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1.
Laurent O. Amoudry Rafael Ramirez-Mendoza Alejandro J. Souza Jennifer M. Brown 《Ocean Dynamics》2014,64(5):707-722
We investigate the dynamics of suspended sediment transport in a hypertidal estuarine channel which displays a vertically sheared exchange flow. We apply a three-dimensional process-based model coupling hydrodynamics, turbulence and sediment transport to the Dee Estuary, in the north-west region of the UK. The numerical model is used to reproduce observations of suspended sediment and to assess physical processes responsible for the observed suspended sediment concentration patterns. The study period focuses on a calm period during which wave-current interactions can reasonably be neglected. Good agreement between model and observations has been obtained. A series of numerical experiments aim to isolate specific processes and confirm that the suspended sediment dynamics result primarily from advection of a longitudinal gradient in concentration during our study period, combined with resuspension and vertical exchange processes. Horizontal advection of sediment presents a strong semi-diurnal variability, while vertical exchange processes (including time-varying settling as a proxy for flocculation) exhibit a quarter-diurnal variability. Sediment input from the river is found to have very little importance, and spatial gradients in suspended concentration are generated by spatial heterogeneity in bed sediment characteristics and spatial variations in turbulence and bed shear stress. 相似文献
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IINTRODUCTIONEstUariesareprominentcoastalfeatUres.Estuariesareofgreateconomicssignificancetomankind.Attheseareas,manyharborsandwaterchannelshavetobebuiltforeconomicpurposes.ThedesignandconstrUctionofcoastalstrUctUresinestUariesrequireknowledgeofhydrodynamicsaswellassedimenttransportinsuchregions.ThenatUreofestuariesiscontrolledbyvariouscoastalhydrodynamicprocesses.Undertheactionofhydrodynamics,sedimentdepositionsorerosionswilloccurinestuariesornearcoastalstrUCtures.Tomaintainnavigati… 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTIONUnderstanding the flow characters in open channel or other water area, whether natufal water bodies(such as rivers and estuaries) or man-made strUctures (such as navigational channels, harbors), isimportant for addressing numerous hydraulic engineering problems. These include the selechons ofsuitable waste disposal sites, contndnant transport, sediment transport and other ecological problems.The major difficulty for solving these problems is that it often requires an optimal… 相似文献
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One-dimensional vertical and three-dimensional fine-resolution numerical models of sediment transport have been developed and applied to the Torres Strait region of northern Australia. The one-dimensional model, driven by measured waves and currents, was calibrated against measured suspended sediment concentrations using a sequential data assimilation algorithm. The algorithm produced a good match between model and data, but this was achieved only by allowing some temporal variability in parameter values, suggesting that there were underlying uncertainties in the model structure and forcing data. Implications of the assimilation results to the accuracy of the numerical modelling are discussed and the need for observational programmes having an extensive spatial and temporal coverage is highlighted. The three-dimensional sediment model, driven by modelled waves and currents, simulates sediment transport over the shelf during the monsoon and trade-wind seasons covering 1997–2000. The model predicts strong seasonal variability of the sediment transport on the shelf attributed to seasonally varying hydrodynamics, and illustrates significant inter-annual variability of the sediment fluxes driven by extreme events. The developed model provides a platform for testing scientific hypothesis. With additional calibration, including uncertainty analysis, it can also be used in a management context. 相似文献
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Fateme Yousefi Lalimi Marco Marani James Brendan Heffernan Andrea D'Alpaos A. Brad Murray 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(6):1456-1468
The formation and evolution of tidal platforms are controlled by the feedbacks between hydrodynamics, geomorphology, vegetation, and sediment transport. Previous work mainly addresses dynamics at the scale of individual marsh platforms. Here, we develop a process-based model to investigate salt marsh depositional/erosional dynamics and resilience to environmental change at the scale of tidal basins. We evaluate how inputs of water and sediment from river and ocean sources interact, how losses of sediment to the ocean depend on this interaction, and how erosional/depositional dynamics are coupled to these exchanges. Model experiments consider a wide range of watershed, basin, and oceanic characteristics, represented by river discharge and suspended sediment concentration, basin dimensions, tidal range, and ocean sediment concentration. In some scenarios, the vertical accretion of a tidal flat can be greater than the rate of sea level rise. Under these conditions, vertical depositional dynamics can lead to transitions between tidal flat and salt marsh equilibrium states. This type of transition occurs much more rapidly than transitions