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1.
地应力对裂隙岩体渗透特性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
提出了地应力场中岩体不连续面变形的本构关系，讨论了渗流与应力耦合条件下裂隙岩体渗透张量的计算方法，阐述了地应力对裂隙岩体渗透特性的影响．研究表明，地应力对岩体渗透特性的影响主要是通过改变不连续面的开度和不连续面网络的水力传导路径而产生的；裂隙岩体渗透性随岩体埋深的增加呈负指数减小，随侧压系数的增大呈双曲线减小．渗流场与应力场的耦合理论可望应用于水库诱发地震的研究中 相似文献
2.
将多孔介质中井-含水层-隔水层的潮汐水位振幅和位相的计算公式推广到裂隙饱水岩体潮汐分析中,分析了裂隙含水层中井与裂隙,裂隙与微裂隙的潮汐孔压响应原理和水流交换过程,提取了影响裂隙含水层潮汐水位振幅和位相的主要因素,应用井-裂隙排水产生的井水位引潮高的振幅比A和位相差a2主要随径向等效导水系数T同向变化,裂隙和微裂隙(孔隙)排水产生的孔压-引潮高的振幅比D和位相差a1主要随不排水条件下微裂隙与裂隙间振幅比E' /E反向变化的规律,提出了潮汐井水位振幅和位相的8种不同变化类型,分析了不同类型所反映的含水层形变,并用于分析东川、弥勒和西昌川03等3口井井水位振幅和位相变化的成因. 相似文献
3.
将多孔介质中井-含水层-隔水层的潮汐水位振幅和位相的计算公式推广到裂隙饱水岩体潮汐分析中, 分析了裂隙含水层中井与裂隙, 裂隙与微裂隙的潮汐孔压响应原理和水流交换过程, 提取了影响裂隙含水层潮汐水位振幅和位相的主要因素, 应用井-裂隙排水产生的井水位-引潮高的振幅比A和位相差α2主要随径向等效导水系数T同向变化, 裂隙和微裂隙(孔隙)排水产生的孔压-引潮高的振幅比D和位相差α1主要随不排水条件下微裂隙与裂隙间振幅比E'/E反向变化的规律, 提出了潮汐井水位振幅和位相的8种不同变化类型, 分析了不同类型所反映的含水层形变, 并用于分析东川、 弥勒和西昌川03等3口井井水位振幅和位相变化的成因. 相似文献
4.
5.
本文基于裂隙潮汐应力分析,提出了不排水条件下,单裂隙和多裂隙流体压力-引潮高的振幅比和位相差响应模型.基于响应模型的分析计算,绘制了单裂隙流体压力振幅比和位相差与裂隙产状的关系曲线,分析了岩体弹性参数(λ、μ)和Skempton系数(B)对裂隙流体压力振幅比和位相差的影响.结果表明,M2和O1波裂隙流体压力-引潮高的振幅比随裂隙倾角(DIP)增加而增加,位相差都在±165°～±180°( DIP＜ 15°)和0°～±10°(DIP＞15°)之间,且两波位相差符号相反;流体压力振幅比线性地响应岩体弹性常数(λ、μ)和Skempton系数(B)的变化,但位相差几乎不受裂隙和岩体弹性参数的影响. 相似文献
6.
为更好地了解裂隙张开度对纵波特征(速度、振幅和各向异性)的频率响应,在实验室利用分层嵌入低速薄圆片模拟裂隙方式,构建了六块裂隙密度为8.30%的不同张开度裂隙模型,用四种主频(0.1MHz～1MHz)超声纵波换能器在裂隙模型的平行和垂直裂隙方向上测试了透射纵波速度和振幅。实验数据表明,在0.1MHz～1MHz频段范围,张开度从O.1mm增大到0.34mm时,纵波平行裂隙方向传播时的振幅随频率线性下降,速度频散从1.5%增加到2.1%。垂直裂隙方向传播时振幅随频率呈二次函数缓慢下降,速度频散从1.9%到4.7%。两方向的速度频散差异加剧了张开度模型的各向异性频散。裂隙张开度对纵波特性的频散是由裂隙张开度的散射引起的。 相似文献
7.
