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1.
XU Chong TIAN Ying-ying SHEN Ling-ling MA Si-yuan XU Xi-wei ZHOU Ben-gang HUANG Xue-qiang MA Jun-xue CHEN Xi 《地震地质》2018,40(5):1115-1128
In this study, a detailed database of landslides triggered by the 25 April 2015 Gorkha (Nepal)MW7.8 earthquake is constructed based on visual interpretation of pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images and field reconnaissance. Results show the earthquake triggered at least 47 200 landslides, which have a NWW direction spatial distribution, similar with the location and strike of the seismogenic fault. The landslides are of a total area about 110km2 and an oval distribution area about 35 700km2. On the basis of a scale relationship between landslide area (A)and volume (V), V=1.314 7×A1.208 5, the total volume of the coseismic landslides is estimated to be about 9.64×108m3. In the oval landslide distribution area, the landslide number density, area density, and volume density were calculated and the results are 1.32km-2, 0.31%, and 0.027m, respectively. This study provides a detailed and objective inventory of landslides triggered by the Gorkha earthquake, which provides very important and essential basic data for study of mechanics of coseismic landslides, spatial pattern, distribution law, and hazard assessment. In addition, the landslide database related to an individual earthquake also provides an important earthquake case in a subduction zone for studying landslides related to multiple earthquakes from a global perspective. 相似文献
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A complete understanding to the disasters triggered by giant earthquakes is not only crucial to effectively evaluating the reliability of existing earthquake magnitude, but also supporting the seismic hazard assessment. The great historical earthquake with estimated magnitude of M8.5 in Huaxian County on the 23rd January 1556, which caused a death toll of more than 830 000, is the most serious earthquake on the global record. But for a long time, the knowledge about the hazards of this earthquake has been limited to areas along the causative Huashan piedmont fault(HSPF) and within the Weihe Basin. In this paper, we made a study on earthquake triggered landslides of the 1556 event along but not limited to the HSPF.
Using the high-resolution satellite imagery of Google Earth for earthquake-triggered landslide interpretation, we obtained two dense loess landslides areas generated by the 1556 earthquake, which are located at the east end and west end of the HSPF. The number of the interpreted landslides is 1 515 in the west area(WA), which is near to the macro-epicentre, and 2 049 in the east area(EA), respectively. Based on the empirical relationship between the landslide volume and area, we get the estimated landslide volume of 2.85~6.40km3 of WA and EA, which is equivalent or bigger than the value of ~2.8km3 caused by Wenchuan earthquake of MW7.9 on 12th May 2008. These earthquake triggered landslides are the main cause for the death of inhabitants living in houses or loess house caves located outside of the basin, such as Weinan, Lintong, Lantian(affected by WA) and Lingbao(affected by EA). Our results can help deeply understand the distribution characteristics of coseismic disaster of the 1556 Huaxian earthquake to the south of Weihe Basin, and also provide important reference for the modification of the isoseismals. 相似文献
3.