occurring through horizontal marsh expansion or retreat. In addition, our analyses reveal that river inputs can affect the existence and extent of marsh/tidal flat equilibria by both directly providing suspended sediment (favoring marshes) and by modulating water exchanges with the ocean, thereby indirectly affecting the ocean sediment input to the system (favoring either marshes or tidal flats depending on the ratio of the river and ocean water inputs and their sediment concentrations). The model proposed has the goal of clarifying the roles of the main dynamic processes at play, rather than of predicting the evolution of a particular tidal system. Our model results most directly reflect micro- and meso-tidal environments but also have implications for macro-tidal settings. The model-based analyses presented extend our theoretical understanding of marsh dynamics to a greater range of intertidal environments. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
A water-fluid mud coupling model is developed based on the unstructured grid finite volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM) to investigate the fluid mud motion. The hydrodynamics and sediment transport of the overlying water column are solved using the original three-dimensional ocean model. A horizontal two-dimensional fluid mud model is integrated into the FVCOM model to simulate the underlying fluid mud flow. The fluid mud interacts with the water column through the sediment flux, current, and shear stress. The friction factor between the fluid mud and the bed, which is traditionally determined empirically, is derived with the assumption that the vertical distribution of shear stress below the yield surface of fluid mud is identical to that of uniform laminar flow of Newtonian fluid in the open channel. The model is validated by experimental data and reasonable agreement is found. Compared with numerical cases with fixed friction factors, the results simulated with the derived friction factor exhibit the best agreement with the experiment, which demonstrates the necessity of the derivation of the friction factor. 相似文献
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G.R.J. Cooper 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(5):995-1000
The application of semi‐automatic interpretation techniques to potential field data can be of significant assistance to a geophysicist. This paper generalizes the magnetic vertical contact model tilt‐depth method to gravity data using a vertical cylinder and buried sphere models. The method computes the ratio of the vertical to the total horizontal derivative of data and then identifies circular contours within it. Given the radius of the contour and the contour value itself, the depth to the source can be determined. The method is applied both to synthetic and gravity data from South Africa. The Matlab source code can be obtained from the author upon request. 相似文献
8.
根据瑞典条分法忽略条间力的假设,建立3类边坡破坏模式的计算模型,以水平土条划分为依据得到积分形式下的边坡稳定性解析式。与5个算例对比表明,水平条分的积分解形式简单,计算的稳定性系数偏小,与Bishop法最大偏差不超过13%,说明水平条分可获得较为安全的稳定性系数。水平条分法结果偏小主要原因在于没有考虑条间力,土条只满足力矩的平衡,而不能保证力的平衡。水平土条周身力与竖直土条不同,重力产生的下滑力与抗力到圆心的距离不同,因此在不满足力平衡的基础上会放大下滑力矩,导致整体稳定性系数偏小,由此可知水平条分法是稳定性系数的下限解。水平条分法的优势在于计算区间少,对竖向划分层次多的土体适用,因此在评价边坡稳定性方面仍具有实用价值。 相似文献
9.
水合物分解对桩基础应力和变形影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赋存于海底沉积物中的天然气水合物与固体颗粒相互胶结,增加了沉积物的强度,一旦水合物分解,会引起沉积物剪切强度降低,如果在含有水合物层上面或附近存在桩基础,必然影响其稳定性。本文采用应力释放法,通过数值计算,分别讨论了桩基础底部位于含水合物地层不同深度时,水合物分解对桩基础应力和变形的影响规律。计算结果表明,随着水合物分解过程中的模量软化和强度衰减,桩基础的水平和竖向位移增大,由于地基水平,土体没有驱动剪应力,水平位移增加不大,地基和桩基础主要表现为竖向沉降;桩底部位于水合物层中间的桩基础的沉降变形,比桩底穿过水合物层的桩基础大,在桩基础及其附近的土体产生较大的应力。 相似文献
10.
An improved method for evaluating the seasonal variability of total suspended sediment flux field in the Yellow and East China Seas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The suspended sediment flux field in the Yellow and East China Seas(YECS) displays its seasonal variability.A new method is introduced in this paper to obtain the flux field via retrieval of ocean color remote sensing data,statistical analysis of historical suspended sediment concentration data,and numerical simulation of three-dimensional(3D) flow velocity.The components of the sediment flux field include(i) surface suspended sediment concentration inverted from ocean color remote sensing data;(ii) vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration obtained by statistical analysis of historical observation data;and(iii) 3D flow field modeled by a numerical simulation.With the improved method,the 3D suspended sediment flux field in the YECS has been illustrated.By comparison with the suspended sediment flux field solely based on the numerical simulation of a suspended sediment transport model,the suspended sediment flux field obtained by the improved method is found to be more reliable.The 3D suspended sediment flux field from ocean colour remote sensing and in situ observation are more closer to the reality.Furthermore,by quantitatively analyzing the newly obtained suspended sediment flux field,the quantity of sediment erosion and deposition within the different regions can be evaluated.The sediment exchange between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea can be evident.The mechanism of suspended sediment transport in the YECS can be better understood.In particular,it is suggested that the long-term transport of suspended sediment is controlled mainly by the circulation pattern,especially the current in winter. 相似文献
11.