基于Hudson裂隙理论中等效裂隙模型假设,在均匀介质中嵌入定向排列的薄圆片充填物可构成裂隙介质模型.通过改变充填物薄片的厚度,模拟裂隙的张开度,观测其对纵横波传播的影响.在实验室内用环氧树脂作裂隙模型的基质材料,含硅橡胶的混合低速材料做裂隙充填物.当每个模型中裂隙的直径和个数相等时,仅改变裂隙的厚度,形成了一组相同裂隙密度的裂隙模型.采用超声波脉冲透射法获得了平行和垂直裂隙方向纵横波传播的时间和波形记录.实验表明,在相同裂隙密度条件下,裂隙张开度的变化对纵横波的速度和振幅都有影响,其中纵波振幅的变化比速度变化大得多.横波速度的变化主要反映在慢横波上,振幅的变化快横波比慢横波大.这些特征对地震资料的处理和解释有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
8.
增强型地热系统(Enhanced Geothermal System,简称EGS)作为深层地热资源开采最有效方法已成为国际研究热点.其中多场耦合是EGS研究中的关键部分,但目前对最基础和最重要的热流耦合研究仍不充分,特别是对热流耦合下热传导过程和采热效率的研究还不透彻.本文构建了针对EGS单裂隙热流耦合的数学模型,模型主要控制热流耦合时水岩温度场的演化,以展现热流耦合下的热传导过程,并以此计算了裂隙宽度和裂隙水流速率对水岩温度场的影响,分析了裂隙特征对采热效率的影响.计算表明,在特定的开采条件下,都有相应的岩体温度场影响半径;热量从高温岩体传至裂隙流体的过程显示为进水口为低温区,以水流方向为轴,向两侧岩体对称展开的三角形热传导模式;裂隙宽度和裂隙流体速度对裂隙两侧的岩体温度场和采热半径产生明显影响,但裂隙长度总体上对采热率表现为正效应,而裂隙宽度和裂隙流体速度在一定范围内对采热率表现为负效应;裂隙宽度与裂隙流体速度对水岩温度场具有完全一致的影响效果.模型的对比验证确认了本模型的合理性和优越性.文中最大的创新点和亮点是首次推导给出了EGS热流耦合水岩温度场演化特征的简明数学表达式,另一亮点是基于岩体热传导系数来考虑耦合过程的热传导量. 相似文献
9.
应用井孔-裂隙、微裂隙(孔隙)水流交换产生的潮汐水位-固体潮的位相差和振幅变化理论,结合井水位变化,分析小江断裂带中段和南段的形变特征.裂隙承压含水层条件下,地震波和构造应力引起的形变能够引起潮汐水位分波位相差和振幅的变化.地震波引起含水层与井孔之间水流交换增大,疏通裂隙而使渗透率增大,震后井水位潮汐分波相位差提前,其后裂隙内沉积物重新堵塞裂隙,渗透率降低,位相差逐渐下降.位相差的长期趋势性变化反映出含水层在构造应力作用下的应变信息.小江断裂带中段和南段形变变化不同.断裂带中段地区,观测井位相差和振幅趋势性下降,表明该区段不仅有走滑特性,并且具有挤压特征.小江断裂带与红河断裂带交会地区观测井振幅和位相差稳定,表明该区域没有受到明显的挤压,形变不明显. 相似文献
10.
研究了具有速度和状态依赖性摩擦本构关系条件下双滑块系统的活动规律。在不同耦合刚度条件下考虑了强和弱两种非均匀性的影响。结果表明,系统的演化规律主要受耦合刚度控制,在强耦合条件下(例如k_c/k_(imax)>～1),滑动的模式简单,且表现为周期性粘滑,即两个滑块一起滑动。在具有强非均匀性的系统中,滑块问的中度耦合(k_c/k_(imax)=0.4)条件会导致双周期运动,更复杂的运动发生在弱耦合条件下(k_c/k_(imax)=0.2)具有强非均匀性的系统中,在强非均匀条件下,很弱的耦合会引起混沌式滑动的出现。在强非均匀性和耦合刚度k_c=5k_(imax)的情况下,没有发现混沌式的滑动模式,与Huang和Turcotte采用简单动/静摩擦定律得出的结果形成了鲜明对照。系统的模拟结果表明,在更贴近摩擦物理的速度及状态依赖性摩擦本构关系框架下,只有很弱的耦合才能导致整个系统的复杂活动模式。 相似文献
11.
