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在对5·12汶川地震灾区大量次生地质灾害实地考察调查的基础上,总结了次生地质灾害发育分布的特点,探讨了灾后重建的岩土工程问题。此次地震引发的次生地质灾害主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等;次生地质灾害的发育分布与地震烈度相一致,与断裂带密切相关,并形成崩塌、滑坡→泥石流或崩塌、滑坡→堰塞湖→泥石流灾害链。灾后重建必须注重建设场地工程地质条件的研究、科学规划选址,合理避让地质灾害高风险地段;对重点高陡边坡灾害须进行必要的岩土工程加固,山区建筑地基基础设计应符合相关要求,要尽量减少对地质环境的扰动,预防工程诱发灾害。研究结果可为灾区岩土工程减灾防灾以及灾后重建提供参考。 相似文献
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芦山地震震后次生滑坡灾害风险评价研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以北京时间2013年4月20日8时02分四川省雅安市芦山县7.0级地震为例,对研究区进行震后次生滑坡灾害风险评价.研究在利用芦山地震受灾区航空影像对震后次生滑坡灾害隐患点解译的基础上,选择坡度、坡向、震后累计降雨量和危险植被指数4个评价因子,利用统计分级法对各因子进行敏感性分析,采用层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP）对评价因子进行权重量化,最后综合运用GIS空间分析技术对芦山地震震后次生滑坡灾害进行风险评价,研究结果将研究区划分为次生滑坡灾害高危险区、中危险区和低危险区. 相似文献
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从公路安全运行迫切需求出发，着眼于震后公路沿线地质灾害发育程度，选取山区公路地质灾害风险评价指标及其权重，并结合地质灾害危险性与防护工程新技术，建立山区公路地质灾害风险评估体系。该评估体系将灾损公路分两阶段进行评分，两阶段根据相应的评价指标和权重系数，计算出灾害风险总得分，从而确定威胁公路的地质灾害风险等级。以典型的泥石流灾害为例开展工程案例分析，验证山区公路地质灾害风险评估体系的适用程度。结果表明，该评价体系在川九公路艰险路段震后恢复重建工作中有较好的实用性和可靠性。 相似文献
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以地震为诱因而引发的地质灾害叫做“次生地质灾害”,主要包括山体崩塌、滑坡、泥石流,堰塞湖、地面塌陷、地裂缝和海啸等,灾害间的关联形成灾害链,对人类的生命财产安全构成极大危害,是可怕的“多米诺”效应。如2004年印度洋地震海啸造成20多万人死亡。 相似文献
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2022年1月8日发生的门源M6.9地震诱发了崩塌、滑坡、砂土液化、地裂缝等多种同震地质灾害。通过对门源M6.9地震地质灾害进行现场调查,得出了地质灾害的分布特征和各类型地质灾害的主要特点,分析了地震地质灾害不发育的原因,并对地震地质灾害的长期效应进行了分析预测。研究结果表明：门源地震诱发地质灾害主要分布在震中附近;崩塌、落石总体规模较小,滑坡多为岩质滑坡,且以冰碛物和表层岩土体的溜滑为主。受表层土体冻结和孔隙水压力消散的影响,饱和砂土液化沿较窄的地裂缝呈串珠状分布,喷出物多为粉细砂。地震形成了4条左旋左阶斜列的地表破裂带,并在极震区内形成了大量的地裂缝。断层破碎带对地震动的阻隔作用、覆盖层薄、地表土冻结可能是造成本次地震地质灾害总体不发育的主要原因;地震产生的大量地裂缝导致斜坡和堆积体的稳定性减弱,在耦合集中降雨、冻融作用等因素后可能诱发滑坡灾害,松散堆积于沟床处的崩滑物作为物源,可能会增加地震影响区泥石流灾害的风险。 相似文献
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地震次生崩滑是震后较长时间内严重危害人们生活的地质灾害之一, 对其展开危险性评价具有重要意义。 本文选取2008年汶川地震的重灾区汶川县为研究区, 基于遥感数据, 利用GIS技术手段, 结合研究区地质环境背景进行地震次生崩滑危险性评价。 选取逻辑回归模型, 将研究区划分为不危险、 轻微危险、 较危险、 危险和极危险5个等级, 实现了基于Logistic模型的区域内地震次生崩滑地质环境危险性评价。 相似文献
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水库诱发地震综合风险评价指标体系反映了水库诱发地震风险因子与研究地区整个社会经济系统的复杂交互作用关系,建立该指标体系需要地震学、社会学、经济学、管理学和工程学的综合集成研究。根据水库诱发地震与所在地区社会经济系统交互作用的机理分析,提出了由危险性、易损性、减灾能力、灾情4个子系统组成水库诱发地震综合风险系统。由这些子系统及其二级评价指标组成水库诱发地震综合风险评价的初步指标体系,再利用专家咨询信息,采用遗传模糊层次分析法筛选该初步指标体系,从而建立了水库诱发地震综合风险评价指标体系。该指标体系可用于水库诱发地震综合风险评价,为构建水库诱发地震综合风险预警系统提供了重要的技术基础。 相似文献
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地震滑坡是最常见的地震次生地质灾害之一，不仅带来环境恶化，通常还造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失，因此备受关注。为了解地震滑坡研究发展趋势，凝练地震滑坡定量评估科学问题，文章对区域地震滑坡定量评估起源、发展现状、存在的问题及未来发展进行了系统总结。研究结果表明：(1)区域地震滑坡灾害定量评估研究兴起于20世纪80年代，经过50多年学者的不懈努力，取得了丰硕的成果。区域地震滑坡灾害定量评估研究面临着新的社会需求。(2)地震滑坡是地震动力、地质特征和地貌条件等多因素耦合作用的结果，地震滑坡现象只有考虑成因机理与动力过程方可解释，地震滑坡成因机理研究主要集中于强震条件下斜坡的动力响应规律分析。(3)地震滑坡发育特征、成因机理以及数据库建设等基础研究推动了地震滑坡灾害风险定量评估研究。区域地震滑坡灾害风险定量评估包括地震滑坡危险性定量评估、地震滑坡易损性定量评估、地震滑坡危害性定量评估等内容。(4)在区域地震滑坡灾害定量评估方面，还需要进一步探索区域地震滑坡灾害形成的系统性和时空分布规律性、改进和完善区域地震滑坡灾害风险定量评估方法、开拓区域地震滑坡灾害防治战略规划。 相似文献
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大坝作为水利水电工程设施发挥效用的同时，其安全性对上下游及周边区域生产生活至关重要。除去恐怖袭击等人为破坏因素，大坝面临气象灾害、地震地质灾害等各类灾害风险。 “七下八上”历来是我国南北方主汛期，防御强降雨及其引发的滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等次生灾害，对大坝构成的单一、复合、链式灾害风险，是当前刻不容缓的任务。美国洪水大坝应急管理体系建立较早，此次密歇根州洪水溃坝事件发生在美国疫情严峻时期，暴露出诸多问题值得整理与研究，并对当前疫情常态化下我国大坝抵御综合性灾害风险具有良好的启示意义。 相似文献
