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1.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(6-12):313-324
This study investigated the seasonal and spatial dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass at 12 stations in Hong Kong (HK) waters during a three year period from 2004 to 2006 after upgraded sewage treatment and compared these results to observations before sewage treatment. Pearl River estuary (PRE) discharge significantly increased NO3 and SiO4 concentrations, particularly in western and southern waters when rainfall and river discharge was maximal in summer. Continuous year round discharge of sewage effluent resulted in high NH4 and PO4 in Victoria Harbour (VH) and its vicinity. In winter, spring and fall, the water column at all stations was moderately mixed by winds and tidal currents, and phytoplankton biomass was relatively low compared to summer. In summer, the mean surface phytoplankton chl biomass was generally >9 μg L−1 in most areas as a result of thermohaline stratification, and high nutrients, light, and water temperature. In summer, the potential limiting nutrient is PO4 in the most productive southern waters and it seldom decreased to limiting levels (∼0.1 μM), suggesting that phytoplankton growth may be only episodically limiting. The mean bottom dissolved oxygen (DO) remained >3.5 mg L−1 at most stations, indicating that the eutrophication impact in HK waters was not as severe as expected for such a eutrophic area. After the implementation of chemically enhanced primary sewage treatment in 2001, water quality in VH improved as indicated by a significant decrease in NH4 and PO4 and an increase in bottom DO. In contrast, there were an increase in chl a and NO3, and a significant decrease in bottom DO in southern waters in summer, suggesting that hypoxic events are most likely to occur in this region if phytoplankton biomass and oxygen consumption keep increasing and exceed the buffering capacity of HK waters maintained by monsoon winds, tidal mixing and zooplankton grazing. Therefore, future studies on the long-term changes in nutrient loading from PRE and HK sewage discharge will be crucial for developing future strategies of sewage management in HK waters.  相似文献   

2.
低洼盐碱地鱼虾混养塘中的浮游生物   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
1997年5～9月低洼盐碱地鱼虾混养塘中的浮游生物数量与生物量的月变化特点为：浮游植物中隐藻，裸藻与硅藻生物量在实验期间较高，蓝藻与绿藻在数量上占优势，进入秋季后蓝灌数量逐渐超过绿藻，浮游动物中原生动物，桡足类数量分别在5、6月份占优势；桡足类生物量这两个月占绝对优势，轮虫，原生动物的数量分别在7、8月份优势明显，结果表明实验期间小型浮游生物数量增加，分析表明，低洼盐碱地池塘水体浮游生物的变化与水体营养盐的含量，水产经济活动（鱼虾），水温等因素密切相关。  相似文献   

3.
The pond, situated at an altitude of 4862 m, shows an annual variation of temperature between 15 and 27 °C in a close correlation with the air temperature. In the case of a weakly acidic reaction of water an inverse relation exists between pH and conductivity and between free CO2 and alkalinity. The nutrient content of 0.05 mg/l PO4-P and NO3-N each is low, the phosphorus concentration being maintained by re-solution from the sediment. Chlorophyceae and diatoms are dominant in the phytoplankton alternately, and rotatoria and copepoda are dominant in the zoo-plankton in winter and in summer, respectively. The pronounced changes in the composition of plankton do not show any definite dependence on the physico-chemical factors, particularly since a significant share of the nutrient metabolism and the oxygen balance in the pond investigated is determined by macrophytes.  相似文献   

4.
The seasonal variations in biomass, abundance, and species composition of plankton in relation to hydrography were studied in saline lake Namuka Co, northern Tibet, China. The sampling was carried out at approximately monthly intervals from June 2001 to July 2002. The salinity ranged from 5.5 to 26 g/L. The mean annual air and water temperature showed a clear seasonal pattern, which was approximately 4.4 and 7.4°C, respectively, with the lowest water temperature in winter (from December to March, −1°C) and the highest in June and July (18°C). The results showed that 36 taxa of phytoplankton and 16 taxa of zooplankton were identified. Both the biomass and abundance of total phytoplankton were lower in the winter and peaked once or twice during the summer and spring in the early August (8.23 mg/L and 158.2 × 106 ind./L). The seasonal variation in total zooplankton biomass and abundance was characterized by lower values in both winter and early spring, and one maximum (90.5 mg/L and 935 ind. L−1) occurred in the late summer. Major phytoplankton species were Gloeothece linearis, Oscillatoria tenuis, Gloeocapsa punctata, Ctenocladus circinnatus, Ulothrix sp., and Spirogyra sp. And major zooplankton species included Vorticella campanula, Brachionus plicatilis, Daphniopsis tibetana, Cletocamptus dertersi, Arctodiaptomus stewartianus. The production of D. tibetana was 420.3 g m3 a−1. The total number of plankton species has a significant negative correlation with the salinity.  相似文献   

