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《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(8)
地貌演化受到区域构造抬升、气候变化和河流动力学共同调节.然而,如何通过地表剥蚀和河流下切作用来区分这些机制仍存在争议.本文对贵州高原地区洞穴沉积物、现代河流沉积物和基岩中石英颗粒的原位宇宙成因核素~(10)Be、~(26)Al和~(21)Ne含量进行分析,探讨了~(21)Ne在地质年代学中的适用性,并讨论了该地区第四纪地貌演化历史.通过~(26)Al-~(10)Be和~(21)Ne-~(10)Be核素对的对比分析,我们发现石英样品中由U和Th衰变产生的核反应成因~(21)Ne含量不可忽视,同时也有可能存在继承性宇宙成因~(21)Ne.在前人的研究基础上,我们总结了宇宙成因核素~(21)Ne精确定年须注意的几个方面:(1)评估样品中核反应成因~(21)Ne的贡献;(2)避免采集有复杂埋藏历史的样品以排除继承性~(21)Ne的影响;(3)对第四纪样品~(10)Be-~(26)Al-~(21)Ne三核素联用.基于~(26)Al-~(10)Be核素对计算出的样品埋藏年代和流域在埋藏前的剥蚀速率,我们确定了贵州高原地区不同时间尺度地表剥蚀速率和河流下切速率的变化.不同时间尺度的~(26)Al-~(10)Be流域剥蚀速率、~(36)Cl剥蚀速率和现代河流剥蚀速率的一致性,表明贵州高原景观尺度的地表剥蚀速率可能在第四纪以来已经达到稳定状态.该地区河流下切速率略高于局部地表剥蚀速率,表明区域构造抬升导致的河流动力学可能尚未达到稳定状态. 相似文献
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地表岩石中21Ne和22Ne有多种来源:宇宙成因、原位放射性成因、捕获的地壳源放射性成因和捕获的微量大气.本研究报道了首次在中国开展的对地表石英中宇宙成因21Ne和22Ne的测定工作.我们采用了一个独创的样品前处理方法,有效地去除了石英中的包体,最大限度地减少了放射性成因21Ne和22Ne的贡献.多阶段加热结果表明南极格罗夫山地区哈丁山地表岩石样品R9202和R9203中宇宙成因21Ne和22Ne的含量分别为(3.83±0.87)×108和(5.22±0.51)×108atom·g-1,其相应的最小暴露年龄为(2.2±0.5)和(3.0±0.3)Ma,表明哈丁山顶的暴露至少从上新世中期就已开始. 相似文献
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地表岩石中21Ne和22Ne有多种来源: 宇宙成因、原位放射性成因、捕获的地壳源放射性成因和捕获的微量大气. 本研究报道了首次在中国开展的对地表石英中宇宙成因21Ne和22Ne的测定工作. 我们采用了一个独创的样品前处理方法, 有效地去除了石英中的包体, 最大限度地减少了放射性成因21Ne和22Ne的贡献. 多阶段加热结果表明南极格罗夫山地区哈丁山地表岩石样品R9202和R9203中宇宙成因21Ne和22Ne的含量分别为(3.83±0.87)×108和(5.22±0.51)×108 atom·g-1, 其相应的最小暴露年龄为(2.2±0.5)和(3.0±0.3) Ma, 表明哈丁山顶的暴露至少从上新世中期就已开始. 相似文献
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利用就地产生的宇宙成因核素＾１０Ｂｅ测定了蒙古西部戈壁阿尔泰地区被一条主要活断层断错的冲积面的最小暴露年龄。由此得出该断的最大滑动速率约为１．２ｍｍ／ａ。也说明宇宙成因同位素测定暴露年龄对第四纪构造分析的重要意义。 相似文献
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三营组是一套河湖相沉积,沿红河断裂及其西北延伸线分布,主要出露在洱源附近.三营组中夹多层草煤,与下伏三叠系灰岩呈不整合接触,上覆第四纪砾石和松散沉积物.我们通过宇宙成因核素埋藏年龄法定量证明了三营组沉积于上新世,其顶部第四纪砾石层的宇宙成因核素埋藏年龄提供了三营组结束时间:2 Ma.从空间分布和沉积时间上看,三营组的形成与红河断裂和剑川断裂相关:中新世末期由于红河断裂和剑川断裂的触发,在洱源一带断裂拉张区形成断陷盆地,在红河断裂中南段一些拉张区也形成局部断陷湖盆,金沙江南流水系提供水源沉积了三营组.第四纪初期由于云岭山脉的隆起阻断了金沙江南去的水流,红河断裂带拉张区多数断陷湖盆干涸,结束了河湖相沉积. 相似文献
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原地宇宙成因核素测年方法在地质及地理研究领域应用广泛,测年对象众多。石英因其致密的晶体结构不易被大气成因10Be污染,以及较低的27Al含量的特点而成为宇宙成因核素测年方法中一种理想的测年物质。在分离石英样品10Be和26Al的实验流程中,石英的提纯是其中的一个关键环节。原始的HCl/H2O2和HF/HNO3蚀刻分离提纯石英方法应用广泛、安全可靠,但处理样品周期长、效率较低。因此,在原始流程的基础上,设计了3组实验流程与原始流程进行对比。结果显示,在样品石英纯度较高的基础上,可以通过减少超声波使用时间、增加蚀刻溶液浓度及每步样品处理量的方法,提高样品的处理效率,同时可以用加热磁力搅拌器替代超声波清洗器进行石英样品的HF/HNO3蚀刻提纯 相似文献
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中国第16次南极考察队回收的GRV 99027的宇宙成因核素10Be和26Al的含量分别为(14.1±0.6)和(67.5±3.4) dpm/kg, 从10Be的含量计算出GRV 99027的宇宙线暴露年龄为(4.4±0.6) Ma, 而其过高的26Al的含量表明来自太阳射线的影响. 幔源火星陨石GRV 99027, LEW 88516, Y-793605, NWA 1950和ALHA77005具有非常相近的宇宙线暴露年龄, 再加上极为相似的矿物学和地球化学特征, 说明它们极有可能来自火星上的同一次撞击事件. 相似文献
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活动构造研究中获得的相关速率是解释活动构造运动方式和幅度的重要基础,同时也能够提供检验和建立有关运动学和动力学模型的必要参数。原地宇宙成因核素年代学是近几十年来随着加速质谱的出现而逐渐发展并不断广泛应用于地学,特别是地表过程以及活动构造研究中来的。由于仪器测试费用高以及处理流程比较复杂,国内早期相关研究没有得以广泛开展,然而目前正呈现逐渐升温的趋势。在样品采集以及精细野外地质调查测量的基础上,活动构造研究中的活动断裂运动速率,活动构造区的河流水系侵蚀下切速率以及古地震事件,活动火山喷发事件等均可以通过原地宇宙成因核素年代学定量约束。文中在概述原地宇宙成因核素年代学基本原理的基础上,总结了国内外有关该年代学在活动构造研究应用中的最新成果和资料,重点介绍了基于原地宇宙成因核素年代学方法获取和解释活动构造研究中相关速率的成果 相似文献
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在青藏高原东北缘海原断裂带刺儿沟古地震剖面上不仅保存了地震活动的崩积楔遗迹,还发现多层炭屑以及与人类活动有关的铁渣、陶片等遗物,文中运用14C测年法和经红外释光照射后的绿光释光测年法(Post-IR OSL)分别对剖面上的炭屑、烘烤黏土、沉积物等样品进行年龄测定和比对,获得了各炭屑层和人类活动遗迹的年代。测定的人类活动遗迹年代与海原周缘历史记载的强震发生时间序列比对结果表明,刺儿沟人类活动遗迹的形成可能与历史地震无关,过去以炭屑年代作为地层年代来限定古地震发生的时代,建立的古地震事件时序的结果可能不正确,上述工作为进一步研究海原断裂带的强震复发规律和海原地区考古提供了重要的基础资料 相似文献
