共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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本文对积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物含量的不确定度进行了评定,标准曲线采用双误差拟合法,建立了不确定度评定模型,得出几种影响测定结果的因素。 相似文献
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根据新近提出的离子选择电极分析误差规律理论,本文对氟电极二次加入法——二次样品加入以及二次标准加入——进行了探讨和应用。结果表明,方法精确度较高,操作简便、快捷。认为适用于地震水化台站对地下水中F~-的日常观测,其中二次样品加入法还可应用于水点水样(特别是热水样)的现场测试。 相似文献
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地面磁共振方法探测地下水趋于成熟.随着研究的深入,磁共振技术在隧道超前探测方面也开展了应用.然而,由于隧道空间特殊环境限制,获取的磁共振信号信噪比极低,解释结果中各参数的确定性值得深思.基于这一问题,本文提出隧道磁共振测深超前探测模型参数不确定度分析方案,实际工作前,根据不同探测目标要求及环境噪声水平,优化仪器装置参数设计,提高解释结果准确性.本文首先在地面磁共振探测理论基础上,推导了考虑天线铺设角度影响的隧道矩形线圈激发场计算表达式,模拟了隧道准全空间磁共振测深正演响应.其次,基于后验模型协方差矩阵,计算模型参数标准偏差因子,划分参数不确定度等级.最后,构建三层含水模型,将第二层含水体作为观测目标.在仿真合成数据的基础上,分别探讨了电阻率、含水量、水体厚度、线圈边长、匝数、线圈旋转角度以及噪声水平等参数对目标含水体测定的影响.通过对比分析,得到如下结论：当探测目标前方地层的电阻率小于10 Ωm时,目标含水体的不确定度随着该电阻率的增大而降低;当该电阻率大于10 Ωm时,其不影响目标含水体的不确定度;目标体前方地层含水量的增大能够明显增加目标含水体的不确定度;目标层电阻率以及含水量对该层含水体的不确定度几乎不造成影响;目标层厚度越大其含水体的确定度越高;线圈边长和匝数的增大都能在很大程度上降低含水体的不确定度;线圈的偏转角度不影响目标体的不确定度;磁共振信号中噪声的幅度越大,含水体参数的不确定度越大.本文的研究结论有助于提高隧道磁共振探测数据反演参数的准确性,同时能够为实际探测提供预先优化参数的分析方案. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(9)
近10多年来LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年技术得到迅速发展和应用,其特点是成本低、分析速度快,U-Pb定年的内部精度可以优于1%,但其外部重现性(准确度)则相对较差.为了定量评估LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年的准确性,本文在多个SIMS和LA-ICPMS实验室对一个中生代闪长质暗色包体的锆石样品(FS06)和一个新元古代闪长岩的锆石样品(WC09-32)进行对比分析.三台SIMS对FS06和WC09-32锆石的U-Pb分析获得了在误差范围一致的定年结果,其最佳形成年龄分别为132.2和760.5 Ma(不确定度~1%,2RSD).6个LA-ICPMS实验室获得的FS06锆石的U-Pb年龄结果范围为(128.3±1.0)~(135.0±0.9)Ma(2SE),WC09-32锆石的U-Pb年龄结果范围为(742.9±3.1)~(777.8±4.7)Ma(2SE),外部误差达到~4%(2RSD).LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年的误差来源包括单点同位素比值测定时引入的误差、用标样计算分馏因子时引入的误差、普通铅校正造成的年龄误差和标准样品推荐值的误差以及数据处理及相关软件的使用.本文的结果客观地反映了目前的LA-ICPMS分析技术对锆石U-Pb定年的不确定度水平在~4%(2RSD).因此,在对LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果的解释和应用时,必须考虑该方法的不确定度水平. 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩有机质二次生烃的化学动力学研究及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对低成熟度的灰岩样品进行人工熟化实验, 获得了不同成熟度的可用于对比研究二次生烃作用的系列样品. 之后, 将人工熟化后的样品在抽提前、后分别置于Rock-Eval热解仪上进行“二次”生烃实验, 在考察其热解产率特征的同时, 探讨各样的化学动力学特征. 结果表明, 二次生烃的是否“提前”或“滞后”及二次生烃潜力与一次生烃是否排出有关, 与初次成烃的中止成熟度有关. 人工熟化样品抽提后, 其平均活化能随成熟度的升高总体上呈增大趋势. 但未经抽提样品的动力学特征则相反. 所标定的经抽提处理和不经抽提处理化学动力学模型在渤海湾盆地和松辽盆地的初步应用表明, 两者的结合可以解释一些前人有关二次生烃研究中存在的相互矛盾的认识, 同时也可以方便地实现对二次生烃量的定量评价. 相似文献
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在ESR测年研究中,被测样品的年代是通过样品的古剂量与样品所接受的年剂量的比值得到的。古剂量则是在实验室内经放射性源的人工辐照模拟自然界的ESR信号增长情况获得的。因此,人工辐照样品吸收剂量的确定成为影响测年可靠性的一个重要因素。目前一般有两种方法确定测年样品的人工辐照吸收剂量值一种是剂量率法,即在辐照前利用标准剂量体系对辐照位置的吸收剂量率进行校准,然后在同一位置辐照被测样品,通过校准得到的吸收剂量率和辐照时间确定样品的吸收剂量,通常所用的标准剂量体系为硫酸亚铁剂量计;另一种是伴随法,即在辐照前将参考剂量计与被测样品一起放到辐射场中辐照,参考剂量计一般采用经标准剂量体系(如硫酸亚铁剂量计或量热计等)校准过的丙氨酸剂量计,照后由参考剂量计直接给出被测样品的吸收剂量。文中就确定吸收剂量的两种方法的可靠性进行了探讨,并利用两种类型的丙氨酸剂量计通过伴随法测定了被测样品的吸收剂量。结果表明,根据目前ESR测年研究中地质样品人工辐照的实际情况,利用伴随法通过参考剂量计确定被测样品的吸收剂量更为实用与可靠 相似文献
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Comparison of three methods of hydrogeological parameter estimation in leaky aquifers using transient flow pumping tests 
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下载免费PDF全文 Accurate knowledge of hydrogeological parameters is essential for groundwater modeling, protection and remediation. Three methods (type curve fitting method, inflection point method and global curve‐fitting method (GCFM)) which are frequently applied in the estimation of leaky aquifer parameters were compared using synthetic pumping tests. The results revealed GCFM could provide best parameter estimation among the three methods with fewer uncertainties associated with the processes of parameter estimation. GCFM was also found to be both time saving and of low cost and is thus more preferable for hydrogeological parameter estimation than the other two methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Kerrie M. Tomkins 《水文研究》2014,28(3):464-481
Discharge time series' are one of the core data sets used in hydrological investigations. Errors in the data mainly occur through uncertainty in gauging (measurement uncertainty) and uncertainty in determination of the stage–discharge relationship (rating curve uncertainty). Thirty‐six flow gauges from the Namoi River catchment, Australia, were examined to explore how rating curve uncertainty affects gauge reliability and uncertainty of observed flow records. The analysis focused on the deviations in gaugings from the rating curves because standard (statistical) uncertainty methods could not be applied. Deviations of greater/lesser than 10% were considered significant to allow for a measurement uncertainty threshold of 10%, determined from quality coding of gaugings and operational procedures. The deviations in gaugings were compared against various factors to examine trends and identify major controls, including stage height, date, month, rating table, gauging frequency and quality, catchment area and type of control. The analysis gave important