共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 130 毫秒
1.
地球物理技术在我国考古和文物保护工作中的应用 总被引：3，自引：6，他引：3
20世纪80年代以来，我国考古及文物保护工作者和地球物理工作者越来越认识到地球物理技术在考古和方物保护方面可以发挥作用，在古幕探查、大型古建筑地下遗存现状、古遗迹断代等方面，地球物理技术都找到了发挥作用的机会，本文通过地球物理技术在云冈石窟、龙门石窟、克孜尔石窟、北京故宫紫禁城、嵩岳寺塔、古泗州城遗址、风阳明中都等的物理探查实例，以及查找古幕、古遗迹断代等方面的工作，介绍了我国在考古和文物保护领域应用地球物理技术的进展，并指出了物探在用于考古和文保时的特点和展望。 相似文献
2.
3.
“十三五”规划中桂地区页岩气基础地质调查地球物理勘探正有序开展。桂地区页岩油气地球物理勘探基础较薄弱,如何有效开展地球物理勘探是当前基础地质调查重要课题。着重阐述了桂周边地区页岩油气地球物理勘探研究现状,指出桂周边地区页岩油气地球物理勘探技术成熟并取得了进展性突破。基于桂地区与其周边地区页岩油气地质条件具有较好可比性,重点讨论了周边地区页岩油气地球物理勘探成功经验对桂地区页岩油气地球物理勘探工作开展的几点认识及展望。指出今后开展桂地区页岩油气地球物理勘探及评价项目中需要注意的几个研究方向,即稳健推广二维地震勘探、优先发展2.5维电磁勘探、加强系统物性测试与分析、重磁电震综合为终极目标,为实际勘探开展奠定理论基础。 相似文献
4.
油气勘探综合地球物理研究方法综述 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7
目前我国油气勘探难度不断加大，前新生代海相碳酸盐岩残留量地已成为我国油气资源二次创业的突破口。面对复杂地质体，只有综合应用各种地球物理现到数据，各种方法采长补短才能获得对目标的较全面地认识。本文阐述了油气勘探进行踪合地球物理研究的必要性、综合地球物理研究方法的应用现状和主要进展以及研究方法，指出油气勘探的发展方向要走综合地球物理研究的路子、区域制约局部，深层约数浅层是综合地球物理研究的原则；物性的研究是综合地球物理的前提；而联合反演是综合地球物理的实质。通过对综合地球物理研究成功实例的总结，提出综合地球物理研究中的难点和待解决的问题，指出了今后综合地球物理的发展方向。 相似文献
5.
在中央燃料工業部石油管理總局迅速發展的石油勘探隊伍中,地球物理勘探隊已成為一支相当大的力量。解放初期,只有極少 數的重力勘探隊,現在勘探工作中已大量採用了地震、重力、磁力、電法等地球物理勘探方法。在我國石油資源豐富的西北、西南各 相似文献
6.
地球物理勘探技术是深部矿产资源勘查的主要技术手段.长期以来,我国地球物理勘查技术和仪器严重依赖国外进口,国产勘查技术无论仪器设备,还是方法、软件尚不能满足日益增长的深部矿产勘查需求."十二五"国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）资源环境技术领域设立了"深部矿产资源勘探技术"重大项目,以提高深部矿产资源探测的深度、精度、分辨率和抗干扰能力为目标,研发高精度重磁探测技术、电法及电磁探测技术、地震探测、钻探和井中探测技术和装备.经过4年的攻关研究,突破了高精度微重力传感器、铯光泵磁场传感器、宽带感应式电磁传感器等10余项关键技术;研发、完善和升级了地面高精度数字重力仪、质子磁力仪、大功率伪随机广域电磁探测系统、分布式多参数电磁探测系统等18套勘探地球物理仪器设备;创新和完善了20余项勘探地球物理数据处理、正反演方法,研发和完善了2套适合金属矿数据处理及解释的大型软件系统,和8套其他专用软件系统,大幅度提升了我国地球物理勘探技术水平.本文旨在介绍项目取得的主要成果,首先回顾我国地球物理勘探技术的发展历程,然后再重点介绍"深部矿产资源勘探技术"重大项目取得的主要成果和进展,最后对发展我国地球物理勘探技术提出作者的看法和建议. 相似文献
7.
