共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
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突发地震灾害往往带来巨大的生命财产损失，对建筑物进行科学合理的震前加固及震后功能快速修复；对降低地震灾害损失具有重要意义。通过定义社会贴现率和残值率等加固效益分析评价参数，基于加固费用模型和地震直接经济损失模型进行了加固费用现值与效益现值计算；采用费用效益比（Cost-Benefit Ratio，CBR）作为评价指标对建筑物进行加固决策分析，并最终建立了相应的加固决策体系。最后将提出的理论、模型及方法集成于课题组研发的"中国地震灾害损失评估系统（CEDLAS）"补充建立加固决策分析模块，进而通过陕西省灞桥区的综合应用示范，验证所建立的加固决策体系的合理性。研究可为政府制定在役建筑物的加固决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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我国现存着大量的未经抗震设防或按老旧规范抗震设防的砌体建筑,为了避免这些建筑在地震作用下的严重破坏,需要对其进行加固。近年来发生的汶川地震和芦山地震中,很多砌体结构损伤严重,但尚未倒塌,这些砌体结构是否可以修复,如何修复,修复后抗震性能有什么变化,目前还没有系统的研究可以借鉴。本文在基于性能的地震工程框架下,对砌体结构进行抗震加固与震后修复,并通过足尺结构试验评估其性能。本文主要工作如下:(1)对某老旧砌体结构采用后张预应力技术进行抗震加固,并对加固后砌体结构进行了双向拟静力试验。附加预应力水平采用砌体结构抗压强度设计值的20%,在提高承载力的同时避免剪压破坏。本文详细介绍了后张预应力加固二层砌体结构模型的加固流程,拟静力试验的加载和测量方案,并对砌体结构的损伤程度进行了分析和评估。(2)对采用后张预应力技术加固的砌体结构进行数值模拟。分别采用MSC.Marc和OpenSEES软件建立了加固砌体结构的精细化有限元模型和宏观力学模型。精细化有限元模型采用连续化方法和弹塑性损伤模型模拟砌体的破坏过程;而宏观力学模型采用剪切弹簧模拟墙片的宏观力学行为,通过分析50个后张预应力加固砌体墙片的试验数据,回归了加固墙片的开裂荷载计算公式。通过精细化有限元模型和宏观力学模型得到的滞回曲线与试验曲线的对比可知,这两种建模方法与试验吻合的较好,可以为该种结构的抗震性能研究提供一定的参考。(3)未加固砌体结构拟静力试验。预应力加固结构拟静力试验后结构的第二层破坏较轻,刚度损伤较小。为了对比加固效果,本文将第一层用钢梁固定,而将预应力筋值调整为结构第二层自重对第一层的压应力,对第二层结构进行加载,模拟未加固结构的首层力学性能。通过对比可知,预应力加固可使结构的峰值承载力提高至未加固结构的2倍左右,且结构的耗能能力也大幅度增加。(4)基于性能的砌体结构修复研究。对上述试验过后的损伤结构进行损伤评估后,综合考虑费用、工期和修复后承载力三方面的因素确定修复目标,根据修复目标选择增设构造柱和水泥砂浆钢筋网面层两种加固方法对损伤结构进行修复,通过修复过程中对工期和费用的量化可知,修复结构与新建结构相比可大大减少费用、缩短工期。通过修复结构的拟静力试验可知,修复结构的峰值承载力分别是未加固结构的2.84倍,预应力加固结构的1.32倍,满足修复目标的要求。 相似文献
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砌体建筑群在地震中往往破坏严重损失巨大，合理评估地震作用对不同种类砌体结构造成破坏的风险变得至关重要。传统基于后验概率的地震危险性分析方法忽略了砌体建筑个体差异性的影响，未深入考虑多种震害因子的耦合作用。本文以华南地区砌体建筑群为例，开发了一种集成概率方法来对城市砌体结构的破坏风险进行建模，考虑建筑年代、层数、使用用途和墙厚四类震害因子的耦合影响，采用(Kolmogorov-Smirnov)K-S检验，在设定地震动参数下选取Gaussian分布、Log-Normal分布、Gumbel分布和Beta分布四种概率分布对该地区砌体建筑物的破坏状态概率分布参数进行拟合。通过均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error)RMSE进行拟合优度评价，最终建立基于Gaussian分布和Log-Normal分布的砌体建筑物破坏联合概率模型。最后，以华南地区三个城市典型砌体建筑物为例进行实例对比验证，将基于本文建立的建筑破坏概率模型推算出的砌体建筑群震害矩阵与基于单体结构分析得到的震害矩阵进行对比，与理论值最大偏差为0.033 3。研究表明：本文构建的集成概率方法能够获得更加合理的城市砌体建筑... 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(1)
上世纪后期砌体结构作为我国办公、住宅等民用建筑大量采用的一种结构形式,经过多年使用后,急需进行修缮加固处理,尤其是其抗震能力的提高,已成为广大学者研究的重点。基于上述基本国情,本文首先在结合砌体结构的相关规范及震损资料的基础上,分层次建立了砌体结构的抗震性能综合评价指标体系,其次通过灵活运用并结合层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,简称AHP)与灰聚类两种方法,构建了砌体结构抗震性能的数学评价模型,最后结合实际案例验证了该模型的合理性及科学性,对今后砌体结构抗震性能的评价工作具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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城市建筑群中砖混结构建筑数量众多，抗震性能较弱，在地震中的破损率较高，逐一进行抗震性能测定难度巨大。本文提出基于常时微动观测的城市砖混结构建筑群抗震性能快速评价方法，提供初步的决策参考建议，适用于在大范围城市建筑群中快捷地筛选易损建筑。选取呼和浩特市区331栋砖混结构建筑物进行振动特性分析，分别建立适用于研究区域建筑物长轴和短轴平均共振周期与建筑物楼层数的回归关系，作为衡量研究区砖混结构建筑群抗震能力的快速判断标准。筛选出82栋抗震能力较弱的易损建筑，其中24栋为重点关注对象，主要分布于人口较为密集的老旧城区，多为4层（含）以上住宅类型，建筑年代较为久远，具有面临潜在地震危害的风险，为下一步有针对性地进行抗震加固和防震减灾工作提供参考依据。 相似文献
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应用钢丝网灌浆加固技术（SRG）修复村镇砌体结构具有施工简单、造价低廉以及性能优越等优点。先对一多层砌体结构开洞墙体模型进行抗震性能拟静力试验，后采用SRG技术加固受损墙体再次进行同条件试验。对比分析了加固前后墙体的破坏现象、滞回性能、刚度退化规律、耗能特性、延性与变形特征等抗震性能。试验结果表明:采用SRG技术加固受损砌体结构的破坏模式更为合理，墙体承载力、变形性能及耗能特性亦可显著提升。研究结果揭示了SRG技术加固受损砌体结构的实效性，为其在村镇建筑加固领域的应用提供技术支持。 相似文献
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科学地预测城市建筑物震害易损性,以此来分析城市防灾的薄弱环节,是预防及减轻地震损失的关键步骤。惠州建筑物普查结果中,少数抽样建筑物有详细图纸,可以进行具体的震害计算,多数建筑物无详细图纸,尚无合适的精确计算模型。文中对有详细图纸的砖混建筑进行了震害指数计算,根据普查数据表识别并量化了震害影响指标,进而建立了样本库以及基于KPCA和GA_LSSVR的预测模型。在此基础上,对无详细图纸的砖混建筑进行了震害指数预测,得到了惠州区域砖混建筑物的震害易损性矩阵。该预测模型利用KPCA对建筑物震害影响因素进行特征提取,并用LSSVR来对建筑物震害指数进行回归预测,利用GA对LSSVR中的相关参数进行寻优,其可用性和有效性均在文中有所验证。 相似文献