insights into data quality and the reliability of each gauge, which had previously not been recognized. These included identification of more/less reliable periods of record, which varied widely between gauges, and identification of more/less reliable parts of the hydrograph. Most gauges showed significant deviations at low stages, affecting the determination of low flows. This was independent of the type of gauge control, with many gauges experiencing problems in the stability of the rating curve, likely as a result of sediment flux. The deviations in gaugings also have widespread application in modelling, for example, informing suitable calibration periods and defining error distributions. This paper demonstrates the value and importance of undertaking qualitative analyses of observed records. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This work attempted to locate clean and safe groundwater for irrigation use in the Choushui River alluvial fan. Multiple‐variable indicator kriging (MVIK) was adopted to evaluate numerous hydrochemical parameters for a standard of water quality for irrigation in Taiwan. Many hydrochemical parameters in groundwater were distinguished into three main categories—salinity/sodium hazard, nitrogen hazard and heavy metal hazard. Safe and potential hazardous regions of groundwater for irrigation were delineated according to different probabilities estimated by MVIK. The probabilistic results of the classifications gave an opportunity to explore the spatial uncertainty of the hazards and helped government administrators establish a sound policy associated with the development and management of groundwater resources. Analysis of the results indicate that the central distal‐fan and mid‐fan aquifers are the best places to extract clean and safe groundwater for irrigation, and the deep aquifer (exceeding 200 m depth) has wider regions with clean and safe groundwater for irrigation than shallow aquifers. The northern and southern aquifers, with multiple hazards, limit groundwater use for irrigation. Although the proximal‐fan aquifer is a zone of groundwater recharge, the high nitrogen content seriously affects the environment and is not suitable for irrigation use. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ming Ye Karl F. Pohlmann Jenny B. Chapman Greg M. Pohll Donald M. Reeves 《Ground water》2010,48(5):716-728
This study evaluates alternative groundwater models with different recharge and geologic components at the northern Yucca Flat area of the Death Valley Regional Flow System (DVRFS), USA. Recharge over the DVRFS has been estimated using five methods, and five geological interpretations are available at the northern Yucca Flat area. Combining the recharge and geological components together with additional modeling components that represent other hydrogeological conditions yields a total of 25 groundwater flow models. As all the models are plausible given available data and information, evaluating model uncertainty becomes inevitable. On the other hand, hydraulic parameters (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) are uncertain in each model, giving rise to parametric uncertainty. Propagation of the uncertainty in the models and model parameters through groundwater modeling causes predictive uncertainty in model predictions (e.g., hydraulic head and flow). Parametric uncertainty within each model is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation, and model uncertainty is evaluated using the model averaging method. Two model-averaging techniques (on the basis of information criteria and GLUE) are discussed. This study shows that contribution of model uncertainty to predictive uncertainty is significantly larger than that of parametric uncertainty. For the recharge and geological components, uncertainty in the geological interpretations has more significant effect on model predictions than uncertainty in the recharge estimates. In addition, weighted residuals vary more for the different geological models than for different recharge models. Most of the calibrated observations are not important for discriminating between the alternative models, because their weighted residuals vary only slightly from one model to another. 相似文献
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Trond Reitan Asgeir Petersen-Øverleir 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2008,22(3):351-365
This paper presents a Bayesian approach for fitting the standard power-law rating curve model to a set of stage-discharge
measurements. Methods for eliciting both regional and at-site prior information, and issues concerning the determination of
prior forms, are discussed. An efficient MCMC algorithm for the specific problem is derived. The appropriateness of the proposed
method is demonstrated by applying the model to both simulated and real-life data. However, some problems came to light in
the applications, and these are discussed. 相似文献