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Previous works focused on optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz extracted from Romanian and Serbian loess reported significant discrepancies between ages obtained on fine (4–11 μm) and coarse (63–90 μm) quartz. The present study is directed at expanding these investigations. The SAR-OSL and double SAR-OSL protocols are applied on quartz of different grain sizes belonging to 9 samples extracted from a newly identified archaeological site at Bistricioara-Lutărie III on the Bistrița Valley (NE Romania). Radiocarbon ages are also obtained for the 3 uppermost cultural layers hosted in the loess-like deposit.Discrepant ages are obtained between fine (4–11 μm) and coarse (63–90 and 90–200 μm, respectively) quartz for equivalent doses higher than ∼80–100 Gy. However, a very good agreement is achieved for the youngest sample, with an age of ∼8 ka (with a De of 38 Gy for fine and 35 Gy for coarse grains, respectively). The comparison with independent control provided by radiocarbon dating suggests better agreement of ages calculated for coarse quartz. Our results are once again proof that concerns should be raised regarding the reliability of the equivalent doses obtained on quartz samples for which the laboratory dose response cannot be fitted by a single saturating exponential function. Further systematic investigations are required regarding the very different saturation characteristics of fine and coarse grained quartz. 相似文献
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Jorge Sanjurjo Sánchez Daniel Fernández Mosquera Juan Ramón Vidal Romaní 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(8):1121-1125
The Schmidt Hammer (SH) method is used to quantify the rock weathering degree and has been proposed as a relative dating tool. Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclide (TCN) methods provide absolute exposure ages for erosive surfaces. Few works combine both methods for surfaces older than the Holocene. We compare data obtained by both methods for c. 150 ka bp glacial and fluvial erosive granite surfaces from northwest Spain. Rebound values (R) have been firstly compared with the rock density to assess the correlation with the rock strength, independently from influence of factors such as wetness and roughness in the R‐values. For erosive glacial surfaces older than 100 ka R‐values are confined in a narrow range, with no differences within errors. Stepped fluvial surfaces of 700 m to 70 m above present sea level show an inverse correspondence between TCN ages and R‐values, although no age predictions can be done on the basis of the R‐values. Thus, age inferences exclusively based on R‐values may not be realistic, but SH studies could be a useful tool for selecting surfaces for TCN dating. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Here we present the results of a targeted drilling campaign that facilitated a geochronological study with coarse sampling resolution inside a new cave site, Simons Cave, on the west coast of southern Africa. A combination of radiocarbon (14C) dating and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was used as a range-finder. Results confirmed preservation of Holocene and late Pleistocene sediments up to 133 ± 35 ka, overlapping with the ages of Middle Stone Age (MSA) occupations of the broader west coast region. A subsequent, systematic test-excavation at the site then embarked on a second geochronological study with a higher sampling resolution. Ultimately, the comparative study confirmed the potential of Simons Cave as a new site for the exploration of hominin occupation through the later Pleistocene and Holocene, yet raised several issues concerning the direct comparability of information deriving from drilled sediment cores and actual archaeological excavation. 相似文献
