共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
无基坑振冲加密施工是一种比较先进的土石坝建筑方法。以海南省三亚市西部的宁远河中下游河段的大隆水利枢纽工程土石坝为研究对象,对其进行准确分区,以饱和-非饱和渗流理论为基础,通过三维有限元数值方法,模拟库水下降作用下的土石坝渗流场,并对各级水位下的孔压、流速及流向进行分析,评价大坝的渗流安全。研究结果表明：采用无基坑振冲加密施工方法后,坝体内填砂砾振冲层形成上游排水通道,在坝前水位骤降工况下,防渗土料内有效流速方向和渗透压力的方向由近水平的指向坝面变为竖直向下指向填砂砾振冲层,而且有效流速明显变大,利于渗透水通过填砂砾振冲层排到下游,有利于上游坝体稳定。 相似文献
2.
土石坝振动台模型试验是认识坝体地震破坏过程和检验抗震措施效果的重要手段之一。针对2种坝体材料,利用小型振动台,开展了一系列不同加载工况、不同加筋方式的土石坝小型振动台模型试验。试验结果表明：①2种坝体材料的初始破坏都首先从坝顶开始,表明坝顶是抗震的关键部位,与已有研究成果基本一致;②相同加载条件下,级配较差的碎石料模型坝的抗震性能优于砂砾石料,表明相对于级配,堆石料自身的性质对土石坝抗震性能的影响更大;③由细铁丝网和纱布组成并在坝坡采取包裹处理的复合加筋的抗震措施,抗震效果优于平铺纱布、平铺纱布且在坝坡包裹处理、平铺细铁丝网等的抗震措施。研究成果可供进一步开展土石坝大型振动台模型试验的材料选择、抗震措施设计等参考。 相似文献
3.
现行碾压土石坝设计规范（DL/T5395-2007）明确规定只适用于低于200 m土石坝,随着设计施工技术的发展对于超过200 m的高土石坝坝坡设计安全标准问题亟待解决。相对安全率理论把可靠指标和安全系数置于同一平台进行关联和映射。现行碾压土石坝设计规范规定的低于200 m的土石坝坝坡稳定允许可靠指标4.2。基于风险控制原则提出200~250 m高土石坝坝坡允许可靠指标取4.45,250~300 m高土石坝坝坡允许可靠指标取4.7,相应的地震工况高土石坝坝坡稳定安全系数1.35和1.4,高土石坝工程实例地震工况下坝坡稳定安全系数均满足所提安全系数标准值。 相似文献
4.
现行碾压土石坝设计规范（DL/T5395-2007）明确规定只适用于低于200 m土石坝,随着设计施工技术的发展对于超过200 m的高土石坝坝坡设计安全标准问题亟待解决。相对安全率理论把可靠指标和安全系数置于同一平台进行关联和映射。现行碾压土石坝设计规范规定的低于200 m的土石坝坝坡稳定允许可靠指标4.2。基于风险控制原则提出200~250 m高土石坝坝坡允许可靠指标取4.45,250~300 m高土石坝坝坡允许可靠指标取4.7,相应的地震工况高土石坝坝坡稳定安全系数1.35和1.4,高土石坝工程实例地震工况下坝坡稳定安全系数均满足所提安全系数标准值。 相似文献
5.
6.
目前我国水坝数量达86 000座以上,其中95%以上是土石坝。土石坝在地震灾害中作为承灾体,一方面引起土石坝坝体的破坏,造成直接经济损失;另一方面,还可能演变成为危险的次生灾害源,引发次生水灾造成巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡,同时在地震后还常常因水坝无法正常发挥水利设施功能,造成灾后生产、生活的困难。在地震发生后,通过对土石坝地震灾害损失开展简便、快捷的预测评估,可以为有效开展地震应急工作,合理分配救灾人员、物资,及时救援,避免次生灾害发生提供参考。同时,通过土石坝震害预测及快速评估方法的研究,可以深化对土石坝的地震反应机制的认识,在坝体设计施工时预先采取抗震措施,避免或者减轻可能造成的破坏和损失。目前国内外对土石坝震害预测与快速评估方法的 相似文献
7.