APPLICATION OF LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL FOR HAZARD ASSESSMENT OF EARTHQUAKE-TRIGGERED LANDSLIDES: A CASE STUDY OF 2017 JIUZHAIGOU(CHINA)MS7.0 EVENT 
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下载免费PDF全文 The MS7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in Sichuan Province of 8 August 2017 triggered a large number of landslides. A comprehensive and objective panorama of these landslides is of great significance for understanding the mechanism, intensity, spatial pattern and law of these coseismic landslides, recovery and reconstruction of earthquake affected area, as well as prevention and mitigation of landslide hazard. The main aim of this paper is to present the use of remote sensing images, GIS technology and Logistic Regression(LR)model for earthquake triggered landslide hazard mapping related to the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. On the basis of a scene post-earthquake Geoeye-1 satellite image(0.5m resolution), we delineated 4834 co-seismic landslides with an area of 9.63km2. The ten factors were selected as the influencing factors for earthquake triggered landslide hazard mapping of Jiuzhaigou earthquake, including elevation, slope angle, aspect, horizontal distance to fault, vertical distance to fault, distance to epicenter, distance to roads, distance to rivers, TPI index, and lithology. Both landsliding and non-landsliding samples were needed for LR model. Centroids of the 4834 initial landslide polygons were extracted for landslide samples and the 4832 non-landslide points were randomly selected from the landslide-free area. All samples(4834 landslide sites and 4832 non-landslide sites)were randomly divided into the training set(6767 samples)and validation set(2899 samples). The logistic regression model was used to carry out the landslide hazard assessment of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake and the results show that the landslide hazard assessment map based on LR model is very consistent with the actual landslide distribution. The areas of Wuhuahai-Xiamo, Huohuahai and Inter Continental Hotel of Jiuzhai-Ruyiba are high hazard areas. In order to quantitatively evaluate the prediction results, the trained model calculated with the training set was evaluated by training set and validation set as the input of the model to get the output results of the two sets. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The ROC curve for LR model was drawn and the AUC values were calculated. The evaluation result shows good prediction accuracy. The AUC values for the training and validation data set are 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. On the whole, more than 78.5% of the landslides in the study area are concentrated in the high and extremely high hazard zones. Landslide point density and landslide area density increase very rapidly as the level of hazard increases. This paper provides a scientific reference for earthquake landslides, disaster prevention and mitigation in the earthquake area. 相似文献
