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膜结构风振中流固耦合效应的数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对膜结构风致振动中的流固耦合效应进行了数值模拟研究。采用数值模拟方法中的强耦合整体方法,引入伪实体模型,通过伪实体模型方程,流体方程与结构方程的隐式弱形式来构成整个体系的强耦和整体式方程。采用该方法对双坡型膜结构在考虑和不考虑耦合效应下的风振响应等重要参数进行了计算分析,并将计算结果与已有风洞试验结果进行对比,结果符合良好。同时计算了结构周围空气的风速矢量、压力场分布,得到了空气流体场的变化规律。结果表明采用强耦合整体方法计算所得的解具有很好的收敛性,可以较准确地预测膜结构的风致动力响应。 相似文献
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为了分析火灾下多高层钢结构的破坏机理,考察多高层钢结构在火灾下的反应规律,基于ABAQUS建立了整体钢结构的火灾反应数值模型,对不同层数的钢结构以及相同结构不同火场位置的钢结构进行了数值模拟分析,计算了局部火灾条件下钢结构的变形与破坏过程,分析了钢结构在火灾和荷载共同作用下的破坏机理,探讨了局部火灾对整体结构的影响范围与因素,给出了钢结构在高度和荷载变化时的破坏规律并分析了引起这种破坏规律的原因。 相似文献
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吸力锚基础海上安装方便、定位精确且具有较大上拔承载力,可作为张力腿平台的系泊基础,在深水油气工程应用广泛。服役过程中,作用在吸力锚基础上的荷载一般为一定预张力上的单向循环动力作用,动力荷载可分为波频荷载和二阶低频慢漂荷载,其中波频荷载的幅值较小但周期短,低频荷载幅值较大但周期较长。本文建立多孔介质海床中吸力锚在定常力基础上承受循环上拔荷载的有限元模型,对锚体周围的孔压响应特性进行数值计算与分析,重点分析比较波频荷载和低频慢漂荷载作用下的振荡和残余孔压的变化趋势与影响范围。研究表明,循环上拔荷载作用下吸力锚外侧浅层土体孔压累积显著,降低土体有效应力,弱化筒壁-土体摩擦阻力,有可能引起吸力锚失效模式的转化;循环荷载的幅值和周期都将对孔压响应的大小和分布造成一定影响。 相似文献
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运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力有限元软件建立了包含网壳杆件、檩托、檩条、铆钉、屋面板在内的精细化K8型单层球面网壳有限元模型,通过选择考虑材料应变率效应的钢材本构关系,采用流固耦合算法并考虑构件相互碰撞影响,对结构在外部爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟,获得了TNT炸药当量、爆炸点距离、杆件截面、矢跨比、支承条件、屋面板厚度、屋面荷载及屋面板形式等参数对结构动力响应的影响规律,可为网壳抗爆防护设计提供参考。网壳结构在外部爆炸荷载作用下,随着各参数取值的变化,存在"完好无损、局部凹陷、局部破坏、整体倒塌"四种破坏类型。 相似文献
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《四川地震》2016,(1)
为进一步揭示青藏高原东北缘区特殊构造应力场特征并探索其形成原因,本文在分析前人有关该地区构造应力场特征的基础上,依据活动块体构造单元划分原则及活动断裂分布规律建立地质模型,采用有限元数值软件MSC.Marc子程序FORCEN语句,并结合区域动力地质背景定义边界荷载,采用二维有限元数值方法计算模拟了青藏高原东北缘区现代构造应力场并对其特征进行了成因分析。通过模拟获得了研究区构造应力场分布特征及其变化规律,其结果与前人研究结论一致性很好。研究表明区内最大主应力矢量在空间位置(由北西至南东)上发生顺时针偏转是两种因素共同作用的结果:第一,印度板块由南向北的推挤作用逐渐减弱;第二,在青藏地块北东向推挤与阿拉善及鄂尔多斯地块边界阻挡的作用下,研究区内地壳物质发生纵向压缩横向流动并向东南方向逃逸挤出。 相似文献
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采用一个描述饱和砂土中固相颗粒和液相流体耦合的离散元数值模型,固相颗粒采用离散元的颗粒流理论(PFC)模拟,液相流体通过求解平均Navier-Stokes方程的计算流体动力学(CFD)技术计算.采用上述模犁数值模拟了在地震荷载作用液化场地的加速度、剪应力、剪应变时程以及超孔隙水压力和土层表面位移的发展过程.数值模拟结果... 相似文献
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为了研究环境因素对机场大跨度悬挂网壳结构风荷载分布特性的影响，通过在SST k-ω湍流模型的基础上结合CFD技术对悬挂网格结构进行风洞试验数值模拟，验证了数值模拟方法的准确性并对比研究了周边建筑、围护结构、地势高低与支撑结构等不同环境因素下悬挂网壳风荷载分布规律，发现：周边建筑可以对风荷载起到遮挡效果，降低网壳表面风压，遮挡效果随着夹角的增大逐渐衰弱；有围护结构的封闭式悬挂网壳较开放式悬挂网壳存在更大的风压梯度，在一定程度上可以提高结构承风能力，但对于非规则网壳结构无规律可循，故在实际工程中，需根据情况具体分析；随着悬挂网壳结构所处地势高度的增加，其受到风压的影响程度有一定的增幅，但当地势变化差异不大时，结构受风扰动不明显；拱梁对结构表面风压分布趋势影响较小，对风荷载起到了遮挡作用，可以降低悬挂网壳结构风压系数值。 相似文献
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土石坝振动台模型试验颗粒流数值模拟分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前一般采用振动台试验、离心振动台试验和有限元动力分析来获得土石坝在设计地震荷载作用下的形态和抗震性能。本文结合孔宪京等的土石坝振动台试验结果开展了颗粒流细观数值模拟研究,克服了传统连续介质力学的宏观连续性假设,形象而直观地表现出坝体在动力荷载作用下的破坏特征。数值模拟规律与振动台试验规律基本一致。同时还分析了坝体颗粒粘结强度和地震峰值加速度变化对坝体破坏特征的影响。数值结果表明,当颗粒间粘结强度较低时,表现为坝体表面颗粒的滑动破坏,粘结强度稍大时,会出现局部的小块颗粒团整体滑动破坏;随着峰值加速度的增大,坝顶沉降量在增大,坝体破坏特征不变。 相似文献
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爆炸荷载作用下钢柱的动力响应与影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,建立钢柱有限元模型,模拟爆炸荷载作用下钢柱的动力响应,并对影响钢柱动力响应的主要因素进行数值分析。考虑了不同爆炸荷载、材料失效应变、单元网格密度、柱高、柱截面尺寸和柱承担的轴向压力等参数的影响。通过对钢柱动力响应时程曲线进行分析,研究爆炸荷载作用下钢柱响应特性及其破坏机理;通过分析,得到各参数对其动力响应的影响规律。分析结果表明：增大柱的截面尺寸,能够降低柱跨中水平位移;增大柱截面高度,能有效地提高钢框架柱的抗爆承载力;在钢柱抗爆设计中,应控制其所承受的轴向压力大小,轴压比值不宜超过0.3。 相似文献
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Inter‐annual variation in the topographic controls on catchment‐scale snow distribution in a maritime alpine catchment,New Zealand 
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下载免费PDF全文 Seasonal snow is a globally important water resource that contributes substantially to upland and lowland water resources. As such, there is a need to understand the controls on the spatial and temporal variation in snow distribution. This study meets this research need by investigating the topographic controls on snow depth distribution in the upper Jollie catchment in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Furthermore, inter‐annual variation in the importance of the topographic controls is examined and linked to variation in the dominant synoptic‐scale weather patterns over a 4‐year period (2007–2010). Through the use of regression trees, the relative importance