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破坏性地震发生后,相关部门根据地震应急预案启动地震应急响应,由于难以在第一时间得到准确和全面的灾情信息,因此支撑地震应急响应级别的判定因素有限。本文通过专家调查法,梳理出影响地震应急响应级别判定的关键因子,并对其赋予一定的权值,得到地震应急响应级别的阀值。当地震发生后,采用专家打分的形式计算出1个地震应急响应级别的判定值,通过判定值和阀值区间的关系,判定地震应急响应级别。最后,抽取了2011年以来云南境内发生的10次破坏性地震作为检验样本,结果证明该方法对应率较高,具有一定的适用性。 相似文献
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提出余震序列动态模拟及三维地形可视化功能的实现方法和关键技术,以ArcEngine为开发组件,实现数据管理、专题查询、余震地震序列动态模拟、地形分析、三维浏览显示等功能,建立基于ArcEngine的应急三维可视化系统.在2011年云南缅甸7.2级地震、盈江5.8级地震应急响应中,系统在余震序列动态模拟生成、三维地形模拟显示、影响场破裂方向初判及宏观震中判定上取得良好效果. 相似文献
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2012-02-16河源发生4.8级地震,地震发生后,广东省地震局地震现场工作队迅速赶赴现场,进行地震加密观测、震害调查评估、科学考察、新闻宣传、协助当地政府决策等地震现场应急处置工作,通过分析河源4.8级地震应急处置工作中的震前准备、震后应急以及在地震应急工作中遇到的问题,对地震应急处置工作提出改进的建议和未来发展的对策。 相似文献
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震后开展灾情快速评估工作可为政府部门确定重点救援区域、部署救援队伍、调配救援物资等应急处置提供重要的信息决策支撑。基于云南新研制的地震灾害快速评估系统,完成了2021年5月21日云南大理漾濞县6.4级地震灾情快速评估及科技保障任务。实际应用结果表明:经过升级优化的地震快速评估软件,在系统稳定性、运算效率、应急产品丰富度、信息推送服务等技术指标有了显著提升,灾情评估结果与实际结果基本一致,满足互联网时代应急处置的新要求。 相似文献
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着重分析海南省市县地震应急评估系统关键技术和部署要点,在2018年保亭2.9级地震发生后,该系统在应急成果产出、应急决策中发挥了重要服务作用,充分表明,海南省市县地震应急评估系统是全省地震应急联动服务工作的重要业务支撑平台。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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