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EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 2008 MS8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE IN YINGXIU AREA 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Strong earthquakes can not only trigger a large number of co-seismic landslides in mountainous areas, but also have an important impact on the development level of geological hazards in the disaster area. Usually, geological hazards caused by strong earthquakes will significantly increase and continue for a considerable period of time before they recover to the pre-earthquake level. Therefore, studying the evolution characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquake is particularly important for the prevention of geological disaster. In this paper, a 66km2 region in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, which was strongly disturbed by the earthquake, was investigated. Firstly, one high-resolution satellite image before the earthquake(April, 2005) and five high-resolution satellite images after the earthquake(June, 2008; April, 2011; April, 2013; May, 2015; May, 2017)were used to interpret and catalog multi-temporal landslide inventories. Secondly, seven primary factors were analyzed in the GIS platform, including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, stratum, lithology, and the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Finally, the evolution of the landslide triggered by earthquake in this region was analyzed by comparing the landslide activity intensity in different periods, using the methods of correlation analysis, regression analysis, and single-factor statistical analysis. It was found that the total area of landslides in the study region decreased sharply from 2008 to 2017, with the area of the co-seismic landslide reducing from 21.41km2 to 1.33km2. This indicates that the magnitude of the landslides has recovered or is close to the pre-earthquake level. Moreover, correlation analysis shows that the elevation has a strong positive correlation with the distance from the nearest water system, and a weak positive correlation with the area. Meanwhile, there is a weak negative correlation between the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Overall, the degree of landslide activity in the study region decreased over time, as well as the number of reactivated landslides and new landslides. The region where the area of earthquake triggered landslides decreased mainly concentrated at an elevation of 1 000m to 2 100m, a slope of 30° to 55°, an aspect of 40° to 180°, and a curvature of -2 to 2. In addition, the lithology of the Pengguan complex in the Yingxiu study region is more conducive to the occurrence of landslides, while the sedimentary rock is more conducive to the landslide recovery. When the distance from the nearest water system is more than 1 600m, the effect of the water system on the landslides gradually decreases. Also, the landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in this area have the characteristics of the hanging wall effect, which means, the number of landslides in the northwestern region is much higher than that in the southeast side. 相似文献
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基于统计学习理论与地理信息系统(GIS)技术的地震滑坡灾害空间预测是一个重要的研究方向,其可以对相似地震条件下地震滑坡的发生区域进行预测.2010年4月14日07时49分(北京时间),青海省玉树县发生了Mw6.9级大地震,作者基于高分辨率遥感影像解译与现场调查验证的方法,圈定了2036处本次地震诱发滑坡,这些滑坡大概分布在一个面积为1455.3 km2的矩形区域内.本文以该矩形区域为研究区,以GIS与支持向量机(SVM)模型为基础,开展基于不同核函数的地震滑坡空间预测模型研究.应用GIS技术建立玉树地震滑坡灾害及相关滑坡影响因子空间数据库,选择高程、坡度、坡向、斜坡曲率、坡位、水系、地层岩性、断裂、公路、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、同震地表破裂、地震动峰值加速度(PGA)共12个因子作为地震滑坡预测因子.以SVM模型为基础,基于线性核函数、多项式核函数、径向基核函数、S形核函数等4类核函数开展地震滑坡空间预测研究,分别建立了玉树地震滑坡危险性指数图、危险性分级图、预测结果图.4类核函数对应的模型正确率分别为79.87%,83.45%,84.16%,64.62%.基于不同的训练样本开展模型训练与讨论工作,表明径向基核函数是最适用于该地区的地震滑坡空间预测模型.本文为地震滑坡空间预测模型中核函数的科学选择提供了依据,也为地震区的滑坡防灾减灾工作提供了参考. 相似文献
