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1.
Suspended sediment adsorbs pollutants from flowing water in rivers and deposits onto the bed. However, the pollutants accumulated in the river bed sediment may affect the bio-community through food chain for a long period of time. To study the problem the concentration of heavy metals （Cr, Cd, Hg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb and As） in water, sediment, and fish/invertebrate were investigated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2006-2007. The concentrations of heavy metals were 100-10,000 times higher in the sediment than in the water. Benthic invertebrates had relatively high concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues due to their proximity to contaminated sediments. Benthic invertivore fish had moderately high concentrations of heavy metals whereas phytoplanktivore fish, such as the silver carp, accumulated the lowest concentration of heavy metals. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Fe were higher than Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As in the tissue samples. The concentration of heavy metals was lower in the river sediments than in the lake sediments. Conversely, the concentration of heavy metals was higher in river water than in lake water. While a pollution event into a water body is often transitory, the effects of the pollutants may be long-lived due to their tendency to be absorbed in the sediments and then released into the food chain. The heavy metals were concentrated in the following order： bottom material 〉 demersal fish and benthic fauna 〉 middle-lower layer fish 〉 upper-middle layer fish 〉 water.  相似文献   

2.
The lake investigated (Lake Heiliger See near the town of Angermünde, North-East Germany) is small (10.2 ha) but deep (zmax = 12 m, ? = 6.5 m). During summer the thermocline is at a depth of 4-5 m, and the hypolimnion is filled with H2S already by mid-June, making 60-75% of the bottom area inaccessible to fish. The native fish fauna is dominated by planktivorous roach (Rutilus rutilus). A test stocking of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) together with an unplanned and erroneous stocking of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), coupled with an incorrectly calculated strong stocking of eel (Anguilla anguilla), which assumed that the total lake area yielded fish food organisms, brought about a strong depression of the food biomass available to native fish. Both silver carp and common carp showed a pattern of behaviour which only partly agreed with results obtained in experimental ponds prior to lake stocking. At least for 10 years there was a very low zooplankton biomass (mostly below 1 mg/l fresh weight) caused by silver carp and a strongly reduced benthos biomass (frequently below 1 g/m2 fresh weight) caused by common carp and eel on H2S-free bottom areas. Despite this extreme situation, which lasted for 20 years and is rarely found in lakes elsewhere, it was not possible to demonstrate negative effects on the native fish fauna comprising 16 species. Also the dominance pattern seems uninfluenced in the long run. A strong decline of the catchable roach stock was observed for some years, but the stock reappeared soon in comparable quantity. During the time of roach stock depression the individual growth of roach (and common carp) was particularly low. Nevertheless, roach succeeded in reproduction during this time in spite of the reduced zooplankton and detritus concentrations. Fry numbers per year ranged from 500-15 000 individuals/ha. The pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) was perhaps the most endangered species of all those living at small population numbers in the lake, since its fry is confined to the limnion where competition from silver carp and adult roach and perhaps predation by roach is highest. However the pike perch stock remained unchanged at the low level of 1950, the time prior of carp and eel stocking. All other rare species of Lake Heiliger See spawn in the littoral zone where fry survival conditions were less impacted. In summary, we present more evidence that the fish fauna of cyprinid lakes is more robust than in salmonid lakes. The regulation capacity of fish communities of eutrophic lakes seems to be able to offset even severe direct and indirect influences of fisheries management.  相似文献   

3.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,78(1-2):258-266
Twelve marine fish species collected from a thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) breeding colony in northern Hudson Bay in the Canadian Arctic during 2007–2009 were analyzed for legacy organochlorines (e.g. PCBs, DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) and sulfonates (PFSAs), and total mercury (Hg). No one species of prey fish had the highest levels across all contaminant groups analyzed. For the two pelagic fish species sampled, concentrations of the major organochlorine groups (e.g. Σ21PCB, ΣDDT, ΣCHL, ΣCBz), ΣPBDE, ΣPFCA and Hg were consistently higher in Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) than in capelin (Mallotus villosus). Biomagnification factors from whole fish to thick-billed murre liver across all species were generally higher for Σ21PCB and ΣDDT. ΣPBDE did not biomagnify.  相似文献   

