共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 155 毫秒
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应用三维地震资料方差体识别断层技术,对南华北盆地沈丘凹陷三维地震资料新近系中部强反射界面进行综合解释,明确三门峡-鲁山-淮南断裂带沈丘凹陷段,即娄堤断裂在新构造时期的断裂运动模式及几何学特征,该断裂带在浅层为一组NWW向排列的雁列状走滑断裂,在纵向剖面上向深部收敛,呈陡立状下切,错断12 km左右滑脱面,具有潜在破坏性地震风险。 相似文献
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从两个地表破裂点的几何学与运动学特征分析汶川地震的破裂方式 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
汶川MS8.0地震的地表破裂出现在中央和前山2条断裂上,分别形成了235km和72km长的地震地表破裂带,而且地表破裂表现出复杂的几何学和运动学特征。文中选取了中央断裂上虹口乡桐麻坎和擂鼓镇石岩村2个地表破裂点,通过几何学与运动学特征分析其地表破裂方式。桐麻坎的白沙河河床上4条右阶斜列的主破裂西南侧发育了一条反冲断层坎,精细地形测量反映出了破裂带内的断块特征与破裂过程中的地表掀斜;擂鼓镇石岩村逆冲破裂前缘的2条次级断层形成叠瓦式结构,地貌上表现为挠曲和其上部的地震鼓包。该两点地表破裂的几何学、运动学特征分析表明,本次地震在龙门山中央断裂上的破裂方式以逆冲为主,兼有右旋走滑。这一结果与美国地质调查局、哈佛大学和中国地震台网中心提供的震源机制解基本一致。此外,桐麻坎和石岩村横切破裂带的地形剖面显示出不同的地表掀斜方向,这种不一致主要由于前者位于断裂挠曲后缘,后者位于断裂挠曲前缘 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(2)
武威盆地南缘断裂位于河西走廊东端,是祁连山北缘逆断裂系的重要组成部分,是1927年古浪8级地震的发震断裂之一。基于遥感影像解译、野外地质观测和14C年代学数据等方法对武威盆地南缘断裂进行了详细的几何学调查和运动学定量。依据平面上几何展布的不连续性和走向的变化,该断裂可以分为5段:康宁桥段(F_1)、南营河段(F_2)、上古城村—张流沟段(F_3)、他家庄段(F_4)和严家庄段(F_5)。该断裂为晚更新世以来活动断裂,地表活动形迹长约60km,以逆冲为主,局部兼具左旋走滑分量,沿断层走向断错地貌发育。断裂全新世以来的垂直滑动速率(0.44±0.08)mm/a,南营河段(F_2)晚更新世以来左旋走滑速率(1.43±0.08)mm/a。 相似文献
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黄陵地块内部北西向雾渡河断裂的再研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阐述了黄陵地块内部北西向雾度河断裂的几何学分段、运动方式和剩余变特征，指出晚更新世以来雾渡河断裂可能较为稳定。在暂不考虑全断层同时滑破的前提下，分段计算各段潜在地震强度为５．０≤Ｍ≤６．０。 相似文献
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研究地震和岩石破裂现象的非线性科学方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以地震孕育和岩石破裂过程的阶段(包括裂纹系形成、变形局部化和断层形成、断层活动和松弛)为线索,阐述了非线性科学方法(包括分形几何学,自组织临界现象和混沌动力学)的应用,提出了地震孕育过程和岩石破裂各阶段的普适性特征、机理和要着重研究的课题. 相似文献
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本文根据Okubo等人测量圣安德烈斯断层系所用的复盖维数法,对海原断层系进行了分形测量,求出海原断层系的整体维数D_0=1.137,其景泰段D_0=1.109,海原段D_0=1.182。计算中未得到邵家水段和李使堡段的分维数。此外,文中还着重探讨了断层几何与地震活动性及其力学环境的关系,进一步证明了自相似断层的几何复杂性与地震活动密切相关,剪切断裂带具较低分维数(1.1—1.3),而在张性环境中形成的断裂体系具较高的分维数(1.5—1.6)。最后本文讨论了断层迹线图等因素对分形测量精度的影响。 相似文献
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活动断裂带中地震时空分布的信息维 D1避免了容量维 D0的缺陷,考虑了每一地震事件对信息所作的贡献,从新的角度反映了地震分布时空结构特征.计算表明,炉霍大震前鲜水河断裂带地震分布时间结构信息维 D1=0.1051,这是该区大震活动的一个参考性判据.安宁河断裂带十七年现今地震分布时间结构信息维:北段,D1（tN）=0.1363;南段,D1（tS）=0.06710.地震空间分布信息维:北段,D1（KN）=1.053;南段,D1（Ks）=0.7758.南北两段分属信息维维数不同的两个自相似系统.南段地震活动自组织程度较高.这有助于强震重点监测区内主要危险段的判定地震时空分布 D1特征探索对于活断层研究以及地震预报都有一定的意义. 相似文献
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Fractal dimension of fault systems in Japan: Fractal structure in rock fracture geometry at various scales 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Takayuki Hirata 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,131(1-2):157-170
Based on fault maps, whether or not the fracture geometry of rocks is self-similar, was examined by using a box-counting algorithm. The statistical self-similarity (fractal structure) of the fault fracture systems holds well at the scale of about 2 to 20 km. The fractal dimension in Japan varied from 1.05 to 1.60. The fractal dimension is about 1.5–1.6 at the central part of the Japan Arc, and decreases with distance from the center. At a smaller scale, the fractal structure also holds well in the rock fracture geometry. The fractal dimension of the North Izu Peninsula fault system (branching faults) is 1.49 at the scale of 0.625 to 10 km, the fractal dimension of rock fracture geometry at the scale order of 10–1 to 10–2 meters is about 1.49–1.61. The upper limit of the fractal dimension of rock fracture geometry is about 1.6, judging from the estimation of fractal dimension on actual fracture geometry of rocks. This value may impose a restraint on modeling of faulting and the fracture process of rocks. 相似文献
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Fractal analysis of faults network, tremor foci spatial distribution as well as the Gutenberg-Richter relationship could further explain whether the biggest seismic events are connected with recent tectonic activity. Fractality of fault systems geometry, as a first step of the analysis, was tested fro a part of the USCB embodying the main structural units. The cluster analysis and the box counting methods were employed.The calculated fractal dimension of fault network was 1.98 for the whole area yet for considered structural units it was close to 1.6. The results point to similarity of studied fault pattern to river network. Faults within selected tectonic units make separate sets which have a distinct geometry and origin. The value of 1.6 is an upper limit to the fracture geometry of rocks that can be explained on the basis of Griffith energy balance concept. 相似文献