5.
河蟹生态养殖池浮游植物功能类群的结构特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为探究河蟹生态养殖池浮游植物群落的结构及动态,2013年4-10月对上海松江泖港地区河蟹养殖池的浮游植物进行了调查,分析其种类构成、密度、生物量和生物多样性.共检测到浮游植物105种,其中河蟹生态养殖池优势种11种,分别属于B、D、J、LO、X1、WO、X2、S1和MP功能群.河蟹养殖池浮游植物平均密度为282.58×10~4cells/L,平均生物量为1.59 mg/L,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数变化范围为2.11~3.09.水源浮游植物平均密度为175.13×104cells/L,平均生物量为0.99 mg/L,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数变化范围为1.70~2.79.河蟹养殖池浮游植物平均密度分别于5月14日-6月14日和7月29日-8月29日与水源差异显著;河蟹养殖池浮游植物平均生物量分别于5月30日、6月14日和7月29日-8月29日与水源差异显著;河蟹养殖池浮游植物Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数分别于5月14日-6月14日和8月14日-9月15日与水源差异显著.河蟹养殖池浮游植物的平均密度、平均生物量和生物多样性指数与水源水体变化趋势基本一致,均高于水源,群落稳定.  相似文献   

6.
安徽女山湖自然保护区浮游生物群落生态   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
鲍方印  肖明松  王松  崔峰 《湖泊科学》2010,22(5):729-734
2007年4月-2009年5月对安徽女山湖自然保护区浮游生物群落生态进行调查研究,共检出浮游植物8门45属113种;浮游动物包括原生动物、轮虫、枝角类、桡足类,共检出33属78种.分析表明女山湖不同季节浮游生物种类组成的变化趋势不同,但整体看来,浮游植物组成以蓝藻为主,浮游动物以轮虫为主;浮游生物量在不同季节波动较大,表现为夏季春季秋季冬季,而不同年份同一季节的生物量变化不大.浮游生物的多样性指数在不同季节的变化较大,而丰富度指数D在不同季节变化不大,大多数在1.3-3.9之间,均匀度指数J′在0.5-0.8之间.平均溶氧量PG达2.62mg/L.综合判定,女山湖属于中富营养型,浮游动物群落结构和组成相对稳定,具有较大的开发利用潜力.  相似文献   

7.
Phytoplankton composition and biomass, and microcystin content were determined on diverse dates between November 2001 and June 2006 in the final oxidation pond of the Nakuru town sewage treatment plant. The oxidation ponds as well as the rivulet that drains the same are important water sources for some wildlife in the park. The phytoplankton composition of the pond studied mostly comprised coccoid green alga species. However, occasionally cyanobacteria or euglenoids were dominant. Among the cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp. made periodic appearance in the phytoplankton, and was the dominant species on some occasions. Total phytoplankton biomass varied widely from 48 to 135 mg L−1 (wet weight) while cyanobacteria biomass ranged from undetectable levels to 130 mg L−1. Most phytoplankton biomass was due to one or a few species. Detectable cyanotoxin concentrations (sum of microcystins) of up to 551.08 μg mg−1 dry weight (DW) of cyanobacteria biomass or 0.28 μg mg−1 DW of total phytoplankton biomass were recorded in samples collected on different dates. Microcystin content did not appear to correspond to the biomass of cyanobacteria suggesting that toxin production is possibly triggered by environmental changes or changes in the proportion of toxic strains. An occasional presence of microcystins in the pond water suggests that the wildlife species, which regularly use the ponds as drinking water sources are potentially exposed to intoxication. A close monitoring of pond water phytoplankton composition is necessary to accurately quantify the potential impact of cyanotoxins on these wildlife species.  相似文献   

8.
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9.
Techniques recently developed for measuring P regeneration, particulate P turnover, and PO4 3− concentration in lakewater assume that dissolved 32P (D32P) released by plankton is PO4 3−. To test this assumption, I obtained samples of D32P regenerated from whole plankton communities by labeling the communities with 32P-PO4 3− then blocking re-uptake and transformation of regenerated D32P with two competitive inhibitors, unlabeled 31P-PO4 3− and pyrophosphate. Under these conditions, regenerated D32P accumulated and could be examined by gel chromatography to discern how much of it was 32P-PO4 3− versus higher molecular weight P compounds. I estimated that most or all of the D32P released was 32P-PO4 3−. I also observed that the amount of DP observed on filtration of lakewater depended on the method employed to obtain the filtrate. Therefore, I also separated particulate 32P from D32P with dialysis membrane (100,000 MW cutoff) without pressure. There was little DP larger than PO4 3− and no DP >5,000 MW in the dialysate, leading me to conclude that DP <100,000 MW was a minor component of both regenerated and total P. I suggest that under P-limited conditions that most dissolved P observed in lakewater filtrates may be intact viruses and cell constituents liberated in the filtration process. These results are mostly congruent with Lean’s (J Fish Res Board Can 30:1525–1536, 1973) model of P-cycling in lake plankton, although the nature of “colloidal P” in Lean’s model should be further investigated.  相似文献   

