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1.
本文首先介绍了无人机摄影测量技术获取数字高程模型（digital elevation model,缩写为DEM）和地貌数据（正射影像）的作业流程,对比分析了三种不同质量密集点云生成的DEM在水平位置和高程上的差异;然后以1709年中卫南M7?大地震的主体地表破裂带为例,提取其上地震断层的垂直位错量和水平位移量。研究结果显示:高质量密集点云生成的DEM分辨率可达厘米级,且处理时间不需太长,其水平位置和高程与另外两种质量密集点云生成的DEM差异均小于0.100 m;基于高质量密集点云可生成6.33 cm/pix分辨率的DEM,提取1709年中卫南地震地表破裂带上地震断层的垂直位错量为（0.704±0.293） m,水平位移量为5.1 m,与前人的研究结果相吻合,因此可以代表该地震的同震位移,这表明无人机摄影测量技术能够获取地震地表破裂带典型场点的高分辨率地形地貌数据,并基于生成的DEM可进一步提取地震断层的定量参数。 相似文献
2.
本文针对新型便携式行业级无人机精灵4RTK开展了实测数据的定位精度分析,从有、无控制点情况下的绝对定位精度和无控制点情况下的相对定位精度2方面入手,详细计算后者水平距离和高程差的测量误差,探讨网络RTK技术的无控制点情况在活动构造中的应用。结果表明,无人机精灵4RTK在天气较晴朗、飞行高度100 m、镜头角度正射向下、旁向和航向重叠率均为70%等实测条件下,有控制点情况下水平位置和高程测量误差均<4.5 cm,无控制点情况下水平位置测量误差<0.60 m、高程测量误差<1.90 m;无控制点情况下,当实际水平距离<300 m时,水平距离测量误差<0.100 m,当高程差<2.8 m时,高程差测量误差<0.100 m;以复合运动性质的发震断层为例,初步探讨认为无人机精灵4RTK的网络RTK技术在无控制点情况下提取活动构造的定量参数时,其水平位移量精度能够达到厘米级,垂直位错量精度可能达不到厘米级,当垂直位错量小于8.0 m时,精度能够达到0.157 m。 相似文献
3.
Jing Liu-Zeng Wenqian Yao Xiaoli Liu Yanxiu Shao Wenxin Wang Longfei Han Yan Wang Xianyang Zeng Jinyang Li Zijun Wang Zhijun Liu Hongwei Tu 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(2):100140
The 22 May 2021 MW 7.4 Madoi, Qinghai, China earthquake presented a rare opportunity to apply the modern unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography method in extreme altitude and weather conditions to image surface ruptures and near-field effects of earthquake-related surface deformations in the remote Tibet. High-resolution aerial photographs were acquired in the days immediately following the mainshock. The complex surface rupture patterns associated with this event were covered comprehensively at 3–6 cm resolution. This effort represents the first time that an earthquake rupture in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has been fully and systematically captured by such high-resolution imagery, with an unprecedented level of detail, over its entire length. The dataset has proven valuable in documenting subtle and transient rupture features, such as the significant mole-tracks and opening fissures, which were ubiquitous coseismically but degraded during the subsequent summer storm season. Such high-quality imagery also helps to document with high fidelity the fractures of the surface rupture zone (supplements of this paper), the pattern related to how the faults ruptured to the ground surface, and the distribution of off-fault damage. In combination with other ground-based mapping efforts, the data will be analyzed in the following months to better understand the mechanics of earthquake rupture related to the fault zone rheology, rupture dynamics, and frictional properties along with the fault interface. 相似文献
4.