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Changes in magnetic and fractal properties of fractured granites near the Nojima Fault, Japan 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) has been used to infer finite strain fabrics in plastically deformed rocks, but there are few studies of magnetic properties in fractured fault rocks. Changes in magnetic and fractal properties of fractured granites from the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (DPRI) 500 m drilling core towards the Nojima Fault and of the well-foliated fault gouge are described. Fractal analysis of fractured granites shows that the fractal dimension ( D ) increases linearly toward the gouge zone of the fault. In weakly fractured granites ( D = 1.05–1.24), it was found that the degree of AMS correlates positively with the fractal dimension, suggesting a fracture-related magnetic fabric due to fracturing. In strongly fractured granites ( D = 1.25–1.50), weaker, nearly isotropic AMS is found, suggesting erasure by the fragmentation of the magnetic minerals. Within the fault gouge zone, an isotropic AMS fabric was found, as well as twofold increases in magnetic intensity and susceptibility. These changes reflect the production of new magnetite grains, subsequently confirmed by hysteresis studies, which suggests that fault gouge might be regarded as the source of the regional geomagnetic field contrast along active faults. Thus, AMS is clearly a potentially useful tool for inferring the fracturing texture of magnetic minerals in fractured rocks and detecting active faults from the high susceptibility contrast of fault gouge. 相似文献
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The quantitative analysis of morphologic characteristics of bedrock fault surface is a useful approach to study faulting history and identify paleo-earthquake. It is an effective complement to trenching technique, specially to identifying paleo-earthquakes in a bedrock area where the trenching technique cannot be applied. This paper focuses on the Luoyunshan piedmont fault, which is an active normal fault extending along the eastern boundary of the Shanxi Graben, China. There are a lot of fault scarps along the fault zone, which supply plentiful samples to be selected to our research, that is, to study faulting history and identify paleo-earthquakes in bedrock area by the quantitative analysis of morphologic characteristics of fault surfaces. In this paper, we calculate the 2D fractal dimension of two bedrock fault surfaces on the Luoyunshan piedmont fault in the Shanxi Graben, China using the isotropic empirical variance function, which is a popular method in fractal geometry. Results indicate that the fractal dimension varies systematically with height above the base of the fault surface exposures, indicating segmentation of the fault surface morphology. The 2D fractal dimension on a fault surface shows a ‘stair-like’ vertical segmentation, which is consistent with the weathering band and suggests that those fault surfaces are outcropped due to periodic faulting earthquakes. However, compared to the results of gneiss obtained by the former researchers, the characteristic fractal value of limestone shows an opposite evolution trend. 1)The paleo-earthquake study of the bedrock fault surface can be used as a supplementary method to study the activity history of faults in specific geomorphological regions. It can be used to fill the gaps in the exploration of the paleo-earthquake method in the bedrock area, and then broaden the study of active faults in space and scope. The quantitative analysis of bedrock fault surface morphology is an effective method to study faulting history and identify paleo-earthquake. The quantitative feature analysis method of the bedrock fault surface is a cost-effective method for the study of paleo-earthquakes in the bedrock fault surface. The number of weathered bands and band height can be identified by the segment number and segment height of the characteristic fractal dimension, and then the paleoearthquake events and the co-seismic displacement can be determined; 2)The exposure of the fault surface of the Luoyunshan bedrock is affected and controlled by both fault activity and erosion. A strong fault activity(ruptured earthquake)forms a segment of fault surface which is equivalent to the vertical co-seismic displacement of the earthquake. After the segment is cropped out, it suffers from the same effect of weathering and erosion, and thus this segment has approximately the same fractal dimension. Multiple severe fault activities(ruptured earthquake)form multiple fault surface topography. The long-term erosion under weak hydrodynamic conditions at the base of the fault cliff between two adjacent fault activities(intermittent period)will form a gradual slow-connect region where the fractal dimension gradually changes with the height of the fault surface. Based on the segmentation of quantitative morphology of the two fault surfaces on the Luoyunshan piedmont fault, we identified four earthquake events. Two sets of co-seismic displacement of about 3m and 1m on the fault are obtained; 3)The relationship between the fault surface morphology parameters and the time is described as follows:The fractal dimension of the limestone area decreases with the increase of the exposure time, which reflects the gradual smoothing characteristics after exposed. The phenomenon is opposite to the evolution of the geological features of gneiss faults acquired by the predecessors on the Huoshan piedmont fault; 4)Lithology plays an important role in morphology evolution of fault surface and the two opposite evolution trends of the characteristic fractal value on limestone and gneiss show that the weathering mechanism of limestone is different from that of the gneiss. 相似文献
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