿震破裂机制及微震的时空分布能够为矿区灾害评估提供更多的有效信息.本研究基于密集台阵观测对2019年11月12日辽宁抚顺2.4级矿震开展震源参数研究,震源机制解显示地震破裂包含明显的非双力偶分量,表现为体积压缩的塌陷机制,且震源深度较浅,最佳拟合矩心深度为0.6 km.同时,对11月3日—25日记录的连续地震波形开展微震扫描,新检测出324个微震事件(-0.5~2.0级),定位结果显示在M 2.4矿震发生前M>1.0级事件显著增多,且在矿震位置存在近南北向的微震条带分布,微震序列随时间向深部迁移(约1.5 km),暗示存在断层活化迹象.结合震源破裂机制,我们认为此次事件与矿区塌陷破裂密切相关,同时伴随先存断裂的剪切滑动.本研究表明,基于密集台阵观测的地震矩张量反演和微震检测研究,对判定矿震类型及防范矿区灾害具有重要的研究意义. 相似文献