4.
In this study, the bioremediation potentials of two seaweeds (Sargassum hemiphyllum and S. henslowianum) against pollution in a coastal mariculture area of Shenzhen, South China, were investigated by comparing the growth, nutrient bioaccumulation capacity of plants from the seaweed bed (control site) with plants from the fish farm. Results indicated that both species are potential candidates for bioremediation in the fish farm areas in terms of their high growth rates and high bioaccumulation capacities on inorganic nutrients. Both Sargassum spp. contain high levels of crude protein (11.7–14.0%) and crude fat (2.2–2.7%), suggesting high nutritional values. The S. hemiphyllum may serve as a good aquaculture fodder with high nutritional compositions and low heavy metal contents. However, heavy metals (Cr, Pb and Cd) of S. henslowianum exceed the maximum allowable concentrations as aquatic feed, which restricts its fodder application. In general, the results of this study may contribute to the marine pollution bioremediation in the coastal areas of South China, especially in mariculture zones.  相似文献   

5.
A geographically extensive investigation was carried out to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals, PCBs and OCPs in the sediments and marine organisms collected from the Liaohe Estuary. In order to determine the spatial distribution and potential ecological risk of heavy metals, the surface sediments were collected from 44 sites in the Liaohe Estuary. The results showed that the heavy metal contents in the sediments were observed in the following order: Cr (11.2–84.8 mg/kg) > Cu (1.7–47.9 mg/kg) > Pb (4.3–28.3 mg/kg) > As (1.61–12.77 mg/kg) > Cd (0.06–0.47 mg/kg) > Hg (0.005–0.113 mg/kg). In comparison with the concentrations of heavy metals and POPs in other regions, the concentrations of As, Pb and DDTs in the Liaohe Estuary were generally low, and other pollutant concentrations were inconsistent with those reported in other regions. The contamination factor (CF), the pollution load index (PLI), the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index were used to analyze the pollution situation, which showed that the heavy metal pollution in Liaohe Estuary is mainly dominated by Cd and Hg. The concentrations of the four heavy metals varied significantly in the three kinds of tested organisms (fish, mollusk and crustacean), indicating the different accumulative abilities of the species. The results obtained in this study provide useful information background information for further ecology investigation and management in this region.  相似文献   

6.
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7.
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8.
近几年我国水电站过鱼设施设计已将过鱼对象游泳能力作为重要参考. 以我国8个水电站主要过鱼对象为研究目标,在野外实验设施条件下测试了15种鱼(四大家鱼组、裂腹鱼组和鳅组)的感应流速和爆发游泳速度. 采用多元线性回归法分别分析了各组鱼体长及水温对游泳能力的影响,并构建了优化的游泳能力预测模型. 结果表明,四大家鱼组、裂腹鱼组和鳅组的感应流速和爆发游速皆与体长呈负相关,感应流速与水温也皆呈负相关关系. 水温升高使四大家鱼组和裂腹鱼组的爆发游速能力增强,而水温对鳅组鱼的爆发游速影响不大,可能与鳅科鱼类特殊的腹部吸附行为有关. 利用绘制的鱼感应水流和爆发未疲劳的数量百分比的生存曲线进行上行及下行过鱼设施流速设计. 结果表明：当鱼感应水流的数量百分比为90 % 时,四大家鱼、裂腹鱼和鳅组幼鱼感应流速分别为3.00、1.67和3.22 BL/s,裂腹鱼和鳅组成鱼感应流速分别为1.27和2.09 BL/s;当鱼爆发未疲劳的数量百分比为90 % 时,四大家鱼、裂腹鱼和鳅组幼鱼爆发游泳速度分别为8.13、9.27和9.61 BL/s,裂腹鱼和鳅组成鱼爆发游泳速度分别为7.64和7.77 BL/s. 当以裂腹鱼或鳅成鱼为主要过鱼对象时,上行过鱼设施内流速范围建议为1.27~7.64和2.09~7.77 BL/s. 当以四大家鱼、裂腹鱼或鳅幼鱼为主要过鱼对象时,下行过鱼设施入口流速建议小于8.13、9.27和9.61 BL/s. 本研究结果可为我国水电站主要过鱼对象的过鱼设施设计提供参考依据.  相似文献   