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利用新技术、新方法,研究历史强震的发震构造及震害,是修订历史强震震源参数的重要内容.本文以1718年通渭M 7.5地震滑坡为研究对象,采用地质学“将今论古”原理,基于历史文献分析、遥感解译、野外验证等方法获得通渭地震滑坡数据库.研究发现,(1)总解译滑坡数量5019处,总面积635 km^2,滑坡密集沿通渭断裂分布,与X度等震线吻合,但范围均向西、向北各扩展约20 km;(2)与2008年汶川M8地震滑坡相比,面积<10^3 m^2的滑坡大量缺失,面积10^3~10^4 m^2的滑坡部分缺失,面积>10^4 m^2的滑坡数量相当;(3)尽管通渭地震滑坡数据库并不完整,但是能够反映极震区中大型滑坡的总体特征,可据此确定极震区范围;(4)通渭地震极震区至少有27处以“泄山”等记录地震滑坡的地名,这些受滑坡影响的居民点集中在通渭断裂两侧,占比超过50%,是致7万人死亡的重要致灾因素.研究认为,在黄土高原地区,确认密集的中大型滑坡体可能由单次历史强震触发,且排除其他远场强震影响之后,可以利用现今多时相的高分辨率卫星影像解译获得“相对完整”的历史地震滑坡数据库,为历史强震震源参数的修订提供基础资料. 相似文献
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由于逆断层作用,2013年芦山MS 7.0地震诱发的崩滑地质灾害分布表现出了明显的上盘效应与方向效应。在震后应急科考中未发现发震断层的地表破裂带,然而灾区大量出现的地震诱发滑坡、崩塌,加之密集的余震分布、地震烈度调查结果等,提供了确定芦山地震宏观震中、地震动错动方向以及研究地震发震构造等的诸多线索。 统计结果表明,芦山地震诱发的滑坡、崩塌具有明显的优势滑动方向（135°～144°）,该方向揭示了地震断层的错动方向,与震源机制解反映的一致,大体垂直于发震断层的走向;从地震诱发崩塌、滑坡灾害点的分布与密度判断,宏观震中位于宝盛乡北,在仪器记录震中东北约3.6km处;从余震群分布、地震诱发滑坡分布特点及地震等烈度线等,结合以往强震如汶川地震等的调查经验,推测当震级足够大时,发震断层地表破裂带可能通过地质灾害、余震密集区东侧的边缘地带,总体平行于双石-大川断裂。另外,通过分析地层岩性与崩滑地形条件之间的关联性,发现崩滑灾害在某些地层岩性中易发,灾害点呈线性排列的原因是不同地层岩性之间抗风化能力的差异性,造成在地层分界线上形成线性陡崖或高坡度地带,使之在强震作用下容易发生崩塌、滑坡。 相似文献
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2017年8月8日我国四川九寨沟发生里氏7.0级地震.本研究利用基线校正方法获得距震中100km范围内9个强震台站同震位移,基于Sentinel-1卫星干涉SAR影像对获取了InSAR同震形变场.结合GPS形变数据,本研究进行了震源滑动模型联合反演,结果显示此次地震整体以走滑运动为主,释放地震矩约为7.60×1018 N·m(～MW6.52).通过对比模拟形变场和观测值显示,联合反演结果优于单独基于InSAR形变场的反演结果.静态应力变化计算结果显示断层平均静态应力降为1.07MPa.反演滑动模型沿走向和倾角方向拐角波数值分别为0.99×10-4和1.10×10-4.同震静态库仑应力变化计算结果显示共有83.6%的余震位于库仑应力增加的区域,被主震所触发的余震占总数的77.9%,主震对后续余震具有显著触发作用.强地面运动模拟结果显示模拟结果在烈度分布范围和等级方面与调查烈度符合度很高,模拟结果能够很好地反映断层破裂的方向性效应等特征.本研究计算结果显示九寨沟地震无论是平均静态应力降还是拐角波数均低于同类型地震的平均水平,这可能是造成本次地震强地震动水平相对不高的原因. 相似文献
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On August 3, 2014, an MW6.5 earthquake occurred in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, which triggered significant landslides and caused serious ground damages and casualties. Compared with the existing events of earthquake-triggered landslides, the spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides during the Ludian earthquake showed a special pattern. The relationship between the co-seismic landslides and the epicenter or the known faults is not obvious, and the maximum landslide density doesn't appear in the area near the epicenter. Peak ground acceleration (PGA), which usually is used to judge the limit boundary of co-seismic landslide distribution, cannot explain this distribution pattern. Instead of correlating geological and topographic factors with the co-seismic landslide distribution pattern, this study focuses on analyzing the influence of seismic landslide susceptibility on the co-seismic distribution. Seismic landslide susceptibility comes from a calculation of critical acceleration values using a simplified Newmark block model analysis and represents slope stability under seismic loading. Both DEM (SRTM 90m)and geological map (1 ︰ 200￣￣000)are used as inputs to calculate critical acceleration values. Results show that the most susceptible slopes with the smallest critical accelerations are generally concentrated along the banks of rivers. The stable slopes, which have the larger critical accelerations and are comparably stable, are in the places adjacent to the epicenter. Comparison of the distribution of slope stability and the real landslides triggered by the 2014 MW6.1 Ludian earthquake shows a good spatial correlation, meaning seismic landslide susceptibility controls the co-seismic landslide distributions to a certain degree. Moreover, our study provides a plausible explanation on the special distribution pattern of Ludian earthquake triggered landslides. Also the paper discusses the advantages of using the seismic landslide susceptibility as a basic map, which will offer an additional tool that can be used to assist in post-disaster response activities as well as seismic landslides hazards zonation. 相似文献
