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我国西北的甘、宁、青地区是强震活动十分突出的地区之一,历史上曾发生多次8级以上地震。但在1966—1976年我国大陆上一个地震活动高潮中该区却十分平静,预测在下一强震活动幕中西北地区可能成为强震的主体活动地区。北西向构造可能是强震发生的主要场所,强震发生于大震破裂区闭锁段上的可能性较大。1977年以来上述地区出现的中强地震活动增强和呈带分布已构成强震发生的背景异常,应密切注意该地区中小地震活动图象的变化。 相似文献
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地震活动性图象反映了地震的群体特征。本文阐明了中国大陆,特别是中国东部地区的地震活动性图象具有空间分布的网格块体性;一定地区间地震发生的相关性;一定的地震活动图象在空间上常可有所平移再现等特征。这些图象的尺度均可达到成百上千公里。据此认为地震的动力也应有与此相当的大尺度。中国大陆地震基本集中在一个厚度仅为15 km的地层——发震能干层,与活动性图象的尺度相比,具有悬殊的宽厚比。因之认为地震构造应属一种薄壳结构。观测到的地震活动性图象与薄壳结构的失稳屈曲图形有同质同象的相似性。据此估算其量值与观测到的图象尺度颇为吻合。结论认为:地震活动性图象似受控于结构的失稳屈曲;地震构造可视为主要由发震能干层所构成的一种薄壳结构(薄皮构造)。 相似文献
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华北地区地震活动幕的灰色预测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
华北地区是我国地震活动的主要场所之一,历史上曾经发生过多次强震乃至大震,特别是本世纪以来发生在人口稠密地区的邢台、唐山两次地震,给人民生命财产造成了巨大损失,为此研究这一地区的未来地震活动趋势就显得尤为重要。 文献[1]从区域性地震群体活动的韵律性、分幕性及环境因子对地震发生的作用入手,研究了华北地震总趋势,认为:目前华北地区仍处于1978年以来的地震平静时段;报告的多年研究资料也都指 相似文献
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利用布设在镜泊湖"火山口森林"附近的14个24位宽频带三分量流动地震台站所记录的地震资料,对镜泊湖火山区地震活动进行了研究。观测结果表明镜泊湖及周围地区有一定的地震活动性,但活动水平不高,经综合分析认为所记录的地震大部分为火山构造地震。从地震定位的结果看大部分地震震源深度在10～30km之间,震级大部分小于ML2.0,震中主要集中在"火山口森林"和穿过火山区的敦化-密山断裂附近。在记录条件较好的2号台,记录到2种可能与火山活动有关的事件,其波形特征与长周期火山事件(LP)和火山颤动事件的波形特征有相似之处,但频率特征不同 相似文献
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事实表明,一次M6级或更大的地震发生后,另一次相似或更大的事件发生于附近地区比发生于较远地方的可能性更大(指每单位面积内的发生率)。我们特别要指出的是,第一次事件的余震活动提供了评估邻近地区(几度的范围内)下一次大事件发生概率的信息。也就是,如果第一次事件的余震活动与正常衰减相比变得相对平静,在主震后的10年内,附近地区大地震的发生率就会比正常余震活动情况下高几倍。为了精确地测量这种现象,我们要模拟实际的余震活动。实际上,许多余震序列远比修正的大森公式所描述的简单负幂衰减模型复杂。传染型余震序列(ETAS)模型是修正的大森公式的一般形式,它对各种类型的余震序列都拟合得很好,包括非火山型的震群。用这种模型研究了日本及其邻近地区过去3/4世纪所发生的76次主震的余震序列。重点放在客观地检验一次余震序列中是否存在一个地震活动偏离传染型余震序列模型预测的明显变点,在该点后是相对的平静,即地震活动显著降低。任何水平的地震活动都可以发生相对的平静。如果存在这种平静,它的长度就可以根据估计的传染型余震序列模型预测的发生率的累积数与发生转换时间的图上看出来。这就表明,相对的平静是判别余震活动异常的一项有用因子。这可以用来预测在第一次事件之后的短期内(大约6年内)邻近地区(3°范围内)是否更可能发生大地震。 相似文献
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分析了中国大陆地震活动的高频低强度现象与全球７级大震活动和中７级强震活动的关系。结果表明;全球７级强震活动弱时,中国大陆地区的地震活动就有可能出现这种现象。这种现象出现后的第１年中国台湾附近寺区发生７级大震的概率较大,第２年中国大陆地区发生７级大震的概率较大。 相似文献
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研究一个地区断层主要活动时期是了解地壳构造运动或断层发育历史的基础。本文仍沿用了传统研究法,并将同位素法和石英形貌法测年与显微构造分析法引进到研究断层主要活动时期的工作中,取得了能相互映正的结果,最后确定阳原盆地化稍营地区的断层经历过:元古代前;燕山期;6～9千万年;上新世——早更新世和最后一次较强烈活动在20—30万年以前等五次主要活动时期。 相似文献
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在１９０６年４月１８日加州旧金山大地震后的２４ｈ之内,俄勒冈州的佩斯利,亚利桑那州的莫尼克斯,加州的洛杉矶,布劳利都分别感到了地震。运用概率理论,结果表明同一天内在这些散布地区的每一个地点都发生有感地震是感见的。对１９０６年地震后２４ｈ内经受过地震的４个不同区域,确定了１８９７￣１９０６年９ａ间有感地震的发生率。我们用盒子里摸球概率问题的思想模拟了余震发生的似然性。结果表明,大地震余震区至少可延伸 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后，可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流，则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献