土石坝由于施工便捷、取材方便,是目前我国西部比较常见的一种坝型。但西部地区地震活动频繁且烈度较高,特别是一些土石坝坝基下存在深厚覆盖层,对土石坝的地震动力响应有重要影响。采用黏弹性模型-等效线性化方法对国内某拟建土石坝进行三维动力响应分析。考虑到实际土石坝坝体是不完全排水的,将根据经验公式得到的残余体变分成两部分,一部分转化为残余孔压,另一部分为产生的残余变形。根据有限元计算结果,分析在坝基深厚覆盖层影响下坝体残余变形、加速度响应、残余孔压等动力反应的特征和分布规律。计算结果符合一般规律,说明本文采用的计算方法适用于含深厚覆盖层心墙堆石坝的静动力分析。 相似文献
8.
汶川8.0级特大地震对四川省广元市的水库造成了不同程度的破坏和重大的经济损失.依据广元市水库地震灾害的现场科学考察资料,对该市53座次高危以上险情的水库进行了震害调查与分析、震前病害统计与分析,可以发现:大多数水库土石坝在震前处于带病运行状态;水库的震害主要包括坝体变形、大坝渗漏、泄水建筑物和附属设施损毁等;地震烈度、震中距、修建年代、土石坝坝型与几何构型,以及水库震前的运行状态是影响水库震害程度的主要因素.该研究丰富了水库土石坝震害的基础性资料,并提出了改进水库土石坝抗震性能设计的建设性意见. 相似文献
9.
爆炸荷载下土石坝动力响应特征的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土石坝在爆炸荷载下的力学响应是一个非常复杂的力学问题,相关研究甚少。在LS-DYNA软件框架内,以两河口土石坝为研究对象,把坝体材料简化为混凝土、心墙、反滤层与堆石体等4种,用500 kg TNT在坝顶接触爆炸时的瞬态荷载作为荷载源,针对不同材料建立适合于爆炸高加载率特征的本构模型,用数值方法分析了土石坝在潜在爆炸荷载下的破坏与损伤演化规律。结果表明,在爆炸荷载作用下,由于土石坝材料组成的多样性,应力波传播规律异常复杂,土石坝的力学响应呈现出显著的分区特征。 相似文献
10.
土石坝振动台模型试验颗粒流数值模拟分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前一般采用振动台试验、离心振动台试验和有限元动力分析来获得土石坝在设计地震荷载作用下的形态和抗震性能。本文结合孔宪京等的土石坝振动台试验结果开展了颗粒流细观数值模拟研究,克服了传统连续介质力学的宏观连续性假设,形象而直观地表现出坝体在动力荷载作用下的破坏特征。数值模拟规律与振动台试验规律基本一致。同时还分析了坝体颗粒粘结强度和地震峰值加速度变化对坝体破坏特征的影响。数值结果表明,当颗粒间粘结强度较低时,表现为坝体表面颗粒的滑动破坏,粘结强度稍大时,会出现局部的小块颗粒团整体滑动破坏;随着峰值加速度的增大,坝顶沉降量在增大,坝体破坏特征不变。 相似文献
11.
地面核磁共振方法是一种直接探测地下水信息的地球物理勘查方法,本文将该无损探测技术用于土石坝的渗流安全评估试验。由于探测的核磁共振信号源于地下水中的氢质子,则可以确保核磁共振响应仅与地下水信息有关。利用地面核磁共振方法直接找水的技术优势,探测堤坝的浸润面,以判断堤坝的渗流(漏)隐患,为堤坝尤其是小型病险水库堤坝、易发事故的堤防的病险诊断提供一种便捷、高效和可重复利用的方法。通过NUMISPOLY多道核磁共振探测系统在某原体大坝检测中的试验,得到原体大坝的浸润面,进而对土石坝进行渗流(漏)隐患的评估,该方法为堤坝渗流(漏)隐患探测提供了一种有效而可靠的新方法。 相似文献
12.
Understanding bedload transport fluctuations in rivers is crucial for complementing the existing knowledge on sediment transport theory. In this contribution, we use a natural-scale laboratory flume to analyse bedload transport fluctuations in non-uniform sand under normal flow conditions. Based on the significance of downward seepage, we incorporate the seepage effect on bedload transport over a non-uniform sand bed channel. The weight of the dry material was measured, and the volumetric transport rate per unit width (bedload transport rate) was estimated. An important observation is that the bedload transport rate initially rapidly increases with time and reaches a maximum value. Based on experimental data, we propose an empirical expression to estimate temporal bedload transport. In addition, an empirical model for bedload transport is proposed by incorporating downward seepage among other variables. The performance of several existing bedload transport formulae was also taken into account by the experimental datasets. 相似文献
13.