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天山地区为典型地震活跃区, 为定量分析该构造活跃区强震对周边构造变形和地震活动的影响, 本文基于地震位错理论和岩石圈分层模型计算了天山北部近期发生的2012年伊犁和2017年精河两次M6.6地震对周围地壳形变和应力的影响。 计算结果显示伊犁地震和精河M6.6地震引起震中附近地表同震位移达数厘米, 地表同震应变量级约为10-7; 对比天山北部地区年平均构造形变特征, M6.6强震释放了震中附近近十年的构造主压应变积累; 地震引起震中附近(80 km内)同震库仑应力变化大于1 kPa, 而距震中较远区域活动断层上库仑应力变化微弱。 结合天山北部现今地壳变形特征及区域地震分布, 初步推测两次M6.6地震的发生对震后余震有显著的触发作用, 而对区域后续微震活动的影响微弱。 相似文献
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使用汇集在四川台网中心的固定台站、震后架设的流动台站、周边水库台站等震中距150 km以内的震相数据,选用分层速度模型,对芦山7.0级地震及震后9天内的余震利用双差定位法进行了重新定位.给出了芦山7.0级地震的发震时刻为2013-04-20 08:02:46.8,震中位置30.278°N,102.989°E,震源深度16.67 km,给出了3324次余震的双差定位结果,并对发震构造进行了分析.结果表明:芦山地震主破裂长度约40 km,下倾宽度约20 km,破裂视面积约800 km2,主破裂沿南西走向,倾角约40°.余震震源优势深度为10~22 km.余震沿南西走向,主要集中于大邑-名山断裂上盘. 相似文献
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Over the past geological and historical period, tens of thousands of landslides occurred in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, an area which is characterized by alpine valleys and has been densely populated over the past several hundreds of years. Discussing the triggering factor of these landslides is of great significance to geological hazard mitigation and prevention in this region. In this paper, we focus on four aspects of regional rainfall, shape features of landslide slopes, the corresponding relationship between landslide area and earthquake magnitude, and the recurring features of the reconstructed palaeoearthquake record at Diexi. Compared with those in Nepal, both mean seasonal rainfall accumulation and mean daily rainfall for the past 30 years are too low to reach the threshold values triggering landslides in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Secondly, landslides in the study area are usually absent of inner gorges(canyon topography)on the hillslope toes, which are confirmed in previous studies as typical features of landslides triggered by storms. Thirdly, wide distribution of the landslides in the study area supports our notion of earthquake-triggering because the landslides triggered by storms commonly distribute locally. Fourthly, periodicity analysis of the reconstructed palaeoearthquake record at Diexi provides a few cycles of twenty to thirty years, possibly corresponding to the earthquakes of magnitudes>5.0 or 5.5 which are believed to have caused soft-sediment deformation in the study area. In contrast, like the 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the average recurrence interval of the large earthquakes in the study area is 2.6ka. They caused tens of thousands of landslides and provided more coarse silt particles for the nearby lake sediments at least in 330 years for each time. This is consistent with exponential increase of earthquake magnitude from large to medium and of the landslide area with the increased earthquake magnitude. To sum up, we suggest that tens of thousands of landslides in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River were most likely triggered by earthquakes instead of storms. This preliminary viewpoint needs further examination in the future. 相似文献