10.
The seasonal and interannual variability in the phytoplankton community in Liverpool Bay between 2003 and 2009 has been examined using results from high frequency, in situ measurements combined with discrete samples collected at one location in the bay. The spring phytoplankton bloom (up to 29.4 mg chlorophyll m−3) is an annual feature at the study site and its timing may vary by up to 50 days between years. The variability in the underwater light climate and turbulent mixing are identified as key factors controlling the timing of phytoplankton blooms. Modelled average annual gross and net production are estimated to be 223 and 56 g C m−2 year−1, respectively. Light microscope counts showed that the phytoplankton community is dominated by diatoms, with dinoflagellates appearing annually for short periods of time between July and October. The zooplankton community at the study site is dominated by copepods and use of a fine mesh (80 μm) resulted in higher abundances of copepods determined (up to 2.5 × 106 ind. m−2) than has previously reported for this location. There is a strong seasonal cycle in copepod biomass and copepods greater than 270 μm contribute less than 10% of the total biomass. Seasonal trends in copepod biomass lag those in the phytoplankton community with a delay of 3 to 4 months between the maximum phytoplankton biomass and the maximum copepod biomass. Grazing by copepods exceeds net primary production at the site and indicates that an additional advective supply of carbon is required to support the copepod community.  相似文献   

11.
The article presents the results of studying radiocesium concentration and distribution between dissolved and particulate forms in ponds in the near zone of Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP NPP after the 2011 accident. The total concentration of 137Cs in pond water and its variations are shown to be largely governed by the concentration of particulate matter being as high as 68 Bq/L, compared with 5 Bq/L in solution. The values of the distribution coefficient Kd in the ponds are similar to those in rivers and in large flow-through lakes in the accidentally polluted zone at Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP. The contributions of the main competing ions K+ and NH 4 + to radiocesium desorption from solid particles into solution were similar for the ponds; however, their relative effect on dissolved radiocesium concentration varied over time because of variations in ammonium concentration.  相似文献   

12.
The wastewater treatment is carried out in two parallel pond groups: South–9200 m3/d, 1748 kg/d BOD5, preliminary clarifier (1.1 ha, 22000 m3), three ponds (9.8 ha, 88000 m3), naturel aeration; North ?5700 m3/d, 2394 kg/d BOD5, Imhoff tank, three ponds (7.9 ha, 71000 m3), the pond 1 artificially aerated by gyroscopic units. The different loads of 15.9 and 33.7 g/m3 d BOD5 results in rates of removal of 11.2 and 22.5 g/m3d BOD5, resp. Therefore, the efficiency of the naturally aerated system is higher than that of the artificially aerated system. In the aerated system mainly the bacterial growth is promoted, a typical algal state being achieved only slowly, whereas the naturally aerated system gains a summer-time algal maximum in the ponds 2 and 3, which is accompanied already by zooplankton populations. In the dynamics of the biomass development, the higher efficiency of the four-stage, naturally aerated system is especially obvious.  相似文献   

13.
Bacteria and phytoplankton are integral in the mobilization and transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels. Hence, we examined their role in zooplankton diets and assessed trends in their nitrogen isotopic variability. We performed feeding experiments with natural particulate organic matter (POM) and four zooplankton groups (Daphnia, Holopedium, large calanoids and small calanoids) to (1) examine whether there are differences in consumption (presented as clearance and ingestion rates) of phytoplankton and bacteria, and (2) determine whether differences in zooplankton clearance and ingestion rates are correlated with their δ15N isotopic signatures. In general, phytoplankton and bacteria clearance rates and biomass ingested per animal varied significantly among different zooplankton groups within lakes and between lakes for a given zooplankton group. Within a given lake, Daphnia and Holopedium had the highest phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates, followed by large calanoids, and then small calanoids. For a given zooplankton group, bacteria and phytoplankton clearance rates varied among lakes. In contrast, phytoplankton ingestion rates were consistently highest in Dickie Lake for all taxa, whereas bacteria ingestion rates were more variable among lakes for the different zooplankton taxa. The percentage contribution of different phytoplankton taxa to the biomass of phytoplankton ingested also varied significantly among lakes for a given taxa, but there were few differences within a given lake among zooplankton. Zooplankton δ15NDOMC values were correlated with their size adjusted phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates. The correlations were stronger with (1) phytoplankton compared to bacteria, and (2) clearance rates compared to ingestion rates of biomass. Together our results suggest that zooplankton taxa with low phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates and higher δ15NDOMC are likely exploiting food sources from higher trophic levels.  相似文献   