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Age of Yingfeng rapakivi granite pluton on the north flank of Qaidam and its geological significance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rapakivi granite is a very rare and special type of rocks in the crust. Nearly all the typical Proterozoic rapakivi occurred in stable craton, and was regarded as representing special anorogenic settings and rifting events of the supercontinents. Therefore, rapakivi has constantly been attracting the attention of researchers from various countries[15]. For example, the Protero- zoic rapakivi granites occurring in Miyun, Beijing, has been studied in detail by the researchers both at home and … 相似文献
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Little work has been undertaken on combined dating of sedimentary quartz grains using electron spin resonance (ESR) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques in Australia. This study aims to assess the suitability of a combined ESR and OSL dating approach for establishing improved chronologies of Middle-Late Pleistocene deposits within the Naracoorte Cave Complex (NCC), South Australia. Here, we apply ESR and OSL dating in tandem to a series of samples collected from three different NCC sites: Whale Bone, Specimen and Alexandra cave. ESR quartz dating focuses on the multi-centre (MC) approach, which involves comparative evaluations of Al and Ti centre signals, while paired luminescence dating focuses on single-grain OSL analysis and includes examination of multi-grain averaging effects. The comparative ESR-OSL dating results exhibit broad agreement for deposits spanning 50–150 thousand years, with either the Ti–H or Al centre ages overlapping with paired OSL ages at 2σ in nearly all cases. MC ESR evaluations (Al v Ti–Li v Ti–H age assessments) indicate incomplete resetting of the bleachable Al centre signal for a small number of samples. Two-thirds of samples exhibit Ti–Li ages that are significantly older than corresponding Al centre ages, which is unexpected from a bleaching kinetics perspective and may indicate a broader reliability issue for Ti–Li palaeodose evaluation with these particular samples. Our findings: (i) support the applicability of both palaeodosimetric dating methods in this depositional setting; (ii) highlight the merits of applying combined ESR-OSL analyses in tandem, and; (iii) provide one of the first reliable evaluations of quartz ESR MC dating for samples with natural dose ranges as low as only a few tens of Gy. These results show that the Whale Bone, Specimen and Alexandra cave sites are temporally related and can be used to derive multi-site reconstructions of faunal assemblages and palaeoenvironmental history. 相似文献