Y. E. Imam B. E. Laval G. A. Lawrence 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2013,75(2):213-233
Field data and two linear layered models were used to examine the baroclinic response to wind in a small elongated two-basin lake, Amisk Lake (Alberta, Canada). For the first vertical baroclinic mode, wind-forced horizontal modes were simulated using a dynamic two-layer variable cross-section (TVC) model. The first horizontal mode, H1, was found to dominate the exchange between the two basins of Amisk Lake. The highest velocities associated with H1 occurred in the constricted channel connecting the two basins. This high velocity led to strong damping which brought H1 in near-resonance with the diurnal wind despite a difference in periods. Along with H1, the second horizontal mode, H2, was detected at a thermistor mooring. The TVC showed that H2 resulted from the coupling between along-thalweg wind distribution and the bathymetry of Amisk Lake. The damping for H2 was found to be weaker than for H1, likely because of weaker bottom drag in the connecting channel. The evolution of vertical H1 modes were simulated using a multi-layered box model. In response to wind pulses, the first vertical mode V1H1 initially dominated over higher vertical modes causing two-layer exchange. Following the faster decay of V1H1, higher vertical modes shifted the exchange to three and more layers. Our study shows the importance of the coupling between wind stress distribution and lake bathymetry in exciting horizontal modes, reveals the effect of damping on resonance with wind, and explains the evolution of exchange associated with vertical modes. 相似文献
12.
The validation and subsequent application of the current three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic model of Chesapeake Bay is presented. The numerical model solves conservation equations for water mass, momentum, salinity, and heat on a boundary-fitted grid in the horizontal plane and a Cartesian z-grid in the vertical. A generalized ADI finite difference scheme is employed in conjunction with mode splitting technique, solving external and the internal modes. The 10-year boundary conditions including tide, slinity, temperature, wind, heat exchange coefficient, river and non-point source flows were constructed. Model validation was accomplished by demonstrating the model's ability to reproduce observed data over time scales ranging from tidal to seasonal periods. The major parameters compared include tidal elevation, intra-tidal and residual velocities, salinity, temperature, stratification, and flux calculated through the Bay mouth.After validation, the model was applied to simulate bay hydrodynamics for the 10 years of 1985–94. These results were used to drive the three-dimensional water quality model of Chesapeake Bay, which is discussed in a companion paper. 相似文献
13.
Maurizio Brocchini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(1):75-95
The role of wave forcing on the main hydro-morphological dynamics evolving in the shallow waters of the nearshore and at river mouths is analyzed. Focus is mainly on the cross-shore dynamics that evolve over mildly sloping barred, dissipative sandy beaches from the storm up to the yearly timescale, at most. Local and non-local mechanisms as well as connections across three main inter-related subsystems of the nearshore – the region of generation and evolution of nearshore bars, river mouths and the swash zone – are analyzed. The beach slope is a major controlling parameter for all nearshore dynamics. A local mechanism that must be properly described for a suitable representation of wave-forced dynamics of all such three subsystems is the proper correlation between orbital velocity and sediment concentration in the bottom boundary layer; while specific dynamics are the wave–current interaction and bar generation at river mouths and the sediment presuspension at the swash zone. Fundamental non-local mechanisms are both infragravity (IG) waves and large-scale horizontal vortices (i.e. with vertical axes), both influencing the hydrodynamics, the sediment transport and the seabed morphology across the whole nearshore. Major connections across the three subsystems are the upriver propagation of IG waves generated by breaking sea waves and swash–swash interactions, the interplay between the swash zone and along-river-flank sediment transport and the evolution of nearshore sandbars. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Stephane C. Alfaro Valentina Flores‐Aqueveque Gilles Foret Sandrine Caquineau Gabriel Vargas Jose A. Rutllant 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(7):923-932