of the topographic controls on snow depth was shown to vary between the four study years. In particular, elevation explained the greatest amount of variance in 2007 and 2008 and east‐exposure explained the greatest variance in 2009 and 2010. The other wind exposure variables also had a large effect on the snow depth distribution in 2009 and 2010. Differences in the frequency and duration of synoptic weather patterns were physically consistent with the changing importance of these variables. In particular, a higher frequency of troughing events in 2009 and 2010 is thought to be associated with a reduced importance of elevation and greater influence of wind exposure on snow depth in these years. These findings demonstrate the importance of using multi‐year data sets, and of considering topographic and climatic influences, when attempting to model alpine snow distribution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Multivariate statistical analysis was used to explore relationships between catchment topography and spatial variability in snow accumulation and melt processes in a small headwater catchment in the Spanish Pyrenees. Manual surveys of snow depth and density provided information on the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) and its depletion over the course of the 1997 and 1998 melt seasons. A number of indices expressing the topographic control on snow processes were extracted from a detailed digital elevation model of the catchment. Bivariate screening was used to assess the relative importance of these topographic indices in controlling snow accumulation at the start of the melt season, average melt rates and the timing of snow disappearance. This suggested that topographic controls on the redistribution of snow by wind are the most important influence on snow distribution at the start of the melt season. Furthermore, it appeared that spatial patterns of snow disappearance were largely determined by the distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) at the start of the melt season, rather than by spatial variability in melt rates during the melt season. Binary regression tree models relating snow depth and disappearance date to terrain indices were then constructed. These explained 70–80% of the variance in the observed data. As well as providing insights into the influence of topography on snow processes, it is suggested that the techniques presented herein could be used in the parameterization of distributed snowmelt models, or in the design of efficient stratified snow surveys. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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An experimental study of water fluxes from roofs in a residential area has quantified water fluxes from different types of roof and identified the major controls on the process. Roofs with pitches of 0°, 22° and 50° and orientations of 15° (from true north) (NNE) and 103° (ESE) were selected. A novel automatic system for monitoring has been developed. Noticeable differences in rainfall, runoff and evaporation were found for different roof slopes, aspects and heights. Depending on height, flat roofs collected 90 to 99% of rainfall recorded at ground level. Roofs with a 22° slope; facing south‐south‐west (i.e. facing the prevailing wind) captured most rain, whereas east‐south‐east facing roofs with slopes of 50° received the least. Depending on the roof slope, the average rainfall captured ranged from 62 to 93% of that at ground level. For the same slope, the results indicated that from roofs orientated normal to the prevailing wind; (i) captured rainfall was higher, (ii) evaporation was higher and (iii) runoff was less than that from roofs having other aspects. Monthly variations in the runoff–rainfall ratio followed the rainfall distribution, being lowest in summer and highest in winter. The highest mean ratio (0·91) was associated with the steeper roof slope; the lowest ratio (0·61) was for roofs facing the prevailing wind direction. For the same amount of rainfall, the runoff generated from a steeper roof was significantly higher than that generated by a moderate roof slope, but the lowest runoff was from roofs facing the prevailing wind. The results have also shown that the amount of runoff collected (under UK climatic condition) was sufficient to supply an average household in the studied area with the major part of its annual water requirements. The use of this water not only represents a financial gain for house owners but also will help protect the environment by reducing demand on water resources through the reduction of groundwater abstraction, construction of new reservoirs, and a reduction of the flood risk as its in situ use is considered a preventive measure known as a source control. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The wind-induced responses of a large-scale membrane structure, Expo Boulevard, are evaluated in this study. To obtain the wind pressure distribution on the roof surface, a wind tunnel test is performed. A brief analysis of wind pressure on the membrane roof is conducted first and then an analysis of the wind-induced responses of the structure is carried out using a numerical integral method in the time domain. In the process of calculation, the geometrical nonlinearity is taken into account. Results indicate that mean, RSM and peak values of the structure responses increase nonlinearly while the approaching flow velocity increases. Strong nonlinear characteristics are observed in the displacement responses, whereas the responses of nodal stress and cable axial force show minimal nonlinear properties when the membrane structure is subjected to wind loads. Different values of the damping ratio only have a minimal impact on the RSM response of the structure because the background component is a dominant part of the total dynamic response and the resonant component is too small. As the damping ratio increases from 0.02 to 0.05, the RMS responses of vertical displacement, nodal stress and cable axial force decrease by 8.1%, 6.7% and 17.9%, respectively. Since the mean component plays a significant role in the wind-induced response, the values of the gust response factor are not high for Expo Boulevard. 相似文献
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Grouping response method for equivalent static wind loads based on a modified LRC method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wind loading is one of the most important loads for controlling the design of large-span roof structures.Equivalent static wind loads,which can generally aim at determining a specific response,are wid... 相似文献
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积雪是西北干旱地区河流的主要补给源,是绿洲的生命线.积雪的时空变化是全球变化的区域响应敏感因子之一,同时也是影响西北干旱地区地表水资源变化的主要因子之一.本研究利用MODIS雪盖产品、地表温度、SSM/I雪深、DEM等数据,通过GIS空间分析及地统计分析功能,系统分析了博斯腾湖流域雪盖、雪深的时空变化规律及其与影响因素之间的关系.研究表明,研究区雪深和雪盖多年月平均值从8月份到1月份达到最大值,到7月份降到最低值.但月最大雪深却出现在3月份.雪盖、雪深与地温相关系数分别达到-0.878、-0.853,与分布高程均值相关系数分别达到-0.626和-0.791.雪深最大值受海拔影响有明显的陡坎效应.从12月到8月份随着时间的推移雪的深度在降低,陡坎向高海拔方向移动.9-11月份雪深在加深,陡坎向低海拔方向移动.同一高程段雪深的变幅反应坡向对雪深的影响,变幅越宽坡向影响越大.并且变幅也有先从低海拔到高海拔移动,然后再回到低海拔的特点.本研究对了解该研究区积雪特性的研究有很大作用,可为在该地区开展融雪径流模拟等研究提供重要的参考信息. 相似文献
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The spatio‐temporal distribution of snow in a catchment during ablation reflects changes in the total amount of snow water equivalent and is thus a key parameter for the estimation of melt water run‐off. This study explores possible rules behind the spatial variability of snow depth during the ablation season in a small Alpine catchment with complex topography. The snow depth observations are based on more than 160 000 terrestrial laser scanner data points with a spatial resolution of 1 m, which were obtained from 11 scanning campaigns of two consecutive ablation seasons. The analysis suggests that for estimating cumulative snow melt dynamics from the catchment investigated, assessing the initial snow distribution prior to the melt season is more important than addressing spatial differences in the melt behaviour. Snow volume and snow‐covered area could be predicted well using a conceptual melt model assuming spatially uniform melt rates. However, accurate results were only obtained if the model was initialized with a pre‐melt snow distribution that reflected measured mean and standard deviation. Using stratified melt rates on the other hand did not improve the model results. At least for sites with similar meteorological and topographical conditions, the model approach presented here comprises an efficient way to estimate snow depletion dynamics, especially if persistent snow accumulation pattern between years facilitate the characterization of the initial snow distribution prior to the melt. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal distribution of snow accumulation is complex and significantly influences the hydrological characteristics of mountain catchments. Many snow redistribution processes, such as avalanching, slushflow or wind drift, are controlled by topography, but their modelling remains challenging. In situ measurements of snow accumulation are laborious and generally have a coarse spatial or temporal resolution. In this respect, time‐lapse photography shows itself as a powerful tool for collecting information at relatively low cost and without the need for direct field access. In this paper, the snow accumulation distribution of an Alpine catchment is inferred by adjusting a simple snow accumulation model combined with a temperature index melt model to match the modelled melt‐out pattern evolution to the pattern monitored during an ablation season through terrestrial oblique photography. The comparison of the resulting end‐of‐winter snow water equivalent distribution with direct measurements shows that the achieved accuracy is comparable with that obtained with an inverse distance interpolation of the point measurements. On average over the ablation season, the observed melt‐out pattern can be reproduced correctly in 93% of the area visible from the fixed camera. The relations between inferred snow accumulation distribution and topographic variables indicate large scatter. However, a significant correlation with local slope is found and terrain curvature is detected as a factor limiting the maximal snow accumulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Jesús Revuelto Paul Billecocq François Tuzet Bertrand Cluzet Maxim Lamare Fanny Larue Marie Dumont 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5384-5401
The small scale distribution of the snowpack in mountain areas is highly heterogeneous, and is mainly controlled by the interactions between the atmosphere and local topography. However, the influence of different terrain features in controlling variations in the snow distribution depends on the characteristics of the study area. As this leads to uncertainties in high spatial resolution snowpack simulations, a deeper understanding of the role of terrain features on the small scale distribution of snow depth is required. This study applied random forest algorithms to investigate the temporal evolution of snow depth in complex alpine terrain using as predictors various topographical variables and in situ snow depth observations at a single location. The high spatial resolution (1 m x 1 m) snow depth distribution database used in training and evaluating the random forests was derived from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) devices at three study sites, in the French Alps (2 sites) and the Spanish Pyrenees (1 site). The results show the major importance of two topographic variables, the topographic position index and the maximum upwind slope parameter. For these variables the search distances and directions depended on the characteristics of each site and the TLS acquisition date, but are consistent across sites and are tightly related to main wind directions. The weight of the different topographic variables on explaining snow distribution evolves while major snow accumulation events still take place and minor changes are observed after reaching the annual snow accumulation peak. Random forests have demonstrated good performance when predicting snow distribution for the sites included in the training set with R2 values ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 and mean absolute errors always below 0.4 m. Oppositely, this algorithm failed when used to predict snow distribution for sites not included in the training set, with mean absolute errors above 0.8 m. 相似文献