地震勘探是地球物理和油气勘探的重要手段之一,近年来逐渐向更深地层更精细化的方向发展,传感器节点数和数据量也变得更加庞大,同时数据分析端对数据质量的要求却更高,这要求海量节点上的数据要快速准确地上传到数据储存服务器,其中实现实验数据的高速可靠传输成为系统设计的一个关键难点.针对地球物理勘探和油气勘探的特点,本文提出了一种应用于大规模地震勘探仪器数据传输系统的高可靠传输协议,既能提高整个数据获取系统的稳定性同时又能提高数据的可靠性.该协议通过对数据传输过程中产生的错误采取充分的检测和处理算法,使得传输错误不会影响到系统的正常运行而且有效数据能正确地上传,并结合DAQ（Data Acquisition,数据获取系统）实现数据存储的容错机制,有效提高了系统稳定性和物理实验数据的可靠性,极大提升了地球物理勘探的工作效率. 相似文献
8.
地震仪器是地球物理勘探的核心装备,伴随地震勘探技术的进步,几年即可推出一代新设备。近年来,随着节点技术的发展,节点地震采集系统逐步应用在各个领域,且效果较好。结合地球物理勘探技术的发展需求,介绍主流陆地节点地震仪器的特点与应用,分析存在的问题及改进方向,希望促进对节点仪器的了解和应用。 相似文献
9.
10.
随着经济发展,人类经济社会对资源与能源的需求日益增加.我国在采资源正在枯竭,供需矛盾不断加大,对外依存度较高.国家对陆地盲区、深地和深海的资源勘探极为重视,同时未来勘探对象更为隐蔽、地质条件更为复杂,勘探与开采难度越来越大.地球物理方法作为勘查技术中最有效准确的预测方法之一,为满足勘探任务的需求,近年来地球物理勘探在研究新技术、新方法、仪器研发和数据处理解释等方面取得突破性进展.本文详细阐述我国的金属矿、煤矿、油气以及非常规油气资源的勘探开发现状,归纳了相应领域的地球物理技术新进展,对深地资源的勘探开发进行了展望,为资源与能源开发提供参考. 相似文献
11.
Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR): an overview of a future radar facility 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D. M. Wright J. A. Davies T. R. Robinson P. J. Chapman T. K. Yeoman E. C. Thomas M. Lester S. W. H. Cowley A. J. Stocker R. B. Horne F. Honary 《Annales Geophysicae》2000,18(9):1248-1255
SPEAR is a new polar cap HF radar facility which is to be deployed on Svalbard. The principal capabilities of SPEAR will include the generation of artificial plasma irregularities, operation as an all-sky HF radar, the excitation of ULF waves, and remote sounding of the magnetosphere. Operation of SPEAR in conjunction with the multitude of other instruments on Svalbard, including the EISCAT Svalbard radar, and the overlap of its extensive field-of-view with that of several of the HF radars in the SuperDARN network, will enable in-depth diagnosis of many geophysical and plasma phenomena associated with the cusp region and the substorm expansion phase. Moreover, its ability to produce artificial radar aurora will provide a means for the other instruments to undertake polar cap plasma physics experiments in a controlled manner. Another potential use of the facility is in field-line tagging experiments, for coordinated ground-satellite experiments. Here the scientific objectives of SPEAR are detailed, along with the proposed technical specifications of the system. 相似文献
12.
13.
A statistical study of the occurrence of ground and ionospheric backscatter within the fields-of-view of the CUTLASS HF radars, at an operating frequency of 10 MHz, during the first 20 months of operation has been undertaken. The diurnal variation of the occurrence of backscatter and the range at which such backscatter is observed is found to be highly dependent on seasonal changes of the ionospheric electron density in both the E and F region, determined from ionosonde observations. In general, ionospheric backscatter is observed at far ranges during the local day in winter months and at near ranges during the local night in summer months. The Iceland radar observes more near-range E region backscatter than the Finland radar as a consequence of its more zonal look-direction. The dependence of the occurrence of backscatter on geomagnetic activity and radar operating frequency are also investigated. The occurrence of ground and ionospheric backscatter is discussed in terms of HF propagation modes and ionospheric electron densities as well as geophysical processes. A brief assessment of the possible impact of solar cycle variations on the observations is made and frequency management is discussed. Such a study, with its focus on the instrumental aspect of backscatter occurrence, is essential for a full interpretation of HF coherent radar observations. 相似文献
14.
