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建(构)筑物地震破坏等级划分标准有关问题研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国国家标准《建(构)筑物地震破坏等级划分》GB/T24335-2009已于2009年7月16日发布,2009年12月1日开始实施。为了更好地了解该标准,本文介绍了该标准制定过程中一些有关问题的研究情况,主要回顾了我国建(构)筑物地震破坏等级划分的发展历史,总结了国内外现有建(构)筑物地震破坏等级的划分方法,并对其优缺点进行了评述。在此基础上,对标准制定过程中存在的问题进行了讨论,给出了相应的解决办法。 相似文献
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收集了云南地区从１６２４～１９８８年遭受地震破坏的各类桥梁６７座的震害资料,并给出了桥梁的震害、建造年代、场地等情况及破坏程度的划分,根据云南地区地震对桥梁的破坏,石拱桥占的数量较多,钢筋混凝土桥较少。章主要对石拱桥及钢筋混凝土桥的构件震害表现进行分析探讨,认为在一般场地地质条件下,当受到不大于Ⅷ度地震的作用,桥梁受力构件基本不会产生明显破坏;而在场地不利情况下,Ⅵ、Ⅶ度地震都可能会遭受破坏。 相似文献
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单层工业厂房震害估计方法 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文提出了一个划分钢筋混凝土排架厂房震害等级的方法。这个方法把厂房的震害分为三部分:一、抗侧力构件的震害;二、围护墙的震害;三、屋面系统的震害。划分厂房的震害等级时,先分别评定这三部分的震害,然后将它们加权进行综合得厂房的震害等级。文中根据海城和唐山地震中的200多个厂房震害实例,提出了影响上述三部分震害的参数,并研究了这些参数与震害等级的关系。最后给出了一个估计现有钢筋混凝土排架厂房遇到不同烈度地震时的震害等级的方法。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(2)
由于定量分析中存在诸多的不确定性因素,大跨度拱桥需要重视抗震概念设计。给出了国内外大跨度拱桥的典型震害并进行了成因分析。从工程场地选择、合理的桥梁结构体系和布置方案等方面探讨了大跨度拱桥抗震概念设计的总体要求。从采用高强材料、提高整体延性、设置赘余构件与设置多道抗震防线方面给出了大跨度拱桥避免地震脆性破坏的设计原则。基于雅鲁藏布江大桥,提出了主要构件与次要构件的划分方法及设计原则,阐述了拱肋选材、主梁布置、横撑及辅助墩的概念设计,给出了应用减隔震技术、具有多道抗震防线及结构分层次延性破坏的抗震概念设计方法。 相似文献
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抗震设计中结构的性能等级与设计性能安全指数 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通常根据结构的破坏程度可以将结构的破坏划分为：基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏、倒塌等5个阶段。根据这5个阶段,本文将结构在地震过程中的性能极限状态划分为：功能连续极限状态、破坏控制极限状态、控制损失极限状态和防止倒塌极限状态,并以此作为划分结构性能等级的标准。定义结构失效概率的自然对数的负值为设计性能安全指数,通过计算结构失效概率对各构件可靠指标的一阶偏导数的方法,求出结构的设计性能安全等级。这种方法可以考虑建筑结构构件、建筑非结构构件以及其它非结构构件的性能,而且同时可以考虑结构系统总体效应的影响,因而能够比较全面地反映结构的抗震性能等级。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2021,41(5)
卧式三相分离器是油田地面工程中重要的工业设备之一,预测其在不同强度地震作用下的破坏模式和破坏等级对油田防灾减灾工作具有十分重大的现实意义。本研究基于震害经验和可靠度理论,考虑多种破坏模式,参考工业设施破坏等级的确定方法,给出了三相分离器对应不同破坏模式的破坏等级划分方法以及三项分离器综合破坏等级划分方法。结合实例,采用有限元软件ADINA建立了考虑流固耦合效应的有限元模型进行弹塑性地震响应时程分析,提取目标参数进行了三相分离器的震害预测工作。本研究可为卧式三相分离器等油田卧式设备的地震灾害风险排查工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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随着国内外大跨桥梁特别是跨海桥梁建设的迅速发展，沉井基础在桥梁基础中所占的比例越来越大。虽然沉井基础作为1种刚性基础具有良好的力学性能，然而震害实践表明沉井基础在地震作用下也并非万无一失。通过分析国内外典型桥梁沉井基础的震害特征发现，沉井基础的地震破坏与桩基础有显著差异，且与埋置深度有直接关系；研究表明:地震作用下沉井基础的破坏机理及地基承载力与静力作用下明显不同，但目前在该方面的研究还较为欠缺；总结和对比了现有几种沉井基础-土相互作用研究方法，并分析了几种研究方法的优缺点和适用场合；同时也归纳和对比了各国抗震规范对桥梁沉井基础的基本规定、适用范围、计算方法和构造规定等方面的内容。最后结合现有的研究现状对沉井基础抗震性能研究的发展方向进行了展望，此外，随着我国跨海、跨江及跨库区大跨桥梁建设的发展，地震力和波浪力等多灾害因素共同作用下深水沉井基础桥梁破坏机理及设计方法的研究势在必行。 相似文献
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基于数理统计方法,对汶川地震灾区范围内的铁路和公路系统桥梁震害数据进行了统计分析,得到了2种系统梁式桥梁破坏部位震害分布特征及破坏等级变化特征,结果表明:铁路系统桥梁破坏曲线呈"X"形,公路系统桥梁破坏曲线呈波峰状的"X"形,同等地震作用下,公路系统桥梁震害损失比铁路系统桥梁震害损失大,公路系统桥梁抗震性能比铁路系统桥梁抗震性能差;基于桥梁震害统计得到了不同强度地震作用下2种系统梁式桥梁破坏的易损性矩阵,采用贝塔分布函数拟合得出2种系统梁式桥梁地震易损性曲线及分布函数参数,结果表明:2种系统梁式桥梁在低强度地震作用下均以完好、轻微破坏为主,在高强度地震作用时,铁路桥梁以中等破坏为主,公路桥梁则以严重破坏及毁坏为主。研究成果可为地震灾区震害预测和地震灾害损失评估提供参考依据。 相似文献
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弹性波反射法在桩基检测中的理论与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据波动理论探讨了弹性波在砼桩中的传播衰减规律及反射特征，提出了判断桩基质量的有关理论依据，并结合工程实例应用弹性波反射法讨论了时域、频域分析法的基本原理及存在问题． 相似文献
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对琼北地区确定性井下人工爆破和天然地震事件波形特征进行梳理,分析人工爆破与天然地震波不同判据特征。结果表明:P波初动方向、振幅比是识别人工爆破和天然地震的2个主要判据;尾波持续时间、S波最大振幅与持续时间比可作为识别人工爆破和天然地震的一般判据;发震时间可根据事件的强度、规律性,并结合其他判据,仅作为识别过程中的参考因素。 相似文献
