共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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本文对积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物含量的不确定度进行了评定,标准曲线采用双误差拟合法,建立了不确定度评定模型,得出几种影响测定结果的因素。 相似文献
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对二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测地下水中六价铬的不确定度来源进行分析、计算和合成,标准曲线的不确定度采用线性双误差拟合。地下水样品测定结果表明,影响测定结果的不确定度因素主要来源于六价铬标准系列溶液配制和样品的重复测定,对地下水样品中六价铬测定的不确定度作了评估。 相似文献
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地面磁共振方法探测地下水趋于成熟.随着研究的深入,磁共振技术在隧道超前探测方面也开展了应用.然而,由于隧道空间特殊环境限制,获取的磁共振信号信噪比极低,解释结果中各参数的确定性值得深思.基于这一问题,本文提出隧道磁共振测深超前探测模型参数不确定度分析方案,实际工作前,根据不同探测目标要求及环境噪声水平,优化仪器装置参数设计,提高解释结果准确性.本文首先在地面磁共振探测理论基础上,推导了考虑天线铺设角度影响的隧道矩形线圈激发场计算表达式,模拟了隧道准全空间磁共振测深正演响应.其次,基于后验模型协方差矩阵,计算模型参数标准偏差因子,划分参数不确定度等级.最后,构建三层含水模型,将第二层含水体作为观测目标.在仿真合成数据的基础上,分别探讨了电阻率、含水量、水体厚度、线圈边长、匝数、线圈旋转角度以及噪声水平等参数对目标含水体测定的影响.通过对比分析,得到如下结论：当探测目标前方地层的电阻率小于10 Ωm时,目标含水体的不确定度随着该电阻率的增大而降低;当该电阻率大于10 Ωm时,其不影响目标含水体的不确定度;目标体前方地层含水量的增大能够明显增加目标含水体的不确定度;目标层电阻率以及含水量对该层含水体的不确定度几乎不造成影响;目标层厚度越大其含水体的确定度越高;线圈边长和匝数的增大都能在很大程度上降低含水体的不确定度;线圈的偏转角度不影响目标体的不确定度;磁共振信号中噪声的幅度越大,含水体参数的不确定度越大.本文的研究结论有助于提高隧道磁共振探测数据反演参数的准确性,同时能够为实际探测提供预先优化参数的分析方案. 相似文献
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冀中地区氟的水文地球化学特征及其与地震关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了冀中地区氟的水文地球化学特征。结果表明,基岩地下水中氟的含量与地下水温度和二氟化碳含量呈正相关趋势,说明除高氟的火山岩地区外,它们是影响地下水中氟含量的主要因素。由于氟与钙能形成难溶化合物氟化钙,因此地下水中钙离子的含量能制约水中氟的增加,只有低钙高钠的地下水才有利于氟离子在水中的富集。最后指出地震孕育过程有可能引起地下水中氟含量的变化,并列举了在某些地震前浅牛_6等井氟出现的可能的前兆变化。 相似文献
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本文在分析铀的水文地球化学特征的基础上，以滇西及甘肃河西两地区部分泉水中铀的动态变化资料为依据，研究了地下水中铀含量变化与上述地区中强地震发生的关系。结果表明，在一定条件下，地震前铀含量异常变化是明显的。本文还对地下水中铀含量异常机理及干扰因素等进行了研究，提出了由于泉点所处地球化学球境的差异，铀异常并非普遍存在，只有活性铀在地下水或围岩中含量较高的水点，才适合于进行铀含量的观测。另外，本文还采用对比观测方法，首次对地下水中铀含量异常与氡含量异常之间关系及水氧异常机理作了新的解释，对利用水中铀含量异常预报地震的可行性进行了论证。 相似文献
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电磁法观测系统中,采样时钟质量直接影响高精度ADC的信噪比,而高精度ADC芯片的信噪比作为电磁法观测系统信号检测非常关键的指标,决定了获取数据的质量.采样时钟的时间抖动是时钟孔径不确定度产生的原因,导致电磁法观测系统中ADC数据转换的信噪比变差,严重影响电磁系统观测质量,为此提出了ADC采样时钟不确定度最大时间抖动的确定方法.该方法通过对ADC采样过程进行时域、频域分析,借助正弦波导数给出采样时钟孔径不确定度引起的采样数据误差数学描述,结合极大值法与ADC信噪比计算方法获取系统信噪比需求范围内的最差时钟孔径不确定度,进而计算出相应采样时钟的最大时间抖动误差.以地球物理仪器中常用的ADC芯片AD7760为例进行了相应的时钟抖动误差计算,确定时钟的孔径不确定度抖动时间.根据信噪比指标确定了时钟孔径不确定度后,采用压控恒温晶振跟踪GPS信号中的秒脉冲的方法,保证时钟抖动误差能够满足AD7760的要求,根据测试表明,在GPS失锁4 h内,时钟输出能够满足技术要求. 相似文献
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水氡观测作为地震活动的一种前兆观测项目,由于受地下水动力条件的影响,会出现不稳定的因素。通过对潜水不完整井氡值变化规律的研究,运用地下水动力学原理,得出潜水不完整井在达到动态平衡状态时取样,可保持氡含量的相对稳定的结论。 相似文献
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观测地下水中氡含量的变化,作为地震予报的一种前兆手 段,已得到地震学界越来越多的人重视.继一九六六年苏联塔什干地震发现震前地下水中氧含量有明显的升高后,我国近些年发生的强震,也证实了震前地下水中的氡含量,不但有趋势性异常,而且有短期的突跳异常.国内利用人工爆破的机会,观测爆破后短时间内地下水中氡含量的变化,得到明显的脉冲式的异常效应.岩石样品的加压实验,样品中若含铀钍矿物较多,样品破裂逸出较多的氡气,数值可达样品未破裂前的几倍.作抽水、注水、注浓度较高的含氡水试验,观测水中氡含量的变化,得到明显的对应关系.上述事实说明,地下水中氡含量的变化,可以敏感地反映介质应力状态的变化.同时地下水状态的变化,也可以影响其氡含量的变化. 相似文献
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Ming Ye Karl F. Pohlmann Jenny B. Chapman Greg M. Pohll Donald M. Reeves 《Ground water》2010,48(5):716-728
This study evaluates alternative groundwater models with different recharge and geologic components at the northern Yucca Flat area of the Death Valley Regional Flow System (DVRFS), USA. Recharge over the DVRFS has been estimated using five methods, and five geological interpretations are available at the northern Yucca Flat area. Combining the recharge and geological components together with additional modeling components that represent other hydrogeological conditions yields a total of 25 groundwater flow models. As all the models are plausible given available data and information, evaluating model uncertainty becomes inevitable. On the other hand, hydraulic parameters (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) are uncertain in each model, giving rise to parametric uncertainty. Propagation of the uncertainty in the models and model parameters through groundwater modeling causes predictive uncertainty in model predictions (e.g., hydraulic head and flow). Parametric uncertainty within each model is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation, and model uncertainty is evaluated using the model averaging method. Two model-averaging techniques (on the basis of information criteria and GLUE) are discussed. This study shows that contribution of model uncertainty to predictive uncertainty is significantly larger than that of parametric uncertainty. For the recharge and geological components, uncertainty in the geological interpretations has more significant effect on model predictions than uncertainty in the recharge estimates. In addition, weighted residuals vary more for the different geological models than for different recharge models. Most of the calibrated observations are not important for discriminating between the alternative models, because their weighted residuals vary only slightly from one model to another. 相似文献