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本文以龙门山及周边地区为研究对象，考虑区域地质构造差异、主要活动断裂带、地表附加重力影响，建立能反映地表起伏和岩石圈分层结构的龙门山地区三维粘弹性有限元模型。以地壳水平运动速率观测值为约束条件重建研究区现今构造背景应力场，在此基础上分别模拟了汶川地震和芦山地震的发生机理。通过分析同震库仑破裂应力变化与余震空间分布的关系，探讨了2次地震主震对余震的触发作用以及汶川地震对芦山地震的影响。研究表明，汶川地震和芦山地震的余震大部分由其主震触发，汶川地震对芦山地震的余震有约6.78%的触发作用。汶川地震的同震库仑破裂应力在芦山地震主震位置的增加值约为0.016MPa，如果龙门山断裂带南段库仑破裂应力年累积速率按照0.4×10-3-0.6×10-3MPa·a-1计算，汶川地震使芦山地震提前了约27-40年。计算还表明汶川地震和芦山地震的发生使鲜水河断裂带南段和虎牙断裂的库仑破裂应力增加，这些断裂带在未来发生地震的可能性增加。 相似文献
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The MW6.6 Arketao earthquake occurred on November 25, 2016 in Muji Basin of the Kongur extensional system in the eastern Pamir. The region is the Pamir tectonic knot, one of the two structural knots where the India plate collides with the Eurasian plate. This region is one of the most active areas in mainland China. The seismogenic structure of the earthquake is preliminarily determined as the Muji dextral-slip fault which locates in the north of Kongur extensional system. Based on field surveys of seismic geological hazard, and combined with the characteristics of high altitude area and the focal mechanism solution, this paper summarizes the associated distribution and development characteristics of sandy soil liquefaction, ground fissures, collapse, and landslide. There are 2 macroscopic epicenters of the earthquake, that is, Weirima village and Bulake village. There are a lot of geological hazards distributed in the macroscopic epicenters. Sand liquefaction is mainly distributed in the south of Kalaarte River, and area of sand liquefaction is 1 000m2. The liquefaction material gushed along the mouth of springs and ground fissures, because of the frozen soil below the surface. More than 60% of soil liquefactions are formed in the mouth of springs. According to the trenching, these liquefactions occurred in 1.8 meters underground in the gray green silty clay and silty sand layers. The ground fissures are mainly caused by brittle failure, and the deformation of upper frozen soil layer is caused by the deformation of lower soil layer. The ground fissures at Weirima village are distributed in a chessboard-like pattern in the flood plain of Kalaarte River. In the Bulake village, the main movement features of the ground fissure are tension and sinistral slip, and the directions of ground fissures are 90°~135°. The collapse and landslide are one of the important geological disasters in the disaster area. The rolling stones falling in landslide blocked the roads and smashed the wire rods, and the biggest rolling stone is 4 meters in length. We only found a small landslide in the earthquake area, but there are a large number of unstable slopes and potential landslides in the surroundings. The ground fissures associated with sand liquefaction are an important cause of serious damage to the buildings. 相似文献
16.
2015年尼泊尔MW7.9地震重烈度区从震中向东延伸,致灾范围包括尼泊尔、印度北部、巴基斯坦、孟加拉和中国藏南地区,其应力调整对邻区和周边活动断裂可能产生重要影响.本文基于地震应力触发理论,采用岩石圈地壳分层黏弹性位错模型,计算了尼泊尔MW7.9地震引起的周边断裂,特别是青藏高原活动断裂的同震和震后库仑应力变化.结果显示,尼泊尔地震同震效应引起大部分震区库仑应力升高,余震主要分布在最大同震滑动等值线外部库仑应力升高区域;少量余震靠近最大滑动量区域,可能该区域积累的地震能量在主震期间没有完全释放.尼泊尔地震同震库仑应力对青藏高原,特别是中尼边境区域活动断裂有一定影响.亚东—谷露地堑南段、北喜马拉雅断裂西段、当惹雍错—定日断裂和甲岗—定结断裂同震库仑应力升高,其中当惹雍错—定日断裂南端,北喜马拉雅断裂西段同震库仑应力变化峰值超过0.01 MPa;帕龙错断裂、班公错断裂、改则—洞措断裂库仑应力降低,其地震发生概率有所降低.震后应力影响方面,未来40年内黏弹性松弛作用导致北喜马拉雅断裂、改则—洞措断裂和喀喇昆仑断裂整体应力卸载;藏南一系列正断层震后应力持续上升,其中帕龙错断裂南段受到震后黏弹性库仑应力影响,由应力阴影区逐渐转化为应力增强区,当惹雍错—定日断裂南段应力进一步加强,震后40年其南端应力变化峰值达到0.1345 MPa,亚东—谷露断裂南段应力亦持续增强.藏南正断层的地震活动性值得进一步关注. 相似文献
17.