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为探究贵州省地震灾害风险薄弱环节，减轻地震灾害风险，以贵州省罗甸县为示范，采用地震危险性概率分析方法对各乡镇进行危险性分析，开展地震灾害承灾体现场抽样调查，通过层次分析法和问卷调查的方式，首次构建乡镇级别的地震灾害风险和减灾能力指标体系，评估各乡镇地震灾害综合指数和程度，计算各乡镇地震灾害风险指数，确定红水河镇为高风险区、罗悃镇为中风险区、木引等7个乡镇为低风险区，并从建筑物设防、地震地质灾害及水库地震等角度剖析罗甸县地震灾害特点，从农村危房改造、移民搬迁、地质灾害防护及交通等方面提出减小地震灾害风险的建议。 相似文献
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PRE-ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LOSSES BASED ON FIELD SURVEY AND KILOMETER GRID DATASET: A CASE STUDY FROM DEHONG DAI-JINGPO AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE 
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下载免费PDF全文 The pre-assessment of earthquake damage based on field surveys and grid dataset in 1km resolution is very helpful for emergency preparedness and mitigation of earthquake disaster losses.In this paper,we briefly introduced the contents,principles,methods and the results of software assessment as well as the revised results after field surveys.In addition,the emergency supplies and manpower requirements after the outbreak of earthquake are discussed.The assessment contents include the earthquake affected area and population,the amount of casualties,injuries,economic losses,and the number of population to be resettled.Scenario earthquake is set with an interval of 50 kilometers along the major faults and the losses induced by earthquake are outputted by the software.After that,the software outputs are revised based on field surveys.In addition,according to the earthquake cases happening between 2008 and 2015,the growth curve model used to estimate the demand of rescue supplies and teams is also proposed in this study.Based on this model and the software named earthquake emergency disaster rapid assessment and dynamic visualized software (NIE Gao-zhong,2014),and with the help of the statistical data such as population density and socio-economic situations,earthquake losses are pre-assessed by taking Dehong Dai-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture as an example.The comparison shows that the actual losses are nearly the same as the software outputs.However,due to the ignorance of the casualties caused by geological disasters,the revised casualties are more than the software output.Not only the study area discussed in this paper,the earthquake loss assessment method can also be used to other regions in China. 相似文献
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Information Detection of Seismic Debris Flow by UAV High-resolution Image Based on Transfer Learning
A large number of debris flow disasters (called Seismic debris flows) would occur after an earthquake, which can cause a great amount of damage. UAV low-altitude remote sensing technology has become a means of quickly obtaining disaster information as it has the advantage of convenience and timeliness, but the spectral information of the image is so scarce, making it difficult to accurately detect the information of earthquake debris flow disasters. Based on the above problems, a seismic debris flow detection method based on transfer learning (TL) mechanism is proposed. On the basis of the constructed seismic debris flow disaster database, the features acquired from the training of the convolutional neural network (CNN) are transferred to the disaster information detection of the seismic debris flow. The automatic detection of earthquake debris flow disaster information is then completed, and the results of object-oriented seismic debris flow disaster information detection are compared and analyzed with the detection results supported by transfer learning. 相似文献