传统基于云计算的地理位置定位方法进行目标定位时需要分析大量的地理数据信息,造成目标定位过程复杂且容易出现定位差错。提出新的地震灾后区域无人机GPS遥感定位方法,其功能包括遥感传感子系统、遥感空中控制子系统、无人机平台、无人机地面控制子系统、三维模型影像重建以及目标定位分析。重建地震灾区的三维影像模型时,先提取地震灾区的DEM数据,将无人机GPS遥感测量得到的影像纹理映射到DEM上,构建地震灾区的三维地物模型;目标定位分析采用测距目标定位法,利用无人机在不同位置对目标进行定位分析,实现对地震灾后区域的定位分析,得到目标的坐标结果。实验结果说明,所提方法能提高目标定位的精度,缩短目标定位用时。 相似文献
5.
AI Ming BI Hai-yun ZHENG Wen-jun YIN Jin-hui YUAN Dao-yang REN Zhi-kun CHEN Gan LIU Jin-rui 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1276-1293
With the development of photogrammetry technology and the popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)technology in recent years, using UAV photogrammetry technology to rapidly acquire high precision and high resolution topographic and geomorphic data on the fault zone has gradually become an important technical means. This paper first summarizes the basic principle and workflow of a new digital photogrammetry technology, SfM (Structure from Motion), which is simple, efficient and low cost. Using this technology, we conducted aerial image acquisition and data processing for a typical fault landform on the northern of Caka Basin in Qinghai. The digital elevation model (DEM)with 6.1cm/pix resolution is generated and the density of point cloud is as high as 273 points/m2. The coverage area is 0.463km2. Further, the terrain and slope data parallel to the fault direction are extracted by topographic analysis method, and combined with the contour map and the slope diagram generated by the DEM, a fine interpretation and quantitative study of complex multilevel geomorphic surfaces is carried out. Finally, based on the results of sophisticated interpretation of geomorphology, we got the vertical displacements of the T1 terrace to the T3 terrace as (1.01±0.06)m, (1.37±0.13)m and (3.10±0.11)m, and the minimum vertical displacements of the T4 terrace and the T5 terrace as (3.77±0.14)m and (5.46±0.26)m, respectively, through the topographic profile data extracted by DEM. Such vertical displacement parameters are difficult to obtain directly by traditional remote sensing images, which shows the great application prospect of UAV photogrammetry technology in the quantitative study of active tectonics. 相似文献
6.
房屋建筑结构数据是了解房屋抗震设防能力的基础，获取房屋建筑结构信息具有重要的现实意义。本文在简单介绍无人机遥感系统、房屋建筑信息无人机遥感调查技术流程的基础上，以全国多地多架次飞行任务为应用实例，对无人机照片进行筛选、姿态匹配、照片拼接、纹理映射等处理，获取了房屋建筑密集区的正射镶嵌图和三维场景模型，然后对房屋建筑结构类型进行目视判读，并与地面调查的真实结果比对分析，计算得到目视判读的准确率为91.17%，Kappa系数为0.80。结果表明，轻小型无人机轻便灵活，获取的三维场景模型能有效、直观、准确地进行房屋建筑结构类型判定，可弥补传统实地调查的不足，为评估大范围建筑物的抗震能力提供重要的参考依据。 相似文献
7.
北京时间2021年5月22日,青海省果洛州玛多县发生MS7.4地震,震中位于巴颜喀拉地块内部,根据震源机制解和野外地表破裂调查确定发震构造为以左旋走滑运动为主的江错断裂。本研究利用大疆Phantom 4 RTK无人机在震后采集大量地表破裂照片,采用集成SfM（Structure from Motion）算法的PhotoScan软件处理获得高分辨率DEM和正射影像,同时结合野外实地考察对研究区地表破裂的分布特征及断错地貌类型进行详细解译。利用基于MATLAB语言开发的位移测量软件LaDiCaoz,限定玛多地震在研究区产生的左旋走滑位移约为0.4 m。地表破裂精细化解译显示,在左旋右阶阶区发育小规模的挤压鼓包和里德尔共轭剪切破裂,在左旋左阶阶区发育走向为N40°～50°E,宽度达数十厘米的张裂缝带,指示发震构造的左旋走滑性质。本研究为震后基于无人机摄影测量技术快速提取地表破裂的定量参数和进行地表破裂精细化研究提供了可行、高效和科学的技术方法。 相似文献
8.