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传统低层建筑砌体结构动力特性分析中,易受到外界环境的干扰,砌体结构的完整性欠缺,导致动力特性分析的准确度较低。为提高低层建筑砌体结构的抗震性能,提出地震作用下低层建筑砌体结构的动力特性分析方法。首先利用低层建筑砌体结构反应自功率谱,完成砌体结构的自振频率辨认;然后通过941B型超低频率测振仪测试自振频率,筛出振动波形中噪声干扰的区域,获取时域波形和频域波形;最后依据时域波形和频域波形塑造低层建筑砌体三维精细化模型,在该模型基础上,通过子空间迭代算法获取低层建筑砌体结构的模拟结果,分析地震作用下芯柱、圈梁等构造措施对建筑砌体结构动力特征的影响,完成砌体结构的动力特性分析。实验结果表明,利用所提方法对地震作用下低层建筑砌体结构的动力特性进行分析,得到的分析结果准确度较高。 相似文献
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This paper deals with the development of a procedure aimed at defining a seismic risk mitigation strategy for public buildings in terms of prioritization, time required and funds. The procedure is based on a global risk index involving the entire building stock under study thus facilitating an examination of risk variation over time up to its final value. Relationships between the current seismic capacity–demand ratios and the required strengthening costs (cost models) have been developed. Each of the assumed cost models has a different target in terms of capacity–demand ratio to be obtained after strengthening, basically ranging between full retrofit and upgrading. The procedure has been applied to 69 hospital buildings located in Basilicata region for which the vulnerability data was available as a result of a large assessment program set up by the regional government. Priorities have been defined on the basis of seismic capacity, local hazard and number of human beings possibly involved (exposure). The results of different strengthening strategies have been outlined with a special focus on the pros and cons of the upgrading strategy with respect to various retrofit strategies. The procedure may be applied to different categories of public buildings by properly modifying some input parameters and partially redefining criteria for prioritization. 相似文献
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Many historic buildings in old urban centers in Eastern Canada are made of stone masonry reputed to be highly vulnerable to seismic loads.Seismic risk assessment of stone masonry buildings is therefore the first step in the risk mitigation process to provide adequate planning for retrofit and preservation of historical urban centers.This paper focuses on development of analytical displacement-based fragility curves reflecting the characteristics of existing stone masonry buildings in Eastern Canada.The old historic center of Quebec City has been selected as a typical study area.The standard fragility analysis combines the inelastic spectral displacement,a structure-dependent earthquake intensity measure,and the building damage state correlated to the induced building displacement.The proposed procedure consists of a three-step development process:(1) mechanics-based capacity model,(2) displacement-based damage model and(3) seismic demand model.The damage estimation for a uniform hazard scenario of 2% in 50 years probability of exceedance indicates that slight to moderate damage is the most probable damage experienced by these stone masonry buildings.Comparison is also made with fragility curves implicit in the seismic risk assessment tools Hazus and ELER.Hazus shows the highest probability of the occurrence of no to slight damage,whereas the highest probability of extensive and complete damage is predicted with ELER.This comparison shows the importance of the development of fragility curves specific to the generic construction characteristics in the study area and emphasizes the need for critical use of regional risk assessment tools and generated results. 相似文献