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ANALYSIS ON DISASTER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MS5.4 CANGWU,GUANGXI EARTHQUAKE,JULY, 31th, 2016 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 On July 31th, 2016, a moderately strong earthquake of MS5.4 hit the Cangwu County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The focal depth of this earthquake is about 10 kilometers. This earthquake occurred in the junction area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hunan Province and Guangdong Province. Nanning, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities felt this earthquake.
The Cangwu County disaster area is unique in terms of geographical position, tectonic geology, landform, economic development situation, population distribution and climate condition, etc. Based on the investigation to the earthquake hit area, and the analysis of its special natural environment, social economical conditions and humanities, seven general disaster characteristics of the Cangwu MS5.4 earthquake are summarized from the point of view of earthquake disaster emergency rescue and reconstruction. namely, the low population density in the disaster area, the single building structure type and the low-level economic development, the short duration of ground motion, the small number and low magnitude of aftershocks, no large landslide, debris flow and other secondary geological disasters caused by this earthquake, the area is prone to typhoon and other climate disasters which are likely to aggravate earthquake disaster, and the earthquake occurred in an area of weak seismicity in South China.
This paper introduces the basic situation of the MS5.4 Cangwu earthquake and analyzes the seven disaster characteristics of this earthquake. In order to better respond to moderate-strong earthquake in weak seismicity regions of South China, this paper summarizes some experience and revelations about the earthquake in the MS5.4 Cangwu earthquake emergency response process, and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures of earthquake disaster reduction in weak seismicity regions in southern China.
In the future work, we should pay more attention to pre-disaster prevention, and strengthen earthquake-monitoring capability. In order to reduce the casualties caused by collapse of houses, we should improve the seismic fortification standards of houses, carry out relevant researches on earthquake damage prevention measures of karst areas. And in order to carry out comprehensive disaster reduction, we should strengthen cooperation with the meteorological department, and carry out more comprehensive earthquake emergency drills. 相似文献
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北京地区突发性地质灾害易发区划及危险度评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在认真分析北京地区地质环境的主要特征及地质灾害发育现状基础上,对泥石流、采空塌陷以及崩滑塌等突发性灾害的发育特征、分布规律及其主要影响因素进行了深入地分析、研究和探讨。采用袭扰系数法,对区内突发性地质灾害的易发程度进行了综合评价预测,圈定出突发性地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区。采用模糊综合评判模型,对影响地质灾害演变趋势的降雨条件、人类工程活动、地震活动以及区域岩组结构等因素进行了综合评判,并依据突发性地质灾害的易发区划结果及其主要影响因素的综合评判结果,对其演变的危险程度进行了评价,将北京地区划分出突发性地质灾害高风险区、中风险区以及低风险区。这对政府相关部门制定减灾防灾、资源开发、环境整治、经济建设和社会发展等规划具有一定的参考作用。 相似文献