移动摄影测量技术SfM（Structure from Motion）的发展使活动构造研究中快速获得野外中小区域内高精度DEM数据更便捷,DEM数据精度是目前活动构造与测量领域较关注的问题。本文通过对比非RTK模式无人机摄影测量并结合地面控制点（GCPs）生成的SfM DEM数据与基于RTK移动摄影测量技术获取的RTK-SfM DEM数据差异,重点分析搭载RTK模块的移动摄影测量技术获取的DEM数据在垂向上的精度。数据采集、处理与对比结果表明:在添加地面控制点后的非RTK模式无人机摄影测量生成的DEM数据中,除测量区域边缘照片较少而产生畸变外,大部分地区畸变率较小;基于移动RTK技术摄影测量获取的高程数据畸变率更小,且与非RTK模式无人机摄影结合地面控制点生成的高程数据存在约0.85 m的系统高程误差,减去该误差后,点云对比结果表明二者95%以上的点垂向误差均＜0.05 m;搭载RTK模块的移动摄影测量技术获取的DEM数据在垂向上具有更高的精度,且节省了时间与人工成本。 相似文献
9.
The two mainstream deformation models of the Tibet plateau are continental escape model and crustal thickening model, the former suggests that the NW-trending Karakoram Fault, Gyaring Co Fault, Beng Co Fault and the Jiali Fault as the Karakoram-Jiali fault zone is the southern border belt and that the dextral strike-slip rate is estimated as up to 10~20mm/yr. However, research results in recent years show that the slip rates along those faults are significantly less than earlier estimates. Taylor et al. (2003)suggest that the conjugate strike-slip faults control the active deformation in the central Tibet.
The lack of research on the slip behavior of the NE-trending faults in the central Tibet Plateau constrains our understanding of the central Tibet deformation model. Thus, we choose the NE-direction Qixiang Co Fault located at the north of the Gyaring Co Fault as research object. Based on the interpretation of satellite images, we found several faulted geomorphic sites. Using RTK-GPS ground control point and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)topographic surveying, we obtained less than 10cm/pix-resolution digital elevation model (DEM)in the Yaqu town site. We used the LaDiCaoz_v2.1 software to automatically extract the left-lateral offset of the largest gully on the terrace T2 surface, which is (21.3±7.1)m, and the vertical dislocation of the scarp on the terrace T2 surface, which is (0.9±0.1)m. The age of both U-series dating samples on the terrace T2 is (4.98±0.17)ka and (5.98±0.07)ka, respectively. The Holocene left-lateral slip rate along Qixiang Co Fault is (3.56±1.19)mm/a and the vertical slip rate is (0.15±0.02)mm/a. The kinematic characteristics of the sinistral strike-slip with normal slip coincide with the eastward motion of the central Tibet plateau, and its magnitude is in agreement with its conjugate Gyaring Co Fault, suggesting that the deformation pattern of the central Tibetan plateau complies with the conjugate strike-slip faults mode. 相似文献
10.
无人机遥感技术系统作为新时期应急救援装备是震后快速获取灾情信息的重要手段,随着无人机的智能化、轻量化的影像处理软件的迅猛发展,无人机领域的应用也越来越广泛。本文选取了辽宁大连城岭村作为实验地点,以大疆精灵4pro无人机获取的1个架次308张照片作为实验数据,选取Pix4D、smart3D、photoscan三款无人机影像处理软件,以处理流程、耗时、正射精度、三维建模等指标作为测试指标对三款软件开展对比研究工作。研究结果表明,小型消费级无人机在飞控系统下的测量精度可达厘米级,处理流程方面从简到难依次为Pix4D、photoscan、smart3D,耗时方面从短到长依次为Pix4D、photoscan、smart3D,正射(dom)精度从高到低依次为Pix4D、smart3D、photoscan,三维建模精度从高到低依次为smart3D、Pix4D、photoscan,该实验结果不仅为搭建地震应急前后方指挥部数据处理平台建设提供技术支撑,同时还对使用此类无人机做行业应用及飞行参数设置提供参考意义。 相似文献
11.
