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Evaluation of FEMA-440 for including soil-structure interaction 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Replacing the entire soil-structure system with a fixed base oscillator to consider the effect of soil-structure interaction
(SSI) is a common analysis method in seismic design. This technique has been included in design procedures such as NEHRP,
ASCE, etc. by defining an equivalent fundamental period and damping ratio that can modify the response of the structure. However,
recent studies indicate that the effects of SSI should be reconsidered when a structure undergoes a nonlinear displacement
demand. In recent documents on Nonlinear Static Procedures (NSPs), FEMA-440 (2005), a modified damping ratio of the replacement
oscillator was proposed by introducing the ductility of the soil-structure system obtained from pushover analysis. In this
paper, the damping defined in FEMA-440 to include the soil-structure interaction effect is evaluated, and the accuracy of
the Coefficient Method given in FEMA-440 and the Equivalent Linearization Method is studied. Although the improvements for
Nonlinear Static Procedures (NSPs) in FEMA-440 are achieved for a fixed base SDOF structure, the soil effects are not perfectly
obtained. Furthermore, the damping definition of a soil-structure system is extended to structures to consider bilinear behavior. 相似文献
3.
洪峰 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2002,1(2):303-309
In this paper, existing damping theories are briefly reviewed. On the basis of the existing damping theories, a new kind of
damping theory, i.e., the time-delay damping theory, is developed. In the time-delay damping theory, the damping force is
considered to be directly proportional to the increment of displacement. The response analysis of an SDOF time-delay damping
system is carried out, and the methods for obtaining the solution for a time-delay damping system in the time domain as well
as the frequency domain are given. The comparison between results from different damping theories shows that the time-delay
damping theory is both reasonable and convenient.
Supported by: Key Project in Ninth Five-Year Plan of China Seismoligcal Bureau 相似文献
4.
An analytical method to study the seismic response of a bridge pier supported on a rigid caisson foundation embedded in a deep soil stratum underlain by a homogeneous half space is developed. The method reproduces the kinematic and inertial responses, using translational and rotational distributed Winkler springs and dashpots to simulate the soil-caisson interaction. Closed-form solutions are given in the frequency domain for vertical harmonic S-wave excitation. Comparison with results from finite element （FE） analysis and other available solutions demonstrates the reliability of the model. Results from parametric studies are given for the kinematic and inertial responses. The modification of the fundamental period and damping ratio of the bridge due to soil-structure interaction is graphically illustrated. 相似文献
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The various boundary-element methods, well established in the frequency domain, are developed in the time domain for a foundation embedded in a layered halfspace. They are the weighted-residual technique and the indirect boundary-element method, based on a weighted-residual equation, and the direct boundary-element method based on a reciprocity equation, both equations involving time and space. In the indirect approach, formulating the weighted-residual equation over the last time step only results in the truncated indirect boundary-element formulation which requires a reduced computational effort. In all cases, convolution integrals occur. The truncated indirect boundary-element method leads to a highly reliable algorithm, as is verified when a linear analysis in the time domain is compared to the corresponding one in the frequency domain. This boundary-element formulation, which is non-local in space and time, represents a rigorous generally applicable method taking into account a layered halfspace in a non-linear soil-structure interaction analysis. As an example, the non-linear soil-structure interaction analysis of a structure embedded in a halfspace with partial uplift of the basemat and separation of the side wall is investigated. 相似文献
6.
The concept of equivalent linearization, in which the actual nonlinear structure is replaced by an equivalent linear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, is extended for soil-structure systems in order to consider the simultaneous effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and inelastic behavior of the structure on equivalent linear parameters (ELP). This is carried out by searching over a two-dimensional equivalent period–equivalent damping space for the best pair, which can predict the earthquake response of the inelastic soil-structure system with sufficient accuracy. The super-structure is modeled as an elasto-plastic SDOF system whereas the soil beneath the structure is considered as a homogeneous half-space and is replaced by a discrete model. An extensive parametric study is carried out for a wide range of soil-structure systems subjected to a suite of 59 ground motions. The effect of SSI on ELP is studied through introducing a set of non-dimensional key parameters, which define the soil-structure system. It is shown that ELP of soil-structure systems result from a trade-off between SSI effect and nonlinear behavior of the structure. The contribution of each of these two factors depends on the characteristics of the soil-structure system which, in turn, are defined by the introduced non-dimensional key parameters. Moreover, the reliability of the predicted response of soil-structure systems and its sensitivity to deviation from optimal ELP is studied in detail, which sheds light on the consequences of using improper pairs of ELP for interacting systems in the framework of performance-based design of structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
三维土-结构动力相互作用的一种时域直接分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文提出了一种分析三维土-结构动力相互作用的时域直接方法。该方法采用集中质量显式有限元和透射人工边界模拟无限域地基,通过编制的FORTRAN程序实现;采用ANSYS软件对上部结构进行建模分析,并通过FORTRAN程序对ANSYS软件的调用,实现了土与结构系统在地震作用下的整体分析。该方法为显隐式相结合的方法,地基和上部结构可采用不同的时间步距进行分析,可大大提高效率。通过两算例,验证了该方法的可行性。 相似文献
8.