9.
水体生态环境中的微塑料与重金属污染问题正日益受到热切关注为探讨微塑料与重金属对水产品的复合生态效应,选择鄱阳湖饶河段优势淡水鱼为研究对象,对鱼体内微塑料及重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr等元素的生物累积作用进行分析与评价结果表明:调查区域水环境中微塑料的丰度范围10～64 items/L,平均值38.56 items/L. 8种淡水鱼消化道微塑料丰度范围为1.21～9.11 items/g,平均丰度为5.40 items/g;鳃部丰度范围0.61～5.00 items/g,平均丰度为2.87 items/g;微塑料类型主要有碎片类、纤维类、薄膜类和颗粒类4种,其聚合物成分主要为聚乙烯(PE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚苯乙烯(PS);颜色以透明及彩色为主;微塑料粒径范围为0.01～9.5 mm,粒径0.5 mm的微塑料所占比例为79.07%,鱼体内与其生存水环境中微塑料的丰度特征(形态、粒径、颜色和聚合物类型组分比例)具有一定相似性各鱼类对微塑料的累积系数(BAF)平均值为178.29,不同鱼类累积微塑料的能力大小次序为:乌鳢(Channa argus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)鲦鱼(Hemicculter leuciclus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲶鱼(Silurus asotus)鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、刀鱼(Coilia ectenes)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)鱼体肌肉组织内重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr的平均含量分别为4.27、0.13、0.28、11.73、0.53 mg/kg,均符合无公害水产品的要求且低于人体消费卫生标准,属于安全食用范围;鱼类对5种不同重金属的累积能力大小次序为ZnCuCdPbCr,不同鱼类对不同重金属的累积能力具有差异性通过扫描电镜(SEM)与能谱分析(EDS)检测到各类型微塑料表面均有上述5种重金属元素,证实微塑料可能成为重金属的附着载体,相关性分析表明微塑料与Cu呈极显著相关,与Cd、Pb均呈显著相关;微塑料的存在一定程度上会增强Cu、Cd与Pb的累积效应,并可能产生复合污染效应.  相似文献   

10.
Effects on sediments of fish farming activity near Vrgada Island was analysed through living and total foraminiferal assemblages and concentration of major, minor and trace elements from three sediment cores. Elemental concentrations of sediments are in accordance with carbonate characteristics of the surrounding area and show mostly natural element variations between sampling locations and throughout the cores, with no significant increases due to fish farming activity. Only phosphorus concentration shows elevate values below the fish cage, assigned to fish pellets. Foraminiferal communities are dominated by epifaunal and stress tolerant species, while diversity indices point to normal marine conditions. The type of substrate and phosphorus content in sediments principally influence foraminiferal community composition, while other elemental concentrations have no perceptible effect on the assemblages. Some foraminiferal species Ammoniatepida, Ammoniabeccarii, Elphidiumcrispum, Elphidiummacellum and genus Haynesina are confirmed to be tolerant to elevated nutrient (phosphorus) content, while Ammonia parkinsoniana shows sensitivity to pollution. Postmortem processes cause decrease of foraminiferal density and species richness with core depth. All results point to negligible influence of fish farming and relatively stable environmental conditions at all sampling locations.  相似文献   