Enoc Sanz-Ablanedo Jim H. Chandler Pablo Ballesteros-Pérez José Ramón Rodríguez-Pérez 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(9):2134-2147
It is well established that digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and processed by structure from motion may contain important systematic vertical errors arising from limitations in camera geometry modelling. Even when significant, such ‘dome’-shaped errors can often remain unnoticed unless specific checks are conducted. Previous methods used to reduce these errors have involved: the addition of convergent images to supplement traditional vertical datasets, the usage of a higher number of ground control points, precise direct georeferencing techniques (RTK/PPK) or more refined camera pre-calibration. This study confirms that specific UAV flight designs can significantly reduce dome errors, particularly those that have a higher number of tie points connecting distant images, and hence contribute to a strengthened photogrammetric network. A total of 22 flight designs were tested, including vertical, convergent, point of interest (POI), multiscale and mixed imagery. Flights were carried out over a 300 × 70 m2 flat test field area, where 143 ground points were accurately established. Three different UAVs and two commercial software packages were trialled, totalling 396 different tests. POI flight designs generated the smallest systematic errors. In contrast, vertical flight designs suffered from larger dome errors; unfortunately, a configuration that is ubiquitous and most often used. By using the POI flight design, the accuracy of DEMs will improve without the need to use more ground control or expensive RTK/PPK systems. Over flat terrain, the improvement is especially important in self-calibration projects without (or with just a few) ground control points. Some improvement will also be observed on those projects using camera pre-calibration or with stronger ground control. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
For an erosion event (October 2016) occurred at the Sparacia experimental area (Southern Italy), both terrestrial and low‐altitude aerial surveys were carried out by consumer grade camera and quadcopter (low‐cost unmanned aerial vehicle [UAV]) to measure rill erosion on two plots with steepness of 22% and 26%. Applying the structure from motion (SfM) technique, the three‐dimensional digital terrain models (3D‐DTMs) and the quasi three‐dimensional models (2.5D‐digital elevation model [DEM]) were obtained by the two surveys. Furthermore, 3D‐DTM and DEM were built using the available aerial photographs (166) and adding 40 terrestrial photographs. For the first time, the convergence index was applied to high‐resolution rill data for extracting the rill network, and a subsequent separation into contributing and non‐contributing rills was carried out. The comparison among the three surveys (terrestrial, UAV, and UAV + terrestrial) was developed using two morphometric parameters of the rill network (drainage density and drainage frequency). Moreover, using as reference the weight of sediment stored on the tanks located downstream of the plots, the reliability of soil loss measurement by 3D models was tested. For both contributing and non‐contributing rills, the morphometric parameters were higher for the terrestrial than for UAV and UAV + terrestrial surveys. For both plots, SfM always provided reliable soil loss measurements, which were affected by errors ranging from ?8% to 13%. Although the applied technique used a low‐cost UAV and a consumer grade camera, the obtained results demonstrated that a reliable estimate of rill erosion can be obtained in an area of interest. 相似文献
13.