As previously observed in marine sediments collected downwind of African or South American continental sources, recent studies of sediment cores collected at the bottom of Mejillones Bay in north Chile (23°S) show a laminated structure in which the amount of particles of aeolian origin and their size create significant differences between the layers. This suggests inter‐annual to inter‐decadal variations in the strength of the local southerly winds responsible for (1) the erosion of the adjacent hyperarid surface of the Mejillones Pampa, and (2) the subsequent transport of the eroded particles towards the bay. A simple model accounting for the vertical uptake, transport, and deposition of the particles initially set into motion by wind at the surface of the pampa is proposed. This model, which could be adapted to other locations, assumes that the initial rate of (vertical) uptake is proportional to the (horizontal) saltation flux quantified by means of White's equation, that particles are lifted to a height (H), increasing with the magnitude of turbulence, and that sedimentation progressively removes the coarsest particles from the air column as it moves towards the bay. In this model, the proportionality constant (A) linking the vertical flux of particles with the horizontal flux, and the injection height (H) control the magnitude and size distribution of the deposition flux in the bay. Their values are determined using the wind speed measured over the pampa and the size distribution of particles collected in sediment traps deployed in the bay as constraints. After calibration, the model is used to assess the sensitivity of the deposition flux to the wind intensity variations. The possibility of performing such quantitative studies is necessary for interpreting precisely the variability of the aeolian material in the sediment cores collected at the bottom of Mejillones Bay. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Zygmunt Meyer 《Acta Geophysica》2009,57(3):743-759
In this paper, a modified tachoida is applied to the estimation of sediment transport in a river. Eddy viscosity coefficient
at the bottom which satisfied hydrodynamics stability of the flow is related to the sediment concentration. On this basis
it was possible to determine the sediment stream in the river based on the bottom sediment composition. 相似文献
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随着页岩气勘探与开发的深入,研究页岩裂隙的三维空间展布成为页岩岩石物理研究的必要步骤之一.但由于仪器的限制,页岩切片在深度上具有不连续性,以及数字岩心纵向上成像最小间隔与横向分辨率的不一致成为影响裂隙表征和数字岩石物理模拟精度提高的重要因素.为了更好的研究裂隙在三维的空间展布,本文将curvelet稀疏变换与凸集投影(POCS)迭代算法有效结合,实现三维数字岩心重建.首先对X射线扫描砂岩得到的三维数据体进行隔片抽稀,利用本文方法实现三维数据体重建,重建结果与完整数据体具有很好的一致性,且优于现有方法(spgl1),验证了新方法的有效性与先进性.其次对聚焦离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)得到的纳米级页岩二维切片在深度上进行了加密重建,获得纵向上成像最小间隔与横向分辨率基本一致的三维数字岩心,由于仪器限制引起的页岩切片深度上的不连续性得到减弱,裂隙展布更加清晰.砂岩CT图像以及页岩FIB-SEM成像数据的重建结果验证了本文方法的有效性与先进性. 相似文献
19.
Uniform head in horizontal and vertical wells 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The steady-state head within a fully penetrating well may be estimated by evaluating the Thiem equation at the radius of the well. A method is presented here to extend results from the Thiem equation to horizontal wells and to partially penetrating wells. The particular model used in this investigation is based upon the analytic element method; it accurately reproduces a boundary condition of uniform head along the cylindrical surface at the perforated face of the well. This model is exercised over a representative range of parameters including the well's length, radius, and pumping rate, and the aquifer's hydraulic conductivity and thickness. Results are presented in a set of figures and tables that compare the well's drawdown to the drawdown that would have been obtained using the Thiem solution with the same pumping rate and radius. A methodology is presented to estimate the head within a horizontal or partially penetrating well by adding a correction term to results that can be readily obtained from computer models of vertical fully penetrating wells. This approach may also be used to contrast the differences in head between horizontal and vertical wells of various lengths, radii, and placement elevations. 相似文献
20.
WANG Hou-jie YANG Zuo-sheng LI Rui-jie ZHANG Jun and CHANG Rui-fang Estuarine & Coastal Studies Ocean University of Qingdao Qingdao China Traffic Ocean Engineering College Hohai University Nanjing China corresponding 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(4)
1 wrsoorCnoxThe Yenow mver delta is ereated by the river transponing sediment bom the Loess Plateau to the shallOWBOhai Gulf during the paSt l45 years. lh recent years, the water discharge and sediment load enedg thesea have bein ched dramacaily The river end chann shital northeastWed hom QingshulgOuN to qngshulgou-Chah chaDnel in 1996, resulting in a new regfor of sedimenboon and erosion ofthe subaqucous delta.,A nUInerial model for river sediInen dispersion and seabed mOrPhofogy of t… 相似文献