This paper presents a centrifuge model that is capable of realistically representing soil-structure systems subjected to earthquake-like excitation. The model is validated by performing (i) free field soil tests, (ii) dynamic soil-structure interaction tests and (iii) a numerical analysis of the experimental results. The free field experiments show that the simulated earthquake, which is generated by the hammer-exciter plate method, is similar in amplitude and frequency content to a real earthquake. The experiments also demonstrate that a confined soil sample can satisfactorily model a horizontal soil stratum of infinite lateral extent when the containment walls are lined with an absorptive material to attenuate wave reflections that would otherwise occur. Measurements of the acceleration at different locations on the free soil surface indicate that the surface motion is fairly uniform over a relatively large area. This is further confirmed by a comparison made between the measured free and scattered field motions for a surface foundation. Next, a series of soil-structure interaction tests are performed which examine the dependence of radiation damping on the natural frequencies of the structure relative to the fundamental frequency of the soil stratum. The experimental results are shown to be consistent with established theories. Finally, the experimental results are used to compute the stiffness and damping parameters of a two degree of freedom numerical model of the soil-structure system. The experimental parameters are shown to be in good agreement with calssical text book formulae. This study demonstrates that the centrifuge model consistently behaves as expected for simple, but realistic, dynamic soil and soil-structure systems, and can, therefore, be used with confidence to examine more complicated systems that are not yet fully understood. 相似文献
9.
The frequency-independent foundation impedances, commonly used in soil-structure dynamic interaction problems, are developed for a circular footing resting on a homogeneous halfspace. As they ignore the structure attached to the foundation, the error introduced in the structural response may be 50 per cent or more in the neighbourhood of the fundamental frequency of the soil-structure system. The present study proposes a new method developed for most dynamic soil-structure interaction problems. The key idea is to retain for the frequency-independent impedances values computed for the fundamental frequency of the soil-structure system; thus these values include the dynamic characteristics of the whole soil-structure system and lead to a satisfactory approximation of the exact solution over a wide frequency range. The method is developed here for the horizontal and rocking modes of a structure with a circular base resting on a homogeneous halfspace. Numerical applications are given for a simple linear oscillator in order to make possible a thorough parametric study. The response of some idealized building-foundation systems to harmonic excitation or to a seismic input is next examined in order to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed model. 相似文献
10.
混合结构的阻尼矩阵不满足经典阻尼条件,导致传统的模态叠加法无法适用。复阻尼理论无法适用于时域计算,其自由振动响应中存在发散现象。针对混合结构的阻尼矩阵非比例性和复阻尼理论的时域发散性,基于频域等效原则构建了求解Rayleigh阻尼系数的数学优化模型,进而得到与复阻尼理论等效的Rayleigh阻尼运动方程。算例分析表明:依据位移时程响应和结构等效阻尼比可证明Rayleigh阻尼运动方程的正确性。基于本文研究成果,等效复阻尼理论的混合结构Rayleigh阻尼运动方程可直接采用模态叠加法,结合其确定的结构等效阻尼比,为混合结构的振型分解反应谱法提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
复阻尼振动方程频域解法中有关问题的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以地震反应谱的形式，阐述了复阻尼系统在频域求解过程中容易出现的问题。通过理论与计算分析得知，这些问题对反应谱计算有很大的影响。另外，还初步分析了时域精确法及频域分析方法的计算效率，认为时域精确法比频域分析方法的计算效率高。 相似文献
12.
The system damping, the system frequency, the relative building response and the base rocking response peak amplitudes are studied, as those depend on the building mass and height, the flexibility of the soil, the structural damping, the type of incident waves and their angle of incidence. A linear two-dimensional model is used, which assumes the soil to be a homogeneous isotropic half-space, the foundation supporting the building to be a rigid embedded cylinder, and in which the building model is an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom oscillator. The system frequency and the system damping ratio are determined by measuring the width and the frequency of the peak in the transfer function of the oscillator relative response, using the analogy with the half-power method for a single-degree-of-freedom fixed-base oscillator. Previous similar studies are for dynamic soil-structure interaction only, and for simplified models in which the stiffness of the soil and the damping due to radiation are represented by springs and dashpots. The study in this paper differs from the previous studies in that the wave passage effects (or the kinematic interaction) are also included, and that no additional simplifications of the model are made. Results are shown for excitation by plane P- and SV-waves. 相似文献
13.