Recent advancements in geophysical exploration have been realized through reliably integrating unmanned aerial vehicle platforms with lightweight, high-resolution magnetometer payloads. Unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys can provide a contemporary data product between the two end-members of coverage and resolution attained using manned airborne and terrestrial magnetic surveys. This new data product is achievable because unmanned aerial vehicle platforms can safely traverse with magnetometer payloads at flight elevations closer to ground targets than manned airborne surveys, while also delivering an increased coverage rate compared to walking conventional terrestrial surveys. This is a promising new development for geophysical and mineral exploration applications, especially in variable terrains. A three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic survey was conducted within the Shebandowan Greenstone Belt, northwest of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, in July 2017. A series of two-dimensional grids (∼500 m × 700 m) were flown at approximate elevations of 35, 45 and 70 m above ground level using a Dà-Jiāng Innovations multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (S900) and a GEM Systems, Inc., Potassium Vapour Magnetometer (GSMP-35U). In total, over 48 line-km of unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic data were flown with a line spacing of 25 m. The collected aeromagnetic data were compared to a regional heliborne aeromagnetic survey flown at an elevation of approximately 85 m above the terrain, with a line spacing of 100 m, as well as a follow-up terrestrial magnetic survey. The first vertical derivative of the gathered unmanned aerial vehicle total magnetic field data was calculated both directly between each of the different flight elevations, and indirectly by calculating the values predicted using upward continuation. This case study demonstrates that low flight elevation unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys can reliably collect industry standard total magnetic field measurements at an increased resolution when compared to manned airborne magnetic surveys. The enhanced interpretation potential provided by this approach also aided in delineating structural controls and hydrothermal fluid migration pathways (a pair of adjacent shear zones) related to gold mineralization on site. These structural features were not clearly resolved in the regional manned airborne magnetic data alone, further demonstrating the utility of applying high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic surveys to mineral exploration applications. The conclusions and interpretations drawn from the unmanned aerial vehicle aeromagnetic data, coupled with historical data, were applied to make a new gold mineralization discovery on the site, assayed at 15.7 g/t. 相似文献
14.
Mitigating systematic error in topographic models derived from UAV and ground‐based image networks 
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下载免费PDF全文 High resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are increasingly produced from photographs acquired with consumer cameras, both from the ground and from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, although such DEMs may achieve centimetric detail, they can also display systematic broad‐scale error that restricts their wider use. Such errors which, in typical UAV data are expressed as a vertical ‘doming’ of the surface, result from a combination of near‐parallel imaging directions and inaccurate correction of radial lens distortion. Using simulations of multi‐image networks with near‐parallel viewing directions, we show that enabling camera self‐calibration as part of the bundle adjustment process inherently leads to erroneous radial distortion estimates and associated DEM error. This effect is relevant whether a traditional photogrammetric or newer structure‐from‐motion (SfM) approach is used, but errors are expected to be more pronounced in SfM‐based DEMs, for which use of control and check point measurements are typically more limited. Systematic DEM error can be significantly reduced by the additional capture and inclusion of oblique images in the image network; we provide practical flight plan solutions for fixed wing or rotor‐based UAVs that, in the absence of control points, can reduce DEM error by up to two orders of magnitude. The magnitude of doming error shows a linear relationship with radial distortion and we show how characterization of this relationship allows an improved distortion estimate and, hence, existing datasets to be optimally reprocessed. Although focussed on UAV surveying, our results are also relevant to ground‐based image capture. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
15.