The authors propose to use a modified geophysical radiolocator for the detection and investigation of local quasi-plasma anomalies in the atmosphere. This radiolocator should control the large region of the atmosphere, filled with scattering objects, connected with the precipitation of radioactive substances. Such phenomena could arise in connection with earthquakes and could also be caused by technogenic origins. Contrary to standard radar, the noise of scattering objects is the aim of the analysis of geophysical radar. The discussion of technical characteristics of such radar is presented. 相似文献
15.
晋阳古城遗址历史悠久、面积开阔、文化层叠压错综复杂,地下蕴含丰富,埋藏形式特殊,是一处重要的古文化埋藏区,其考古调查是一项巨大的、长期的系统工程,需要采用传统的考古调查手段与其他先进的科学技术相结合的方法,才能尽快掌握古城遗址分布特点,使古城遗址面貌逐渐清晰起来.由于晋阳古城目标层和目标体尺度范围较宽,从十几厘米到十几米,分辨率也有不同的要求,本文借助先进的地球物理方法,采用高密度电阻率法与探地雷达结合的手段对晋阳古城多处古文化层、古遗迹靶区进行地球物理试验性探测,取得了非常丰富的地球物理特征认识,为传统方法考古提供了大量的有效信息,同时也为今后在晋阳古城遗址应用地球物理探测技术考古研究打下了坚实的基础. 相似文献
16.
The equipment and methodical characteristics of determining the vertical component of the ionospheric plasma motion velocity Vz based on an incoherent scatter radar of Institute of Ionosphere, National Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Kharkiv), which is the only radar of such type in Central Europe, are described. Based on the radar data, the patterns of altitude and diurnal variations in Vz near the maximum of solar cycle 24 for the typical geophysical conditions (around the summer and winter solstices, the spring and fall equinoxes) at low geomagnetic activity and the specifics of these changes during ionospheric storms are presented. The results of modeling of the dynamic processes in ionospheric plasma under the conditions of the undisturbed ionosphere, including the determination of altitudetime variations in the thermospheric wind velocity, are presented. It has been established that this velocity can significantly differ from the thermospheric wind velocity calculated by the known empirical global models. This difference is likely related to the regional features of thermospheric wind that are not shown in the global models. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,58(2):99-111
Both ground-penetrating radar and the resistivity method have proven to be useful tools for exploring water content variations, since related parameters such as dielectric constant and the resistivity of rocks and sediments are highly dependent on moisture content. These methods were used independently to estimate volumetric water content in the unsaturated zone and porosity in the saturated zone in a 100-m sandy section. Two sample sites along the profile were also chosen for a shallow geophysical investigation and soil sampling, to enable the calibration and verification of the indirect geophysical methods. The grain distribution at these sites is dominated by medium-sized sand (0.25–0.5 mm). The water content was 6.9 vol.% and calculated porosities are 37% and 40% respectively. At each of these sites the mean water content values calculated from resistivity are within one percentage unit of measured water content while those calculated from ground-penetrating radar give higher values by as much as 2.9 percentage units. The water contents in the unsaturated zone in the section, estimated from resistivity and ground-penetrating radar, show very similar trends, although that deduced from ground-penetrating radar is generally somewhat larger, consistent with the results from the sample sites. The mean porosity values obtained from the two methods in the saturated zone are in good agreement. 相似文献
18.