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Weidong Yang Dong Li Zhidong Li Xiaoxiao Zheng Yi Hong Yangqiu Jiao Lizhen Huang Xinran Gao Fengliang Zhao Zhiqiang Zhu Yong Liu 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2019,39(3):71-77
Groundwater contamination with iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) is directly related to drink water safety. It remains challenging to simultaneously remove Fe and Mn from groundwater by conventional physical and chemical methods. Willows (Salix spp.) show promise for co-phytofiltration of Mn and Fe from groundwater. Here, a floating culture system was developed using willows for co-phytofiltration of Mn and Fe from simulated groundwater. Genotypic differences of willows were evaluated in terms of their tolerance to and accumulation of a mixture of Fe and Mn. The results showed that the growth responses of eight genotypes significantly differed to a mixture of Fe and Mn, ranging from growth inhibition to enhancement. Tolerance index analysis further indicated wide variation in the responses of willows. Tissue-specific analysis also revealed genotypic variation in the capacity of willows for translocation and accumulation of Fe and Mn. Compared with other genotypes, SB7 (Salix babylonica) and J842 (S. babylonica × Salix alba) demonstrated higher co-phytofiltration potentials for Fe and Mn based on tolerance, tissue metal concentrations, and shoot metal contents. Thus, both SB7 and J842 are candidates for co-phytofiltration of Fe and Mn from groundwater. 相似文献
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Uncertainty in hydrologic modelling for estimating hydrologic response due to climate change (Santiam River,Oregon) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper explores the predicted hydrologic responses associated with the compounded error of cascading global circulation model (GCM) uncertainty through hydrologic model uncertainty due to climate change. A coupled groundwater and surface water flow model (GSFLOW) was used within the differential evolution adaptive metropolis (DREAM) uncertainty approach and combined with eight GCMs to investigate uncertainties in hydrologic predictions for three subbasins of varying hydrogeology within the Santiam River basin in Oregon, USA. Predictions of future hydrology in the Santiam River include increases in runoff in the fall and winter months and decreases in runoff for the spring and summer months. One‐year peak flows were predicted to increase whereas 100‐year peak flows were predicted to slightly decrease. The predicted 10‐year 7‐day low flow decreased in two subbasins with little groundwater influences but increased in another subbasin with substantial groundwater influences. Uncertainty in GCMs represented the majority of uncertainty in the analysis, accounting for an average deviation from the median of 66%. The uncertainty associated with use of GSFLOW produced only an 8% increase in the overall uncertainty of predicted responses compared to GCM uncertainty. This analysis demonstrates the value and limitations of cascading uncertainty from GCM use through uncertainty in the hydrologic model, offers insight into the interpretation and use of uncertainty estimates in water resources analysis, and illustrates the need for a fully nonstationary approach with respect to calibrating hydrologic models and transferring parameters across basins and time for climate change analyses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Grey degree and grey prediction of groundwater head 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Boundary types and geologic conditions, which possess random and obscure characteristics, produce variations in groundwater heads. In this study, a groundwater flow system was regarded as a grey system and a grey degree defined and quantified those characteristics. Data were obtained from field records in Gao-Shu and De-Xie Stations, which are located in the upper and middle sites of Pingtung Plain, Taiwan, respectively. An estimated interval was used to represent the upper and lower groundwater head limits. The analyses showed that the grey degree in the wet season was smaller than in the dry season. This was due to the greater uncertainty in groundwater pumping and rainfall recharge in the dry season. With high confidence levels, the grey degree of the groundwater heads decreased. Under spatial distribution, the uncertainty of the groundwater pumping and rainfall recharge in the middle zone was greater than in the upper zone because the middle zone included residential districts and agricultural regions. Thus, the grey degree in the upper zone was less than the middle zone. The grey model can be used to predict a groundwater head based on the observed groundwater head data and the random degree in the groundwater head each month can be judged by the grey interval. 相似文献