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In an effort to better understand chronology of alluvial episodes in Cuyama Valley in the western Transverse Ranges of California, USA, we employed optically stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon and cosmogenic radionuclide surface exposure dating methods. Twenty-one optical dates ranging from 0.01 to 27 ka were obtained from exposures of late-Holocene axial-fluvial deposits, Pleistocene–Holocene alluvial-fan deposits, and axial-fluvial sands interbedded within a late Pleistocene alluvial fan. These were cross-checked with 37 AMS radiocarbon dates from charcoal and wood from within a and five 10Be surface exposure dates from boulders on alluvial-fan surfaces. The OSL results show generally good stratigraphic consistency, logical comparison with the radiocarbon and cosmogenic data, and appear to be the best method for accurate dating within deposits of this nature because suitable material is fairly easy to find in these environments. The radiocarbon data contained numerous “detrital ages”, but well-bedded lenses of apparently in situ or minimally transported charcoal provide reliable age estimates for the associated alluvium. Radiocarbon dating of detrital charcoal in the older alluvial fan deposits was problematic. Our cosmogenic surface-exposure dating was consistent stratigraphically and with our other data, but we were unable to determine its accuracy due to the limited number of samples and the possibility of inherited radionuclides and post-depositional erosion. In light of our results, we suggest that OSL dating using the latest analytical techniques combined with rigorous methods for estimation of paleodase is reliable and of increasing utility in otherwise difficult-to-date coarse alluvial environments in the southwestern United States and elsewhere. 相似文献
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The geochronology of cave deposits in the Cradle of Humankind UNESCO World Heritage Site in South Africa provides a timeframe essential for the interpretation of its fossils. The uranium-lead (U–Pb) and uranium-thorium disequilibrium (U/Th) dating of speleothems, mostly flowstones that underlie and blanket the fossil-bearing sediments, have been effective in this sense, but U–Pb is limited by the requirement of ∼1 ppm U concentrations and low common Pb contents, and U/Th has a c. 500 ka limit of applicability. Here we report age results for calcite-aragonite speleothems obtained using a new combined uranium-thorium-helium ((U,Th)–He) and U/Th dating routine. We reproduced within analytical uncertainty, the published U–Pb or U/Th ages for (a) flowstone in three drill core samples in the range 2000–3000 ka, (b) a flowstone hand sample taken at surface with an age of 1800 ka, and (c) five underground flowstone samples in the range 100–800 ka. Calcite retentivity for He under cave conditions is thus demonstrated. In the few cases where helium loss was observed in speleothems, only some of the subsamples were affected, and to varying degrees, suggesting loss by lattice damage not related to diagenetic processes, rather than volume diffusion. In the 100 to 800 ka range, the combined U/Th disequilibrium and (U,Th)–He method also yielded reliable values for initial (230Th/238U) and (234U/238U) activity ratios. Importantly, most subsamples had high initial (230Th/238U) values, ranging from 1.0 to 19.7, although having low Th/U ratios. This is probably due to incorporation of Fe–Mn oxides-hydroxides dust, on which 230Th was previously adsorbed. Such samples are mostly not dateable by U/Th without the additional input from the He analysis. If not detected and corrected for, such high initial (230Th/238U) values can lead to inaccurate U/Th and U–Pb ages. Our study shows that the incorporation of He analysis in U/Th dating has broad potential application, with four methods for calculating the ages, in carbonates from different environments where U-Pb or U/Th dating would not work. 相似文献