11.
Both the diversity and abundance of water column phytophilous macroinvertebrates (PMI) were related to the fish stocking density, physico-chemical parameters in the water and semi-quantity of littoral aquatic macrophytes (AM). PMI were sampled in ponds with two types of polyculture 0+ or 2+/3+ common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The carp stock was combined with predatory fish pike (Esox lucius) or catfish (Silurus glanis) and herbivorous fish grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and/or silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in semi-intensively managed fishponds. Both the diversity of PMI community and abundance of most of the PMI trophic groups were negatively correlated with water depth and grass carp stocking density. Moreover diversity of PMI community was higher inside the beds of AM than in edge sites connected with open water. Neither polyculture with low stocking density of common carp 2+/3+ nor polyculture of common carp 0+ in the semi-intensively managed fishponds had a significant influence on the diversity of the PMI community. The abundance of PMI taxonomic groups was influenced by: (1) semi-quantity of reed sweet-grass (Glyceria maxima), (2) concentration of dissolved oxygen, (3) water depth, (4) common carp age 0+ or 2+/3+ and (5) quantity of fertilizer. Most of the PMI families were found in very shallow sites which were protected from fish, although environmental conditions there were more unfavourable, especially low oxygen concentration. The relationship between Glyceria maxima and PMI families seems to be related to its semi-terrestrial habitat (low water depth), growth dynamics and/or presence of aerenchyma. Supplemental food for fish increased the abundances of all of the PMI trophic groups.  相似文献   

12.
The study reports for the first time on the heavy metal contamination of the waters surrounding a shipwreck lying on the sea floor. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry has been used for a survey of the total and dissolved Cd, Pb and Cu contents of the seawater at the site of the sinking of the Nicole M/V (Coastal Adriatic Sea, Italy). Results show that the hulk has a considerable impact as regards all three metals in the bottom water, especially for the particulate fraction concentrations, which increased by factors of ∼9 (Cd), ∼3 (Pb) and ∼5 (Cu). The contaminated plume extended downstream for about 2 miles. Much lower contamination was observed for dissolved bottom concentrations; nevertheless Pb (0.56 ± 0.03 nmol/L) is higher than the Italian legal limits established for 2015 and Cd (0.23 ± 0.03 nmol/L) is very close the limit of Cd will be exceeded if the hulk is not removed.  相似文献   

13.
Human activities in Lake Fuxian and its catchment have caused environmental changes that are preserved in the geochemical records of lake sediments. Human activities responsible for the environmental changes include agriculture, mining, industrial development, and fishery management. To elucidate human impacts on this deep water body during the past several decades, two short sediment cores were collected from the lake, dated by 137Cs, and analyzed for several geochemical variables (total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), δ13C and heavy metals). The multi-proxy geochemical and isotopic evidence can be used to divide the limnological record into a 3-part history. Although increasing inputs of chromium (Cr) had begun as early as the 1950s, human activities, including heavy metal contamination, apparently had little effect on lacustrine production, as δ13C, TOC, TN and TOC/TN were relatively constant until the 1980s. Mining and industry have generated large amounts of heavy metal elements such as Zn, Pb and Cd that have been deposited into the lake since the 1980s, increasing to their highest concentrations over the last decades. Zn, Pb and Cd probably were released by industrial processes such as the manufacture of cement. Cr concentrations increased at site FB, but declined at site FZ, most likely due to the closer proximity of site FB to the source of metal production. From the middle of the 1980s, the decreased δ13C, and increased TOC, TN and TOC/TN suggest a broad change in lake ecology. In the 1980s, a new fish species was introduced into Lake Fuxian and fish yields increased quickly, which may mark the beginning of a change in ecosystem structure.  相似文献   

14.
A stable extractor of metal ions was synthesized through azo linking of o‐hydroxybenzamide (HBAM) with Amberlite XAD‐4 (AXAD‐4) and was characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectral, and thermal studies. Its water regain value and hydrogen ion capacity were found to be 12.93 and 7.68 mmol g?1, respectively. The optimum pH range (with the half‐loading time [min], t1/2) for Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions were 2.0–4.0 (5.5), 2.0–4.0 (7.0), 2.0–4.0 (8.0), 4.0–6.0 (9.0), 4.0–6.0 (12.0), and 2.0–4.0 (15.0), respectively. Comparison of breakthrough and overall capacities of the metals ascertains the high degree of column utilization (>70%). The overall sorption capacities for Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions were found to be 0.29, 0.22, 0.20, 0.16, 0.13, and 0.11 mmol g?1 with the corresponding preconcentration factor of 400, 380, 380, 360, 320, and 320, respectively. The limit of preconcentration was in the range of 5.0–6.3 ng mL?1. The detection limit for Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) were found to be 0.39, 0.49, 0.42, 0.59, 0.71, and 1.10 ng mL?1, respectively. The AXAD‐4‐HBAM has been successfully applied for the analysis of natural water, multivitamin formulation, infant milk substitute, hydrogenated oil, urine, and fish.  相似文献   