Quantifying Damage, Saturation and Anisotropy in Cracked Rocks by Inverting Elastic Wave Velocities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alexandre Schubnel Philip M. Benson Ben D. Thompson Jim F. Hazzard R. Paul Young 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(5-6):947-973
Crack damage results in a decrease of elastic wave velocities and in the development of anisotropy. Using non-interactive
crack effective medium theory as a fundamental tool, we calculate dry and wet elastic properties of cracked rocks in terms
of a crack density tensor, average crack aspect ratio and mean crack fabric orientation from the solid grains and fluid elastic
properties. Using this same tool, we show that both the anisotropy and shear-wave splitting of elastic waves can be derived.
Two simple crack distributions are considered for which the predicted anisotropy depends strongly on the saturation, reaching
up to 60% in the dry case. Comparison with experimental data on two granites, a basalt and a marble, shows that the range
of validity of the non-interactive effective medium theory model extends to a total crack density of approximately 0.5, considering
symmetries up to orthorhombic. In the isotropic case, Kachanov's (1994) non-interactive effective medium model was used in
order to invert elastic wave velocities and infer both crack density and aspect ratio evolutions. Inversions are stable and
give coherent results in terms of crack density and aperture evolution. Crack density variations can be interpreted in terms
of crack growth and/or changes of the crack surface contact areas as cracks are being closed or opened respectively. More
importantly, the recovered evolution of aspect ratio shows an exponentially decreasing aspect ratio (and therefore aperture)
with pressure, which has broader geophysical implications, in particular on fluid flow. The recovered evolution of aspect
ratio is also consistent with current mechanical theories of crack closure. In the anisotropic cases—both transverse isotropic
and orthorhombic symmetries were considered—anisotropy and saturation patterns were well reproduced by the modelling, and
mean crack fabric orientations we recovered are consistent with in situ geophysical imaging.
Our results point out that: (1) It is possible to predict damage, anisotropy and saturation in terms of a crack density tensor
and mean crack aspect ratio and orientation; (2) using well constrained wave velocity data, it is possible to extrapolate
the contemporaneous evolution of crack density, anisotropy and saturation using wave velocity inversion as a tool; 3) using
such an inversion tool opens the door in linking elastic properties, variations to permeability. 相似文献
12.
Propagation through stress-aligned fluid-filled cracks and other inclusions have been claimed to be the cause of azimuthal anisotropy observed in the crust and upper mantle.This paper examines the behavior of seismic waves attenuation caused by the internal structure of rock mass,and in particular,the internal geometry of the distribution of fluid-filled openings Systematic research on the effect of crack parameters,such as crack density,crack aspect ratio(the ratio of crack thickness to crack diameter),pore fluid properties(particularly pore fluid velocity),VP/VS ratio of the matrix material and seismic wave frequency on attenuation anisotropy has been conducted based on Hudson’s crack theory.The result shows that the crack density,aspect ratio,material filler,seismic wave frequency,and P-wave and shear wave velocity in the background of rock mass,and especially frequency has great effect on attenuation curves.Numerical research can help us know the effect of crack parameters and is a good supplement for laboratory modeling.However,attenuation is less well understood because of the great sensitivity of attenuation to details of the internal geometry.Some small changes in the characteristics of pore fluid viscosity,pore fluids containing gas and liquid phases and pore fluids containing clay can each alter attenuation coefficients by orders of magnitude.Some parameters controlling attenuation are therefore necessary to make reasonable estimations,and anisotropic attenuation is worth studying further. 相似文献
13.
The common reflection surface (CRS) stack method is known as a generalized stacking velocity analysis tool and was originally introduced as a data-driven method to simulate zero-offset sections. However, this method has some difficulties in imaging complex structures and low-quality data. The problem of conflicting dips is one of the drawbacks of the CRS method addressed in many studies. The common diffraction surface (CDS) method was explicitly introduced to overcome this problem. In one study, the problem was resolved by combination of the CDS method and the common offset CRS method. The method was called the common offset CDS method showed successful application on improving image quality in semi-complex media. In this study, we combined the partial CRS with the CDS to derive the partial CDS for more efficient resolve of the conflicting dips problem. In the partial CDS, thresholds in the angle spectrum were removed for full contribution of all possible dips to have volume of operators for a sample point. The aperture definition in the partial CDS is the same as in the partial CRS, where an offset and time variant aperture is used. The new method was applied on a simple synthetic data set with much diffraction points imbedded in the model. Then it was applied to a semicomplex data set to enhance the body of mud volcanoes and faults. For better comparison, it was applied to two more real data sets from a complex overthrust zone to improve the seismic quality and remove the geological ambiguities in the interpretation. In the synthetic data example, more conflicting dips were resolved than in the other methods. In all real data examples, the enhanced partial CDS data were depth-migrated to compare them with the pre-stack depth migration of partial CRS gathers. More details of the geological structures can be observed in the new results. 相似文献
14.