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was flown over a boulder beach (area 20 000 m2) on the southern coast of Galicia (northwestern Spain) in May 2016, continuing earlier work based on flights over the same beach in July 2012, May 2013, and late March 2014. Digital surface models (DSMs) with 1.8 cm resolution were constructed from the 2014 and 2016 data to identify changes in beach morphology over the intervening period. Analyses were conducted using a Limit of Detection (LoD) of 0 cm and 3.71 cm. In both cases, the analyses showed that erosion dominated over 19% of the beach area. Accretion occurred over the rest of the beach, which acquired an additional 1500 m3 of material over the study period. Re-analysis of the data from earlier flights suggested that erosion dominated on the beach in 2012–2013 and deposition in 2013–2014. Without any clear relationship between beach behaviour and storm severity during each winter period, it is proposed that gravitationally induced erosion and storm-wave induced deposition are the result of perturbations about an equilibrium beach gradient. The UAV data also suggested that an essentially random component modulates regional patterns of movement. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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2021年5月22日青海玛多发生MS7.4地震,震源断层错动在地表形成了长达160 km的同震地表破裂。可靠的地震地表破裂带参数是研究震源断层活动机制和评价地震危险性的重要基础。采用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术可以获得高精度的点云数据并产出DOM和DEM数据。通过跨破裂带的地形测量,获取了玛多MS7.4地震同震地表变形的垂直位移、水平缩短量和水平拉张量等参数。测量结果显示,玛多MS7.4地震发震断层在不同破裂段具有不同性质和大小的倾滑分量,其中具有压扭性质的野马滩观测点断层垂直位移为0.69～1.01 m,倾向水平缩短量为0.17～0.41 m,倾滑位移为0.71～1.09 m;具有张扭性质的朗玛加合日段断层垂直位移为0.34～0.54 m,倾向水平拉张量为1.99～2.08 m。 相似文献
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2010年4月14日的玉树MS7.1地震造成沿甘孜-玉树断裂的一系列NW向地表破裂.利用Trimble GX 3D地面激光三维扫描仪获取了玉树地震断裂SE段禅古寺附近的典型地震地表破裂的精细点云数据.在对点云数据进行校正、分割、滤波等预处理基础上,分析了地震地表破裂不同表面建模方式的原理和方法,选取了无投影的不规则三角网建模方式对该处地表破裂进行三维建模实验,结合精配准高清晰现场纹理照片,制作了地震地表破裂的三维图像;并从模型的多个角度选取剖面进行地震地表破裂精细三维量测分析,得到该处地表破裂的平均垂直位移为74cm,水平位移为10cm.在此基础上进一步分析了玉树地震断裂的性质及其破裂特点. 相似文献
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INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE FINE FAULT GEO-METRY BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION DEM DATA DERIVED FROM UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUE: A CASE STUDY OF TANGJIAPO SITE ON THE HAIYUAN FAULT 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Fault-related tectonic geomorphologic features are integrated expressions of multiple strong seismological events and long-term surface processes, including crucial information about strong earthquake behavior of a fault. It's of great significance to identify the strong seismic activity information from faulted landscapes, which include the date and sequence of the seismic activities, displacements, active fault features, for studying the seismic rupture process, predicting the future seismic recurrence behavior and evaluating the seismic hazard of the fault.
However, due to the restriction of measuring techniques and the subsequent poor quality of the acquired data, it has been difficult to accurately extract such information from complex tectonic landforms to study active faults for a long time. Recently, "small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(sUAV)" photogrammetric technique based on "Structure from Motion(SfM)" provides a cost-efficient and convenient access to high-resolution and high-accuracy "digital elevation models(DEMs)" of tectonic landforms.
This paper selects the Tangjiapo area at the Haiyuan Fault to conduct data collection, in which the structural and geomorphic features are well preserved. Using a small quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle(Inpire 2), we collect 1598 aerial photographs with a coverage area of 0.72km2. For calibrating the accuracy of the aerial data, we set 10 ground control points and use differential-GPS to obtain the spatial coordinates of these control points. We use model software Agisoft PhotoScan to process these digital pictures, obtaining high-resolution and high-accuracy DEM data with the geographic information, in which data resolution is 2.6cm/pix and the average density of point cloud is 89.3 point/m2. The data with these accuracy and resolution can fully show the real geomorphic features of the landform and meet the requirements for extracting specific structural geomorphic information on the surface.
Through the detailed interpretation of the tectonic landforms, we identify a series of structures associated with the strike-slip fault and divide the alluvial fan into four stages, named s1, s2, s3, and s4, respectively.Wherein, the s1 is the latest phase of the alluvial fan, which is in the extension direction of the Haiyuan Fault and there isn't any surface fracture, indicating that the s1 was formed after the M8.5 Haiyuan earthquake in 1920. The rupture zone on the s2 fan is composed of varied kinds of faulting geomorphologic landforms, such as a series of en echelon tension-shear fractures trending 270°~285°, fault scarps and seismic ridges caused by the left-lateral motion of the seismic fault. In addition, a number of field ridges on the s2 fan were faulted by the 1920 Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake, recording the co-seismic displacements of the latest earthquake event. Relatively speaking, the surface rupture structure of the s3 fan is simple, mainly manifested as linear fault scarp with a trend of 270°~285°, which may indicate that multiple earthquakes have connected the different secondary fractures. And a small part of s4 fan is distributed in the southwest of the study area without fault crossing.