15.
River water and sediment embody environmental characteristics that give valuable eco-environmental information.Due to rapid industrialization,the aquatic environment of any urban river can be seriously polluted by heavy metals（HMs）.The global concern is caused by heavy metal pollution because of its potential harm to aquatic ecosystems and human health.In the Bhairab River,Bangladesh,surface sediment concentrations of globally alarming toxic metals such as arsenic（As）,chromium（Cr）,cadmium（Cd）,an...  相似文献   

16.
The ability of seven hyperaccumulator macrophytes which grow naturally in the heavy metal contaminated channels of three different industries (Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd., Eveready Ltd., and Scooter India Ltd.) to accumulate heavy metals was recorded. All these industries use electroplating processes in their manufacturing and are located in the inner area of Lucknow City, U.P., India. Of the three industries monitored, effluent released from Eveready Ltd. contained the highest concentration of heavy metals. In general, accumulations of heavy metals depend upon the plant species and the metal concentration in the media. All plant samples showed heterogeneous metal accumulations, except for Fe or Cd. It was observed that some plant species accumulated high level of metals, e. g., Eichhornnia crassipes for Fe (4052.44 μg/g), Mn (788.42 μg/g), and Cu (315.50 μg/g), and Spirodela polyrhiza for Cd (12.75 μg/g), Pb (20.25 μg/g), and Cr (128.27 μg/g), even when the metal concentrations were not high in the effluent. In summary, these two plants were found to be the best accumulators at each contaminated site. The results will be helpful in the selection of plant species which can be used as bioaccumulators or bioindicators.  相似文献   

17.
Excessive macrophyte biomass and cyanobacterial blooms associated with eutrophication and possibly exotic fish frequently compromise freshwater systems. In this study, 20 large (∼3.2 m3), replicated enclosures were used to investigate the effects of piscivorous Australian bass (Macquaria novemaculeata), planktivorous gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki (Girard)), benthivorous carp (Cyprinus carpio), and macrophyte removal on water quality, as well as trophic interactions within the enclosures. Fish effects on reservoir water quality were carp > gambusia > bass. Cryptomonads spp. (54,083 cells/mL) and Anabaena spp. (47,983 cells/mL) increased significantly (63 and 23 fold, respectively) in carp enclosures, possibly because of physiological adaptation to low light, high turbidity, total phosphorus concentrations (TP) and low TN: TP ratios (N-limitation); a consequence of carp benthic grazing. Carp and gambusia caused an unconventional shift from smaller to medium sized zooplankton (e.g. Boeckella sp., Bosmina meridionalis), possibly a result of copepod nauplius grazing. In the subtropical system studied, fish-induced nutrient recycling appears more important to the outcome of bio-manipulation than grazing impacts. Macrophyte harvesting unexpectedly decreased phytoplankton biomass linked to declines in Euglenophyta and diatoms (Asterionella spp.). Cyanophyta (Oscillatoriales spp./Anabaena spp.) increased in response to macrophyte harvesting and was consistent with findings on European lakes that Cyanophyta abundance tends to be higher in the absence of macrophytes. Results indicate exotic fish removal, nutrient loading control and macrophyte conservation is important in these aquatic systems to maintain high water quality.  相似文献   