理论、观测和实验均证实,在地壳和上地幔存在对应力变化敏感的直立裂隙,在整体上呈现方位各向异性.在Hudson裂隙理论基础上,系统全面地数值模拟了裂隙介质几何、物性和弹性波频率等参数对各向异性衰减的影响.结果显示,裂隙密度、裂隙纵横比、泊松比、裂缝填充物、弹性波频率和未破裂岩石母体纵横波速度等对各向异性衰减有着显著影响,... 相似文献
15.
IntroductionInChina,thecombinationofseismicdesigncodewithzoningmapofseismicintensityorgroundmotionparametersisusuallyadoptedtodeterminetheseismicfortificationcriterionforthegeneralindustryandcivilbuildings.Thepresentproceduresareasfollows.Accordingtothepro-jectlocation,thedesignbasicaccelerationofgroundmotionandthedesigncharacteristicperiodofresponsespectrumareobtainedfromthezoningmapofseismicgroundmotionparameters(GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofthePeople… 相似文献
16.
在重大工程的地震安全性评价工作中，根据概率法地震危险性分析得到的一致概率反应谱，与建筑抗震设计规范给出的设计反应谱常常不一致，有时甚至会有较大的差异．一致概率反应谱低于相应的规范反应谱时，可能会产生重大工程抗震设防标准低于一般工业与民用建筑抗震设防标准的问题．本文利用理想简化的潜在震源，对一致概率谱与规范设计反应谱之间的关系进行了讨论．分析结果表明，对于较为普遍的主要受直下型地震和近震潜源影响的地区，在长周期部分，一致概率谱总体小于规范谱．规范谱长周期部分值得深入研究，且应尽可能与区划工作的概率法相结合．由于地震安全性评价工作存在较大的不确定性，故重大工程的抗震设防标准，据地震安全性评价结果将长周期部分降至规范谱（一般工民建）之下宜慎重． 相似文献
17.
岩石中普遍存在的微裂纹对其物理性质有十分显著的影响.为了得到不同围压条件下岩样内部微裂纹形态的变化,选取几种具有明显层理的岩石圈岩石样品,在不同围压下沿相互正交的三个方向对纵横波速度和线应变等进行了测量,根据O’Connell模型通过计算得出有效泊松比、裂纹密度、裂纹孔隙度和裂纹的c/a比值（a为硬币形裂纹半长轴的长度,c为其半宽度）.结果表明,随着围压的增加,在垂直于层理面的方向上裂纹闭合最快但c/a比值不减反增.结合显微组构分析可知,岩石中的裂纹表面实际上是凸凹不平的,在围压增加引起裂纹闭合过程中一条裂纹可以变成几个,长度成倍减小但宽度变化不大,所以在垂直于层理面的方向上c/a比值随围压增加而增大.但另两个方向上的变化明显不同,应该与模型本身的适用范围有关.通过同时测量纵、横波速度,计算c/a比值,可以对样品中微裂纹的几何形态及空间分布方式有定性或半定量的了解. 相似文献
18.
Analytical approximations of bulk and shear moduli for dry rock based on the differential effective medium theory 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Differential effective medium theory has been applied to determine the elastic properties of porous media. The ordinary differential equations for bulk and shear moduli are coupled and it is more difficult to obtain accurate analytical formulae about the moduli of dry porous rock. In this paper, in order to decouple these equations we first substitute an analytical approximation for the dry‐rock modulus ratio into the differential equation and derive analytical solutions of the bulk and shear moduli for dry rock with three specific pore shapes: spherical pores, needle‐shaped pores and penny‐shaped cracks. Then, the validity of the analytical approximations is tested by integrating the full differential effective medium equation numerically. The analytical formulae give good estimates of the numerical results over the whole porosity range for the cases of the three given pore shapes. These analytical formulae can be further simplified under the assumption of small porosity. The simplified formulae for spherical pores are the same as Mackenzie's equations. The analytical formulae are relatively easy to analyse the relationship between the elastic moduli and porosity or pore shapes and can be used to invert some rock parameters such as porosity or pore aspect ratio. The predictions of the analytical formulae for experimental data show that the formulae for penny‐shaped cracks are suitable to estimate the elastic properties of micro‐crack rock such as granite, they can be used to estimate the crack aspect ratio while the crack porosity is known and also to estimate the crack porosity evolution with pressure if the crack aspect ratio is given. 相似文献
19.