地面电磁法在实际工作中在很大程度上受到了探测深度和分辨率的限制.为了克服这些缺点,出现了井间电磁法.井间电磁法指的是在两个(或多个)钻孔中分别发射或接收电磁波信号,利用电磁波信号进行成像并探测井间物理性质的地球物理方法.由于发射机和接收机可以分别放置在很深钻孔中,其具有大透距、大探测深度的特点,因而广泛应用于工程环境物探、矿产勘查、石油勘探等中.针对不同的应用,产生了各具特点的一些特殊方法,包括井间无线电波成像、跨孔雷达、井间电磁成像.井间无线电波成像仪目前只测量电场强度数据,工作频率低,一般是单频的电磁波,频率范围通常在1 kHz至10 MHz.由于缺少走时数据修正射线路径,井间无线电波成像主要是进行基于直射线追踪的衰减层析成像.井间无线电波成像既可用于工程与环境地球物理也可用于找矿.跨孔雷达是钻孔雷达的一种探测方式,用高频电磁脉冲探测两个井孔间介电常数和电导率的变化.跨孔雷达层析成像也叫地质雷达CT,既可进行走时成像,还可进行衰减成像.一般来说,地质雷达CT的电磁波工作频率较高,中心频率通常在10 MHz和1 GHz之间,因此在分辨率指标上占有优势,跨孔雷达主要用于工程与环境地球物理.井间电磁成像采用更低的频率,测量复电磁信号,适合油气储集层监测,是一种地球物理前沿技术.经过在多个试验区初步试验表明,井间电磁成像是油藏研究的有效手段,可用于分析剩余油分布,寻找油气富集区,进而达到提高钻探高效井成功率和提高采收率的目的.本文详细介绍对比了这三种方法在理论和实践中的一些特点,并对未来的发展进行了展望. 相似文献
19.
Ocean wind fields retrieved from the advanced synthetic aperture radar aboard ENVISAT 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper an algorithm is presented which enables high-resolution ocean surface wind fields to be retrieved from the advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) data acquired by the European remote sensing satellite ENVISAT. Wind directions are extracted from wind-induced streaks that are visible in ASAR images at scales above 200 m and that are approximately in line with the mean surface wind direction. Wind speeds are derived from the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) and image geometry of the calibrated ASAR images, together with the local ASAR-retrieved wind direction. Therefore the empirical C-band model CMOD4, which describes the dependency of the NRCS on wind and image geometry, is used. CMOD4 is a semi-empirical model, which was originally developed for the scatterometer of the European remote sensing satellites ERS-1 and 2 operating at C-band with vertical polarization. Consequently, CMOD4 requires modification when applied to ASAR images that were acquired with horizontal polarization in transmitting and receiving. This is performed by considering the polarization ratio of the NRCS. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm, wind fields were computed from several ENVISAT ASAR images of the North Sea and compared to atmospheric model results of the German weather service.Acknowledgements The authors were supported by the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) in the framework of the project. A new perspective of the Ocean ENVISAT Oceanography (ENVOC). The ENVISAT ASAR data were kindly made available by the European Space Agency in the framework of the ENVISAT Project AO-ID 220, Biological and geophysical parameters from synthetic aperture radar over the ocean (BIGPASO). 相似文献
20.
The USGS conducted a geophysical investigation in support of a U.S. Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southern Division field-scale biostimulation pilot project at Anoka County Riverfront Park (ACP), down-gradient of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota. The goal of the pilot project is to evaluate subsurface injection of vegetable oil emulsion (VOE) to stimulate microbial degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. To monitor the emplacement and movement of the VOE and changes in water chemistry resulting from VOE dissolution and/or enhanced biological activity, the USGS acquired cross-hole radar zero-offset profiles, travel-time tomograms, and borehole geophysical logs during five site visits over 1.5 years. Analysis of pre- and postinjection data sets using petrophysical models developed to estimate VOE saturation and changes in total dissolved solids provides insights into the spatial and temporal distribution of VOE and ground water with altered chemistry. Radar slowness-difference tomograms and zero-offset slowness profiles indicate that the VOE remained close to the injection wells, whereas radar attenuation profiles and electromagnetic induction logs indicate that bulk electrical conductivity increased down-gradient of the injection zone, diagnostic of changing water chemistry. Geophysical logs indicate that some screened intervals were located above or below zones of elevated dissolved solids; hence, the geophysical data provide a broader context for interpretation of water samples and evaluation of the biostimulation effort. Our results include (1) demonstration of field and data analysis methods for geophysical monitoring of VOE biostimulation and (2) site-specific insights into the spatial and temporal distributions of VOE at the ACP. 相似文献