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多层砌体房屋抗震加固方法述评 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文讨论了多层砌体房屋抗震加固的原则,对目前常用的多层砌体房屋的加固方法进行了简要的论述,提出了各种方法的特点和适用范围以及需要注意的问题,并指出了将来可能的发展方向。 相似文献
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The Himalayan region is one of the major seismic areas in the world. However, similar to many other seismically active locations, there are substantial numbers of unreinforced masonry(URM) buildings; the majority of which have not been designed for seismic loads. Past seismic events have shown that such buildings are highly vulnerable to earthquakes. Retrofitting of these URM buildings is an important concern in earthquake mitigation programs. Most government school buildings in rural areas of northern India are constructed of unreinforced masonry. These school buildings are socially important structures and serve as a crucial resource for rehabilitation during any disaster. The effectiveness of ferrocement(FC) to create a URM-FC composite is described in this study by estimating the performance and fragility of a URM school building before and after a retrofit. Analytical models, based on the equivalent frame method, are developed and used for nonlinear static analysis to estimate the enhancement in capacity. The capacity enhancement due to retrofitting is presented in terms of the maximum PGA sustained and damage probabilities at the expected level of earthquake hazard. 相似文献
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Masonry buildings are primarily constructed out of bricks and mortar which become discrete pieces and cannot sustain horizontal forces created by a strong earthquake.The collapse of masonry walls may cause significant human casualties and economic losses.To maintain their integrity,several methods have been developed to retrofit existing masonry buildings,such as the constructional RC frame which has been extensively used in China.In this study,a new method using precast steel reinforced concrete(PSRC)panels is developed.To demonstrate its effectiveness,numerical studies are conducted to investigate and compare the collapse behavior of a structure without retrofitting,retrofitted with a constructional RC frame,and retrofitted with external PSRC walls(PSRCW).Sophisticated finite element models(FEM)were developed and nonlinear time history analyses were carried out.The results show that the existing masonry building is severely damaged under occasional earthquakes,and totally collapsed under rare earthquakes.Both retrofitting techniques improve the seismic performance of existing masonry buildings.However,it is found that several occasional earthquakes caused collapse or partial collapse of the building retrofitted with the constructional RC frame,while the one retrofitted by the proposed PSRC wall system survives even under rare earthquakes.The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting method on existing masonry buildings is thus fully demonstrated. 相似文献
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Amplitude dependence of equivalent modal parameters in monitored buildings during earthquake swarms 
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下载免费PDF全文 Rosario Ceravolo Emiliano Matta Antonino Quattrone Luca Zanotti Fragonara 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(14):2399-2417