The 1927 Gulang M8.0 earthquake has triggered a huge number of landslides, resulting in massive loss of people''s life and property. However, integrated investigations and results regarding the landslides triggered by this earthquake are rare; such situation hinders the deep understanding of these landslides such as scale, extent, and distribution. With the support of Google Earth software, this study intends to finish the seismic landslides interpretation work in the areas of Gulang earthquake (VIII-XI degree) using the artificial visual interpretation method, and further analyze the spatial distribution and impact factors of these landslides. The results show that the earthquake has triggered at least 936 landslides in the VIII-XI degree zone, with a total landslide area of 58.6 km2. The dense area of seismic landslides is located in the middle and southern parts of the X intensity circle. Statistical analysis shows that seismic landslides is mainly controlled by factors such as elevation, slope gradient, slope direction, strata, seismic intensity, faults and rivers. The elevation of 2 000-2 800 m is the high-incidence interval of the landslide. The landslide density is larger with a higher slope gradient. East and west directions are the dominant sliding directions. The areas with Cretaceous and Quaternary strata are the main areas of the Gulang seismic landslides. The X intensity zone triggered the most landslides. In addition, landslides often occur in regions near rivers and faults. This paper provides a scientific reference for exploring the development regularities of landslides triggered by the 1927 Gulang earthquake and effectively mitigating the landslide disasters of the earthquake. 相似文献
18.
GIS支持下的地震诱发滑坡危险区预测研究 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
为了满足对地震诱发滑坡危险区预测的不断增长的迫切要求，灾害评价成为帮助决策过程重要的基础工具之一。即使地震滑坡危险性各组份的评价很困难，但地理信息可辅助提出这种灾害制图的有关方法。描述了用于地理信息系统识别和定量计算不同地震滑坡危险区的技术方法，确定了地震烈度、地形坡度、岩土体类型和现存滑坡密度共4个因子参与的地震诱发滑坡危险性分析。在ARC／INFO DRID支持下，进行叠合分析，由此编制了云南省地震诱发滑坡危险区预测图。由地貌学家提出的地震诱发滑坡预测为规划和工程师提供了对区域规划和建筑工程有价值的技术方法。 相似文献
19.
On 10 June 1856, an M61/4 earthquake occurred between Qianjiang, Chongqin and Xianfeng, Hubei, resulting in severe geologic hazard including a series of large-scale landslides. Based on previous work, combining field investigations and remote sensing imagery, we have mapped the locations of three landslides triggered by this event, dominated by slumps. Our field work included observations to every failure slopes and occurrence, lithology and joints of rocks in the surroundings. We also employed an unmanned air plane to take pictures of the study area, yielding high-resolution DEM and DOM data which permit to generate terrain contours with a 2m interval. With these field investigations, we have described the sizes and forms of each slump mass in detail, and studied their generation mechanisms. Our research suggests the following natural conditions are responsible for these seismic landslides. 1)In a tectonic stress field characterized by NW-SE directed principal compressive stress, the slopes received a seismic acceleration from NW to SE in a short time. 2)Strata dip in a direction consistent with the seismic motion, thus the slope was easy to slide along stratum interfaces. 3)The two sets of joints existing in rocks experienced long-term weathering, resulting in connection of partial structural planes and destruction to the intactness of rock bodies. 相似文献
20.