14.
内陆水体是大气CO2收支估算的重要组成部分。农业流域分布着大量池塘景观水体,且具备蓄洪抗旱、消纳污染、水产养殖等多种功能。但是,农业流域不同功能的小型池塘CO2排放特征尚不清楚。本研究以极具农业流域代表性的烔炀河流域为研究对象,选取流域中用于水产养殖(养殖塘)、生活污水承纳(村塘)、农业灌溉(农塘)、蓄水(水塘)的4个功能不同的景观池塘,基于为期1年的野外实地观测,以明确农业流域小型池塘CO2排放特征。结果表明,不同功能池塘水体CO2排放差异显著,受养殖活动、生活污水输入和农田灌溉等人类活动影响,养殖塘((80.37±100.39) mmol/(m2·d))、村塘((48.69±65.89) mmol/(m2·d))和农塘((13.50±15.81) mmol/(m2·d))是大气CO2的热点排放源,其CO2排放通量分别是自然蓄水塘((4.52±23.26) mmol/(m2·d))的18、11和3倍。统计分析也表明,该流域池塘CO2排放变化总体上受溶解氧、营养盐等因素驱动。4个不同景观池塘CO2排放通量全年均值为(37.31±67.47) mmol/(m2·d),是不容忽视的CO2排放源,其中养殖塘和村塘具有较高的CO2排放潜力,在未来研究中需要重点关注。  相似文献   

15.
The effects of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from freshwater runoff and seasonal cycle of temperature on the dynamic of phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and production in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) are studied using a 3-D coupled physical-plankton ecosystem model. Three simulations are conducted: (1) the reference simulation based on Le Fouest et al. (2005), in which light attenuation by CDOM is not considered and maximum growth rate (μmaxμmax) of phytoplankton and zooplankton are not temperature-dependent (REF simulation); (2) light attenuation by CDOM is added to REF simulation (CDOM simulation); and (3) in addition to CDOM, the μmaxμmax of phytoplankton and zooplankton are regulated by temperature (CDOM+TEMP simulation). CDOM simulation shows that CDOM substantially reduces phytoplankton biomass and production in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE), but slightly reduces overall primary production in the GSL. In the LSLE, the spring phytoplankton bloom is delayed from mid-March to mid-April, resulted from light attenuation by CDOM. The CDOM+TEMP simulation shows that the spring phytoplankton bloom in the LSLE is further delayed to July, which is more consistent with observations. Annual primary production is reduced by 33% in CDOM+TEMP simulation from REF and CDOM simulations. Zooplankton production is the same in all three simulations, and export of organic matter to depth is reduced in CDOM+TEMP simulation, suggesting that temperature controlled growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton enhances the coupling between primary production and zooplankton production under the seasonal temperature cycle of the GSL.  相似文献   

16.
An outdoor experiment testing the effect of water flea (Daphnia longispina) and zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) on physical and chemical water parameters and chlorophyll concentration changes was carried out in 12 containers filled with 150 l of unfiltered water from a lowland reservoir. During the 11 weeks of the experiment, the following physical, chemical and biological measurements were recorded: temperature (°C), oxygen concentration (mg dm−3), pH, conductivity (S cm−1), concentration of phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) (g dm−3), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) (g dm−3), phytoplankton community structure and chlorophyll a concentration (g dm−3). The amount of ammonia ions was the highest in the treatment with zooplankton, while phosphate ions reached the highest values in treatments with zebra mussels. The results confirmed the ability of Daphnia to increase the NH4:PO4 ratio, whereas excretion from zebra mussels resulted in a decrease in both the N:P ratio (ranging from 9 to 13) and the NH4:PO4 ratio in water. In both treatments containing zebra mussels, P-rich water enabled sudden growth of Chlorophyta, resulting in blooms of Hydrodictyon reticulatum after 3–4 weeks of the experiment. Such phenomena were not observed in the control and Daphnia treatments. Our results indicate that zebra mussels, in contrast to Daphnia, may increase the symptoms of water eutrophication and contribute to blooms of expansive phytoplankton species.  相似文献   