A seismic free field input formulation of the coupling procedure of the finite element (FE) and the scaled boundary finite-element
(SBFE) is proposed to perform the unbounded soil-structure interaction analysis in time domain. Based on the substructure
technique, seismic excitation of the soil-structure system is represented by the free-field motion of an elastic half-space.
To reduce the computational effort, the acceleration unit-impulse response function of the unbounded soil is decomposed into
two functions; linear and residual. The latter converges to zero and can be truncated as required. With the prescribed tolerance
parameter, the balance between accuracy and efficiency of the procedure can be controlled. The validity of the model is verified
by the scattering analysis of a hemi-spherical canyon subjected to plane harmonic P, SV and SH wave incidence. Numerical results
show that the new procedure is very efficient for seismic problems within a normal range of frequency. The coupling procedure
presented herein can be applied to linear and nonlinear earthquake response analysis of practical structures which are built
on unbounded soil.
Supproted by: the National Key Basic Research and Development Program under Grant No. 2002CB412709 相似文献
14.
An efficient methodology is presented which uses modal analysis implemented in the frequency domain to obtain the structural response of a system with soil-structure interaction. The interaction effects are represented using a free-field ground motion modification factor, derived for each mode of vibration and used in the determination of structural response. Applying this algorithm, the advantages of the modal superposition method are fully exploited, and the interaction problem can be solved easily and effectively within the framework of the conventional frequency domain analysis for a fixed-base structure. In addition, this method produces accurate approximation with less computational effort due to consideration of only the first few vibration modes of the structure. 相似文献
15.
通过二维数值计算，讨论合理建立阻尼矩阵对高重力坝时域内进行地震反应计算的重要性。首先，以4个不同坝高的混凝土重力坝为计算对象，将三种地震波作为水平输入，解得6种不同的阻尼矩阵形式下坝体的地震反应。然后以频域内解为标准，研究各种阻尼矩阵的合理性。研究结果表明：坝高超过250 m高的重力坝在时域内进行的地震反应计算是长周期系统的动力分析问题，应重视阻尼矩阵的建模方式，不宜采用单频率参数的质量比例阻尼矩阵和刚度比例阻尼矩阵，应采用双频率参数的Rayleigh阻尼矩阵，在确定2个频率参数时除采用坝体基频外还应考虑激振地震波的频谱特性以获得合理的坝体地震反应计算结果。 相似文献
16.
复阻尼多自由度系统动力分析的模态叠加法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
工程实际中,复阻尼多自由度系统的瞬态响应过去一直是通过频域方法求解的。频域方法的一个突出问题是求传递函数矩阵的计算工作量过大。本文给出一种有效而实用的时域解法———实模态叠加法,此外还介绍了复模态叠加法。实模态叠加法是基于一个事实,即n维复向量空间中的复向量可以在n维实向量空间中的一组线性无关的实向量构成的基下表出;另外,就此方法还讨论了复阻尼多自由度系统初始运动条件的给出和转换问题。复模态叠加法则是通过变量替换的方法,变其中的复特征值问题为形式上的一个实特征值问题来解决的。 相似文献
17.
The weighted-residual technique, the indirect boundary element method, the truncated indirect boundary element method and the direct boundary element method can be used to analyse nonlinear soil-structure interaction in the time domain. They are illustrated and compared by using the one-dimensional dynamic problem of the spherical cavity in an infinite space. For realistic time steps, all formulations lead to accurate results, but the weighted-residual technique and the truncated indirect boundary element method are much more efficient than the direct boundary element method in the time domain. Hysteretic damping leads to noncausal behaviour, which can, however, be neglected from a practical point of view. 相似文献
18.
隔震结构中非经典阻尼影响及最佳阻尼比分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
本文采用双自由度非比例阻尼振动模型描述基础隔震体系,用拉普拉斯变换方法获得其地震时域响应的近似解析解,借助于应谱理论分析了非比例阻尼对隔震体系中的上部结构层间最大剪力及隔震层最大位移等响应值的影响,探寻了隔震系统最佳阻尼比的取值范围。 相似文献
19.
Jacobo Bielak 《地震工程与结构动力学》1978,6(1):17-30
An analysis is made of the steady-state response of a bilinear hysteretic structure supported on the surface of a viscoelastic half-space. The method of equivalent linearization is used to solve the equations of motion, and simplified approximate formulas are obtained for the fundamental resonant frequency of the system and for an effective critical damping ratio. Numerical results indicate that for non-linear hysteretic structures compliance of the soil foundation may lead to larger displacements than would occur if the base were rigid. This behaviour differs from that generally observed for linear systems, for which the effect of soil-structure interaction is to reduce the rigid-base response. 相似文献