2017年8月8日21时19分在我国四川省北部阿坝州九寨沟县发生了MW6.5左旋走滑型地震.该地震发生在青藏高原巴颜喀拉块体东北缘，东昆仑断裂南东段的塔藏断裂、岷江断裂和虎牙断裂的交汇地带.包括此次地震，近年来在巴颜喀拉块体周缘已发生了九次6级以上强震，表明巴颜喀拉块体周缘主要活动断裂上的应力水平仍处于不断调整之中.本文采用库仑应力模型研究2017年MW6.5九寨沟地震激发的库仑应力变化、该地震与周边地震的应力触发关系以及强震对周边主要活动断裂的应力扰动.强震序列包括周边区域1536-1975年M≥6历史强震和1976-2017年的MW≥ 6 gCMT地震目录中的强震，共计32个.研究结果表明：（1）2017年MW6.5九寨沟地震激发的同震库仑应力变化仅在局部范围内超过0.1×105Pa，且75%的余震（~12.7天）受到该地震明显的同震应力触发作用，而其余25%的余震落在应力影区，采用最优破裂面可以进一步提高同震库仑应力变化与余震分布的空间相关性；（2）2008年MW7.9汶川地震对2017年MW6.5九寨沟地震的发生有一定的促进作用，在后者震源处激发的同震库仑应力变化为（0.026~0.263）×105Pa，震后黏弹性库仑应力变化为（0.010~0.032）×105Pa.该库仑应力的变化范围取决于汶川地震源断层参数和九寨沟地震接收断层参数.2013年MW6.6芦山地震对九寨沟地震的发生几乎没有影响（< 0.001×105Pa）；（3）1654年M8.0甘肃天水南地震对九寨沟地震的发生有明显的促进作用，在九寨沟地震震源处激发的同震库仑应力变化为（0.410~1.266）×105Pa，震后库仑应力变化为（0.147~0.490）×105Pa.1879年M8.0甘肃武都地震可能有比1654年M8.0甘肃天水南地震更强的应力触发作用，但也有可能对九寨沟地震的发生起到抑制作用.在选取的8个九寨沟地震接收断层面上，其中6个接收断层面上该地震所激发的同震库仑应力变化为（0.913~2.364）×105Pa，2个接收断层面上该地震所激发的同震库仑应力变化为（－1.326~－0.454 ）×105Pa；在4个接收断层面上震后库仑应力变化为（0.094~1.072）×105Pa，在另外4个接收断层面上震后库仑应力变化为（－1.593~－0.106）×105Pa.1933年四川叠溪地震对九寨沟地震的发生影响较弱，其所激发的同震库仑应力变化为（0.015~0.080）×105Pa，震后库仑应力变化为（－0.029~0.025）×105Pa；（4）九寨沟地震仅在其附近的岷江断裂北段、塔藏断裂和虎牙断裂南段造成较明显的同震库仑应力变化，其分别为0.09×105Pa、（0.14~2.03）×105Pa和0.25×105Pa.而进一步顾及其余31个强震的库仑应力作用则发现，同震库仑应力增加非常显著的主要活动断裂分段为：岷江断裂北段南侧和岷江断裂南段的库仑应力变化分别升高5.6×105Pa和9.8×105Pa.鲜水河断裂北段南侧库仑应力升高23.0×105Pa，鲜水河断裂南段道孚-康定段的北侧库仑应力升高9.0×105Pa，而最南端库仑应力升高3.0×105Pa；龙门山断裂带中段的北侧库仑应力变化为（6.1~7.4）×105Pa，中段库仑应力增加（2.1~11.5）×105Pa；西秦岭北缘断裂东段库仑应力变化为4.4×105Pa；龙日坝断裂北段最北侧的库仑应力变化为2.0×105Pa；小金河断裂北段库仑应力变化为1.7×105Pa；安宁河断裂北段库仑应力变化为1.6×105Pa；（5）由于下地壳和上地幔的黏弹性松弛作用，所有强震在九寨沟地震震后20年造成的黏弹性库仑应力变化在鲜水河断裂、龙门山断裂中段、塔藏断裂以及秦岭南缘断裂西段比较显著，其分别为：（1.0~3.0）×105Pa、2.8×105Pa、（2.3~2.7）×105Pa和0.9×105Pa.但总体上黏弹性库仑应力变化没有改变各断裂上的同震库仑应力变化空间分布.总的库仑应力变化在鲜水河断裂北段南侧和南段的道孚至康定段北侧、龙门山断裂中段北侧、岷江断裂南段和北段南侧、虎牙断裂、塔藏断裂以及西秦岭北缘东段很显著（均超过4×105Pa）.由于库仑应力明显升高可能预示着地震潜在危险性增强，因此这些断裂分段可能将来需要重点加以关注. 相似文献