17.
Most existing studies on the algal communities of acid lakes are based on environments that have been caused by anthropogenic disturbances. Such lakes have a different origin compared to the natural acidic lakes and could be expected to differ also in the mechanisms controlling phytoplankton and trophic status. Planktonic community in Lake Caviahue is somewhat diverse in spite of the low pH of the water. Algae have a distinctive vertical distribution: the values of phytoplankton biomass remain constant throughout the water column and at times were highest in the upper end of the hypolimnion, forming a maximum or a layer of chlorophyll a at depth. The goal of this work was to investigate the factors influencing the seasonal and vertical distribution of phytoplankton. The lake was sampled between the years 2004 and 2006. Physical, chemical and biological parameters at different depths throughout the water column were determined. The interrelationships between environmental variables at different sampling dates were analyzed using an integration of multivariate matrices, multiple factor analysis, to analyze any joint partnerships in the samples. We found that phytoplankton biomass is dominated by Keratococcus rhaphidioides. With regard to zooplankton, we found a single species of rotifers (Philodina sp.). The two arms of the lake and the depths have different behaviours showing differences in the arms' conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH. The more superficial layers were characterized by high values of phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass, organic and inorganic carbon, dissolved oxygen and pH. The deeper layers showed high values of chlorophyll a, ammonium and phosphorus (dissolved and particulate). From the multivariate analysis the relationships of the each algal species with pH, as a possible indicator of the degree of “acidophilia”, could be extracted.  相似文献   

18.
Hong Kong is surrounded by estuarine, coastal and oceanic waters. In this study, monthly averages over a 10 year time series of salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a (chl a), dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), silicate (SiO4) and orthophosphate (PO4) at three representative stations around Hong Kong were used to examine if excess nitrogen in estuarine influenced waters is due to P limitation. The monthly distribution clearly shows the dominant influence of the seasonal change in river discharge in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent coastal waters. In winter, the river discharge is small and more oceanic waters are dominant and as a result, salinity is high, and chlorophyll and nutrients are low. In summer, when the river discharge is high, salinity decreases and nutrients increase. DIN is very high, reaching 100 μM in the estuary. This indicates over enrichment of nitrogen relative to P and consequently there is an excess of N in coastal waters of Hong Kong. P remains low (∼1 μM) and can potentially limit both phytoplankton biomass and N utilization which was demonstrated in field incubation experiments. P limitation would result in excess N being left in the estuarine influenced waters south of Hong Kong. Phosphate concentration is lower in the Pearl River estuary than in many other eutrophied estuaries. Therefore, this relatively low PO4 concentration should be a significant factor limiting a further increase in the magnitude of algal biomass and in the degree of eutrophication in the Pearl River estuary. The export of the excess N offshore into the northern South China Sea may result in an increase in the size of the region that is P limited in summer.  相似文献   

19.
The study of seasonal dynamics of net phytoplankton was carried out above and below the hydroelectric plant (HP) on the Pas ka River. Correlations were found between the abundance of diatoms and conductivity, O2, PO4; the abundance of cyanobacteria and water temperature and conductivity, and the abundance of chlorophytes and O2 and Ntot. Multiple correlations revealed the most significant factor for diatom development is PO4, for cyanobacteria is water temperature, and for chlorophytes is Ntot. A lower abundance and biomass of phytoplankton, and less species diversity and nutrient concentrations were registered below the HP than above it. The seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton abundance provided similar results. The maximum biomass of the assemblage was found earlier below the HP, in April, than above it, in May. However, no differences were recorded in the dominant species within phytoplankton abundance. The phytoplankton biomass was dominated by the Melosira varians and Spirogyra sp., which are typical taxa of plant periphyton and possibly emanate from the concrete elements of the dam. This HP changed the local hydrological and environmental conditions, affecting available nutrients, and thereby phytoplankton development in the vegetative season.  相似文献   

20.
链、镛放养使微型生态系统的水柱氮、磷浓度和磷的分布发生了明显的变化。至实验结束时,各实验组的水柱颗粒磷、总磷和氨氮浓度都比对照组高,而正磷酸盐浓试和沉积物磷的量均低于对照组。这种变化以鳙单养系统为最大,其次是链、镛混养系统,链单养系统的变化最小。微型生态系统中正磷酸盐浓度同浮游动、植物密度和初级生产力显著相关,氨氮浓度同所述变量之间的相关关系则多半与正磷酸盐相反。实验观测期间浮游植物密度与总磷浓度  相似文献   

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