针对地震(或静力)液化作用对尾矿坝渗流场和孔压分布的影响进行研究,基于多孔介质渗流理论,考虑到尾矿坝渗流特性,编写分析程序SAFTD。根据程序假设的初始浸润面,通过调整浸润面处网格迭代求解最终浸润面的位置,选取一个经典算例验证程序的可靠性。针对典型的上游法尾矿库,采用SAFTD程序分析液化前后尾矿坝的渗流场与孔压分布特征。数值模拟结果表明,液化后尾矿坝的浸润面中间部分发生明显抬升,而在入渗点处和出渗点附近变化不大;液化后尾矿坝的孔压明显增加,坝体内部孔压增大约18%~280%,最大的孔压增量发生在初期坝的右下部,数值模拟结果与Ishihara对Mochikoshi 2号坝的分析结果相似。 相似文献
14.
Several mechanisms contribute to streambank failure including fluvial toe undercutting, reduced soil shear strength by increased soil pore‐water pressure, and seepage erosion. Recent research has suggested that seepage erosion of noncohesive soil layers undercutting the banks may play an equivalent role in streambank failure to increased soil pore‐water pressure. However, this past research has primarily been limited to laboratory studies of non‐vegetated banks. The objective of this research was to utilize the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) in order to determine the importance of seepage undercutting relative to bank shear strength, bank angle, soil pore‐water pressure, and root reinforcement. The BSTEM simulated two streambanks: Little Topashaw Creek and Goodwin Creek in northern Mississippi. Simulations included three bank angles (70° to 90°), four pore‐water pressure distributions (unsaturated, two partially saturated cases, and fully saturated), six distances of undercutting (0 to 40 cm), and 13 different vegetation conditions (root cohesions from 0·0 to 15·0 kPa). A relative sensitivity analysis suggested that BSTEM was approximately three to four times more sensitive to water table position than root cohesion or depth of seepage undercutting. Seepage undercutting becomes a prominent bank failure mechanism on unsaturated to partially saturated streambanks with root reinforcement, even with undercutting distances as small as 20 cm. Consideration of seepage undercutting is less important under conditions of partially to fully saturated soil pore‐water conditions. The distance at which instability by undercutting became equivalent to instability by increased soil pore‐water pressure decreased as root reinforcement increased, with values typically ranging between 20 and 40 cm at Little Topashaw Creek and between 20 and 55 cm at Goodwin Creek. This research depicts the baseline conditions at which seepage undercutting of vegetated streambanks needs to be considered for bank stability analyses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Seepage meters modified for use in flowing water were used to directly measure rates of exchange between surface and subsurface water in a gravel‐ and cobble bed river in western Pennsylvania, USA (Allegheny River, Qmean = 190 m3/s) and a sand‐ and gravel‐bed river in Colorado, USA (South Platte River, Qmean = 9·7 m3/s). Study reaches at the Allegheny River were located downstream from a dam. The bed was stable with moss, algae, and river grass present in many locations. Median seepage was + 0·28 m/d and seepage was highly variable among measurement locations. Upward and downward seepage greatly exceeded the median seepage rate, ranging from + 2·26 (upward) to ? 3·76 (downward) m/d. At the South Platte River site, substantial local‐scale bed topography as well as mobile bedforms resulted in spatial and temporal variability in seepage greatly in exceedence of the median groundwater discharge rate of 0·24 m/d. Both upward and downward seepage were recorded along every transect across the river with rates ranging from + 2·37 to ? 3·40 m/d. Despite a stable bed, which commonly facilitates clogging by fine‐grained or organic sediments, seepage rates at the Allegheny River were not reduced relative to those at the South Platte River. Seepage rate and direction depended primarily on measurement position relative to local‐ and meso‐scale bed topography at both rivers. Hydraulic gradients were small at nearly all seepage‐measurement locations and commonly were not a good indicator of seepage rate or direction. Therefore, measuring hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity at in‐stream piezometers may be misleading if used to determine seepage flux across the sediment‐water interface. Such a method assumes that flow between the well screen and sediment‐water interface is vertical, which appears to be a poor assumption in coarse‐grained hyporheic settings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Resistivity and self‐potential tomography can be used to investigate anomalous seepage inside heterogeneous earthen dams. The self‐potential (SP) signals provide a unique signature to groundwater flow because the source current density responsible for the SP signals is proportional to the Darcy velocity. The distribution of the SP signals is also influenced by the distribution of the resistivity; therefore, resistivity and SP need to be used in concert to elucidate groundwater flow pathways. In this study, a survey is conducted at a small earthen dam in Colorado where anomalous seepage is observed on the downstream face at the dam toe. The data reveal SP and direct current resistivity anomalies that are used to delineate three anomalous seepage zones within the dam and to estimate the source of the localized seepage discharge. The SP data are inverted in two dimensions using the resistivity distribution to determine the distribution of the Darcy velocity responsible for the observed seepage. The inverted Darcy velocity agrees with an estimation of the Darcy velocity from the hydraulic conductivity obtained from a slug test and the observed head gradient. 相似文献
17.