18.
Fish may affect macrobenthic communities through trophic interactions and modification of habitat conditions. We compared the density, diversity and taxonomic composition of larval chironomids under low vs high fish impact, created by stocking semi-natural ponds with either young/small common carp Cyprinus carpio at low biomass densities or with high biomass densities of older/large common carp, supplemented by other cyprinids and predatory fish species.Over the study season, May–August, total chironomid abundance was considerably lower in ponds with high fish biomass than in low fish biomass ponds. In July–August larval densities declined significantly, irrespective of the fish status of the ponds. The composition of larval communities diverged between ponds with different fish status. Chironomus riparius and C. plumosus accounted for most of the observed dissimilarity. C. plumosus densities were not affected by the fish status of the pond, constituting on average >38 % of chironomid specimens in both types of ponds. C. riparius was abundant in ponds with low fish biomass (on average 30 %), but rare in ponds with high fish biomass (4 %). Other common taxa were Glyptotendipes pallens (15 % and 13 %, respectively) and Procladius sp. (14 % in ponds with low fish impact). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that fish biomass was more important in determining chironomid community composition than environmental variables indicative of pond eutrophication (total N, P, chlorophyll a and conductivity).Despite adverse effects on total abundance, chironomid diversity was higher under apparently stronger trophic pressure by fish. Fish may have relieved some chironomid species from invertebrate predation and competition with dominant Chironomus larvae. Other important drivers of chironomid assemblage and diversity patterns may include species-specific feeding modes and prey size selectivity of fish, the ability of chironomid larvae to attain size- and depth-refuge from small fish but not larger fish, and differential vulnerability of free-living and tube-dwelling larvae relative to ontogenetic niche shifts of fish.  相似文献   

19.
In order to investigate the pollution levels, sources and ecological risks of arsenic (As) and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary, the surface sediment in areas of inshore coastal waters were sampled in October 2014 as the flow-sediment regulation project (FSRP) was implemented for 13 years. Results showed that the concentrations of As and heavy metals in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary were in the order of Zn?>?Cr?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?As?>?Cd. Higher levels of As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb generally occurred in fine-grained sediments of the Yellow River estuary and the southeast region, which was consistent with the spatial distribution of clay. In contrast, higher concentrations of Cd were generally observed in northwest area of the Yellow River estuary and near the Qingshuigou estuary, which showed similarly spatial distribution with that of sand. The sediment quality guidelines (SQGS) and geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) indicated that the inshore sediments were polluted by Cu, Cd, As, Pb and Zn, and, among them, Cd pollution was more serious. Ecological risk indices (E r i ) demonstrated low risks for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and As, and high potential toxicity by Cd. The integrated ecological risk index implied that 6.8% of stations presented moderate risk, 4.5% of stations exhibited disastrous risk, and 88.7% of stations demonstrated considerable risk. Principal component analysis indicated that Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and As might originate from common pollution sources, while Cr and Cd might share another similar sources. With the continuous implementation of FSRP, As and heavy metal levels in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary could be classified as stage I (2002–2010) and stage II (2010–2014). In the stage I, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb levels fluctuated but decreased significantly, whereas Cd concentrations showed little variation. In the stage II, As and heavy metal levels significantly increased although some little fluctuations occurred. The continuous accumulation of As and heavy metals (especially for Cd) in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary would occur again as the FSRP was implemented for 9 years (since 2010). The ecotoxicological risk of Cd, As, Ni and Cu in inshore sediments might be more serious since the accumulation of the four elements would be continuously occurred in future years. Next step, there will be long-term potential consequences for marine organism if effective measures are not taken to control the loadings of metal pollutants into estuary.  相似文献   

20.
The partitioning and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and fish samples from the Dongjiang River (DR), Pearl River (PR), and the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) were examined. Although PAHs are much lower in PRE than in DR or PR, PAHs in some fish species are significantly higher in PRE than in DR or PR. Aqueous or particulate PAHs respectively show significant correlations with dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic matter, and chlorophyll a, suggesting that biological pumping effect regulates their distribution. The in situ partitioning coefficients (log Koc) for PAHs are one order magnitude higher than the empirical log Koc–log Kow correlation. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is slightly higher for the marine fish than for the freshwater fish. The above phenomena indicate that BCF may vary due to the diversity of fish species, feeding habits, and metabolism of PAHs in fish.  相似文献   

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