This paper investigates the dynamic response of three sample buildings belonging to the Seismic Observatory for Structures, the Italian network for the permanent seismic monitoring of strategic structures, managed by the Italian Department of Civil Protection. The case studies cover different building types that could loosely represent the Italian building stock, with a special emphasis on cultural heritage and masonry structures. Observed under a low‐intensity seismic swarm comprising about 30 aftershocks after a main event, the three buildings are analysed through an input–output, model‐driven linear dynamic identification procedure, depicting the relation between the shaking level at the site and the variation of the equivalent structural modal parameters, while keeping into account the effects of soil–structure interaction. Finite element models will be used to investigate one of the case studies and to compare the law of variation of the structural modal parameters with respect to simplified models proposed by technical standards. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A pushover-based seismic risk assessment and loss estimation methodology for masonry buildings is introduced. It enables estimation of loss by various performance measures such as the probability of exceeding a designated economic loss, the expected annual loss, and the expected loss given a seismic intensity. The methodology enables the estimation of the economic loss directly from the results of structural analysis, which combines pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis of an equivalent SDOF model. The use of the methodology is demonstrated by means of two variants of a three-storey masonry building both of which have the same geometry, but they are built, respectively, from hollow clay masonry (model H) and solid brick masonry (model S). The probability of collapse given the selected design earthquake corresponding to a return period of 475 years was found to be negligible for model H, which indicates the proper behaviour of such a structure when designed according to the current building codes. However, the corresponding probability of collapse of model S was very high (46%). The expected total loss given the design earthquake was estimated to amount to 28 000 € and 290 000 €, respectively, for models H and S. The expected annual loss per 100 m2 of gross floor area was estimated to amount to 75 € and 191 €, respectively, for models H and S. For the presented examples, it was also observed that nonstructural elements contributed more than 50% of the total loss. 相似文献
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Sergio Lagomarsino 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2006,4(4):445-463
In all European countries the will to conserve the building heritage is very strong. Unfortunately, large areas in Europe are characterised by a high level of seismic hazard and the vulnerability of ancient masonry structures is often relevant. The large number of monumental buildings in urban areas requires facing the problem with a methodology that can be applied at territorial scale, with simplified models which need little easily obtainable, data. Within the Risk-UE project, a new methodology has been stated for the seismic vulnerability assessment of monumental buildings, which considers two different approaches: a macroseismic model, to be used with macroseismic intensity hazard maps, and a mechanical based model, to be applied when the hazard is provided in terms of peak ground accelerations and spectral values. Both models can be used with data of different reliability and depth. This paper illustrates the theoretical basis and defines the parameters of the two models. An application to an important church is presented. 相似文献