地质成因和构造/热应力导致地壳岩石中的孔隙结构（裂隙和粒间孔）的变化.影响岩石黏弹性的因素包括压力、孔隙度、孔隙中包含的流体和孔隙几何形状等.相对于岩石中的硬孔隙,岩石黏弹性（衰减和频散）受软孔隙（裂隙）的影响更大.本文选取三块白云岩样本,进行了不同围压和流体条件下的超声波实验测量.利用CPEM（Cracks and Pores Effective Medium,裂隙和孔隙有效介质）模型获得了岩石高、低频极限的弹性模量,并通过Zener体（标准线性体）模型将CPEM模型拓展到全频带而得到CPEM-Zener模型,用该模型拟合岩石松弛和非松弛状态下的实验数据,本文得到平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度以及纵波速度和品质因子随频率的变化关系.结果表明,饱水岩石的平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度均高于饱油岩石,随着压差（围压和孔隙压力的差值）的增加,饱油岩石中的裂隙首先闭合.并且压差在70 MPa以内时,随着压差增大,岩石的平均裂隙纵横比和裂隙孔隙度在饱水和饱油时的差值增大,此时流体类型对于岩石裂隙的影响越来越显著,此外,对饱水岩石,平均裂隙纵横比随压差增加而增大,这可能是由于岩石中纵横比较小的裂隙会随压差增大而逐渐趋于闭合.在饱水和饱油岩石中,裂隙孔隙度和裂隙密度都随着压差增加而减小.通过对裂隙密度和压差的关系进行指数拟合,本文获得压差趋于0时的裂隙密度,且裂隙密度随孔隙度增大而增大,增大速率随压差增加而降低.针对饱水和饱油的白云岩样本,CPEM-Zener模型预测的纵波频散随压差增大而减小,此变化趋势和实验测得的逆品质因子随压差的变化关系基本一致,由此进一步验证了模型的实用性.本研究对岩石的孔隙结构和黏弹性分析以及声波测井、地震勘探的现场应用有指导意义. 相似文献
20.
Experimental verification of effective anisotropic crack theories in variable crack aspect ratio medium 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jessica P. Henriques Jose J. S. de Figueiredo Leo K. Santos Daniel L. Macedo Icaro Coutinho Carolina B. da Silva Alberto L. Melo Mykel Sousa Felipe L. Azevedo 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(1):141-156
Physical modelling of cracked/fractured media using downscaled laboratory experiments has been used with great success as a useful alternative for understanding the effect of anisotropy in the hydrocarbon reservoir characterization and in the crustal and mantle seismology. The main goal of this work was to experimentally verify the predictions of effective elastic parameters in anisotropic cracked media by Hudson and Eshelby–Cheng's effective medium models. For this purpose, we carried out ultrasonic measurements on synthetic anisotropic samples with low crack densities and different aspect ratios. Twelve samples were prepared with two different crack densities, 5% and 8%. Three samples for each crack density presented cracks with only one crack aspect ratio, whereas other three samples for each crack density presented cracks with three different aspect ratios in their composition. It results in samples with aspect ratio values varying from 0.13 to 0.26. All the cracked samples were simulated by penny‐shaped rubber inclusions in a homogeneous isotropic matrix made with epoxy resin. Moreover, an isotropic sample for reference was constructed with epoxy resin only. Regarding velocity predictions performed by the theoretical models, Eshelby–Cheng shows a better fit when compared with the experimental results for samples with single and mix crack aspect ratio (for both crack densities). From velocity values, our comparisons were also performed in terms of the ε, γ, and δ parameters (Thomsen parameters). The results show that Eshelby–Cheng effective medium model fits better with the measurements of ε and γ parameters for crack samples with only one type of crack aspect ratio. 相似文献