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Estimating Aquifer Properties Using Derivative Analysis of Water Level Time Series from Active Well Fields 
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下载免费PDF全文 Water level time series from groundwater production wells offer a transient dataset that can be used to estimate aquifer properties in areas with active groundwater development. This article describes a new parameter estimation method to infer aquifer properties from such datasets. Specifically, the method analyzes long‐term water level measurements from multiple, interacting groundwater production wells and relies on temporal water level derivatives to estimate the aquifer transmissivity and storativity. Analytically modeled derivatives are compared to derivatives calculated directly from the observed water level data; an optimization technique is used to identify best‐fitting transmissivity and storativity values that minimize the difference between modeled and observed derivatives. We demonstrate how the consideration of derivative (slope) behavior eliminates uncertainty associated with static water levels and well‐loss coefficients, enabling effective use of water level data from groundwater production wells. The method is applied to time‐series data collected over a period of 6 years from a municipal well field operating in the Denver Basin, Colorado (USA). The estimated aquifer properties are shown to be consistent with previously published values. The parameter estimation method is further tested using synthetic water level time series generated with a numerical model that incorporates the style of heterogeneity that occurs in the Denver Basin sandstone aquifers. 相似文献
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Coupling of groundwater and surface water at Lake Willersinnweiher: Groundwater modeling and tracer studies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ute Wollschläger Johann Ilmberger Margot Isenbeck-Schröter Andreas M. Kreuzer Christoph von Rohden Kurt Roth Wolfgang Schäfer 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(1):138-152
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Using internal catchment information to reduce the uncertainty of discharge and baseflow predictions
《Advances in water resources》2007,30(4):808-823
The semi-distributed hydrological model TOPMODEL was tested with data from the Can Vila research basin (Vallcebre) in order to verify its adequacy for simulating runoff and the relative contributions from saturated overland flow and groundwater flow. After a test of the overall performance of the model, only data from a wet period were selected for this work. The test was performed using the GLUE method. The model was conditioned on continuous discharge and water table records. Furthermore, point measurements of recession flow simultaneous with water table depth and the extent of saturated areas were used to condition the distributions of the more relevant parameters, using new or updated evaluation measures. A wide range of parameter sets provided acceptable results for flow simulation when the model was conditioned on flow data alone, and the uncertainty of prediction of the contribution from groundwater was extremely large. However, conditioning on water table records and the distribution of parameters obtained from point observations strongly reduced the uncertainty of predictions for both stream flow and groundwater contribution. 相似文献
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A. I. Tikhonov A. M. Sobolev V. P. Tikhonov A. V. Vasil’ev S. V. Osipova N. E. Mironova 《Water Resources》2014,41(5):522-531
Integrated uranium-isotopic and microhydrochemical studies were used to develop an indicator model of formation and circulation of drinking groundwater of Neogene-Quaternary deposit and to assess their current ecological state. The paths of subsurface flows of infiltration recharge are identified and traced, and the zones of deep-water inflow are identified and delimited. The total pollution index of groundwater from Neogene-Quaternary aquifer system was found to far in excess of the acceptable level because of an elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, and phosphorus of anthropogenic and deep-seated origin. 相似文献