基于渗流-应力耦合分析的野鸡尾尾矿坝稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于渗流场与应力场耦合机理,对柿竹园野鸡尾尾矿坝进行稳定性研究。研究渗流-应力的耦合效应,提出了渗流-应力耦合以及渗流体积力计算的实施方案;建立二维的有限元渗流-应力耦合计算模型,分析了考虑耦合效应时的尾矿坝渗流场、位移场、应力场;最终分析了不同耦合关系对于渗流量、位移场、等效渗透集中力以及应力场的影响。研究结果表明：当前水力条件下,尾矿坝稳定性良好;尾矿坝主要受水平渗透力作用,初期坝坝顶、坝脚以及坝底等处应力集中;尾矿坝的渗流-应力作用不容忽视,不同的耦合关系对于x方向位移、渗透力的预测影响巨大;考虑渗流-应力耦合关系得到的主应力、剪应力以及竖向位移,比不考虑耦合效应时大。 相似文献
18.
对土石坝振动台模型试验理论和技术进行系统阐述,提出基于原型和模型坝料静、动力特性试验的模型相似设计方法和不同强度地震动递进输入(白噪声微振-设计地震-校核地震-破坏试验)的振动试验方法。基于1g大型振动台和ng超重力离心机振动台设备性能现状,结合高土石坝的结构特点和动力试验相似模拟要求,对土石坝振动台模型试验的优势及局限进行深入讨论。结合已有的工程实践,对土石坝振动台模型试验在工程中的应用进行总结,并以某实际高面板堆石坝为例研究面板坝生命周期内经历多次地震情况下结构动力特性的演化规律。 相似文献
19.
Measuring streambank erosion due to ground water seepage: correlation to bank pore water pressure,precipitation and stream stage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Garey A. Fox Glenn V. Wilson Andrew Simon Eddy J. Langendoen Onur Akay John W. Fuchs 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(10):1558-1573
Limited information exists on one of the mechanisms governing sediment input to streams: streambank erosion by ground water seepage. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the importance of streambank composition and stratigraphy in controlling seepage flow and to quantify correlation of seepage flow/erosion with precipitation, stream stage and soil pore water pressure. The streambank site was located in Northern Mississippi in the Goodwin Creek watershed. Soil samples from layers on the streambank face suggested less than an order of magnitude difference in vertical hydraulic conductivity (Ks) with depth, but differences between lateral Ks of a concretion layer and the vertical Ks of the underlying layers contributed to the propensity for lateral flow. Goodwin Creek seeps were not similar to other seeps reported in the literature, in that eroded sediment originated from layers underneath the primary seepage layer. Subsurface flow and sediment load, quantified using 50 cm wide collection pans, were dependent on the type of seep: intermittent low‐flow (LF) seeps (flow rates typically less than 0·05 L min?1), persistent high‐flow (HF) seeps (average flow rate of 0·39 L min?1) and buried seeps, which eroded unconsolidated bank material from previous bank failures. The timing of LF seeps correlated to river stage and precipitation. The HF seeps at Goodwin Creek began after rainfall events resulted in the adjacent streambank reaching near saturation (i.e. soil pore water pressures greater than ?5 kPa). Seep discharge from HF seeps reached a maximum of 1·0 L min?1 and sediment concentrations commonly approached 100 g L?1. Buried seeps were intermittent but exhibited the most significant erosion rates (738 g min?1) and sediment concentrations (989 g L?1). In cases where perched water table conditions exist and persistent HF seeps occur, seepage erosion and bank collapse of streambank sediment may be significant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献