Furthermore, we measured the horizontal displacements of river channels and vertical offsets of fault scarps. The faulted ridge on the s2 fan and faulted gully on the s3 fan provide good linear markers for obtaining the fault left-lateral dislocation. We used the graphical dislocation measurement software LaDiCaoz developed based on Matlab to restore the gully position before the earthquake by comparing the gully morphology on both sides of the fault, and then determined the horizontal offset of s2, which is(4.3±0.4)m and that of s3 is(8.6±0.6)m. In addition, based on the DEM data, we extracted the fault scarp densely along the fault strike, and obtained the vertical offset of s2, which is(4.3±0.4)m and that of s3 is(1.79±0.16)m.
Moreover, we detect slope breaks in the fault scarp morphology. For compound fault scarps generated by multiple surface rupture earthquakes, there are multiple inflection points on the slope of the topographic section, and each inflection point represents a surface rupture event. Therefore, the slope break point on the scarp becomes an important symbol of multiple rupture of the fault. The statistical result shows that the slope breaks number of s2 is 1 and that of s3 is 2. Based on the analysis of horizontal displacements of river channels and vertical offsets of fault scarps as well as its slope breaks, two surface rupturing events can be confirmed along the Tangjiapo area of the Haiyuan Fault. Among them, the horizontal and vertical displacements of the older event are(4.3±0.95)m and(0.85±0.22)m, respectively, while that of the latest event are(4.3±0.4)m and(0.95±0.14)m, which are the coseismic horizontal and vertical offsets of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake.
These recognitions have improved our cognitive level of the fine structure of seismic surface rupture and ability to recognize paleoearthquake events. Therefore, the high-resolution topographic data obtained from the SfM photogrammetry method can be used for interpretation of fine structure and quantitative analysis of microgeomorphology. With the development of research on tectonic geomorphology and active tectonics toward refinement and quantification, this method will be of higher use value and practical significance. 相似文献
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THE EXTRACTION OF HOUSE DISTRIBUTION BASED ON PHOTOGRAMMETRY METHOD:TAKING THE COUNTRYSIDE IN THE WEST OF CHINA FOR EXAMPLE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The key parameters of houses such as distribution, area and height play an important role for urban-rural planning, earthquake emergency and disaster mitigation. The computer automatic extraction method is an effective way to acquire large area house information using satellite-borne or airborne optical remote-sensing images. However, because of the similarity of spectral characters for different land cover types or the influence of snow coverage, the classification accuracy of house type using traditional spectral based method can be decreased. To acquire the accurate houses distribution, a method based on the height information is proposed using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)in this study. With UAV flying at the height of 100m above ground, the route of the UVA was planned with the heading direction overlap of 77% and side direction overlap of 50%for the nearby pictures. Taking Qionghalajun Village in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for example, 69 pictures of the study area were obtained with DJI Phantom 3 professional. With those pictures input into the EasyUAV software, the Digital Elevation Model(DEM), Digital Surface Model(DSM), and Digital Orthophoto Map(DOM)were acquired based on photogrammetry method using the overlapped optical remote-sensing images of UAV. After that, the house distribution and height were acquired with the differences between DSM and DEM images larger than 2.6m. To eliminate the influences of disintegrated pixels on the house extraction, mainly caused by the trees or noise point, the classification aggregation tool of ENVI software was used with the disintegrated pixels' area less than 4m2. Compared with visual interpretation result, the user accuracy and mapping accuracy of the house extraction method proposed in this study is 88.69% and 97.42%, respectively. In addition, to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the result of traditional supervised classification method using DOM data acquired previously was compared with the result of new method. The results show that the new method is more accurate the user accuracy and mapping accuracy of the supervised classification method, which is 43.23% and 85.30%, respectively. Besides the study area in this study, the performance of the proposed method will be evaluated at the other places in the further study. 相似文献