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This article analyses the response of steel-moment resisting frames subjected to near-field ground motions. In near-field areas high damage and a relevant number of collapsed steel buildings arose even when both design and detailing had been performed in perfect accordance with the code provisions. These circumstances are related to the characteristics of the motion that in such areas shows large-amplitude pulses along the fault-normal component. The response of two steel moment resisting frames characterized by different stiffness levels and subjected to seven different accelerograms recorded in stations located in near-field areas is discussed in the following. The frames have been also analyzed by modelling the real behavior of semi-rigid joints between beams and columns and taking into account the presence of passive dampers (shear link devices). The non-linear dynamic analysis has been performed with the aim of acquiring a quantitative knowledge on the effects of near-field ground motions on frame buildings and on their damage. 相似文献
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L. A. Shchur 《Water Resources》2009,36(5):568-576
The structural characteristics of phytoplankton in the water-cooling reservoir at Berezovskaya SDPP-1 (the Bereshskoe Reservoir)
are considered. The character of Willis distribution (species distribution over the number of genera) and the genera-averaged
index showed that the reservoir alga-flora is at the stage of saturation. Depending on the season and the year, the trophic
status of the reservoir varied from a median gradation, eutrophic category, to a very high gradation, hypertrophic category;
the degree of blooming in alga development varied from 2nd initial to 4th intensive. Based on phytoplankton characteristics,
water quality was estimated by the 3rd class, water was classified as satisfactorily clear, weakly polluted, and β-mesosaprobic. 相似文献
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The paper focuses on the seismic response of walls in dual (frame + wall) structures, with particular emphasis on shear behaviour.
Although dual structures are widely used in earthquake-resistant medium-rise and high-rise buildings, the provisions of modern
seismic codes regarding design of walls for shear are not fully satisfactory, particularly in the (common) case that walls
of substantially different length form part of the same structure. Relevant provisions of the leading seismic codes are first
summarised and their limitations discussed. Then an extensive parametric study is presented, involving two multistorey dual
systems, one with identical walls, and one with walls with unequal length, designed to the provisions of Eurocode 8 for two
different ductility classes (H and M). The walls of the same structures are also designed to other methods such as those used
in New Zealand and Greece. The resulting different designs are then assessed by subjecting the structures to a suite of strong
ground motions, carrying out inelastic time history analysis, and comparing the results against design action effects. It
is found that although modern code procedures generally lead to satisfactory performance (differences among them do exist),
the design of walls seems to be less appropriate in the case of unequal length walls. For this case a modified procedure is
proposed, consisting of an additional factor to account for the relative contribution of walls of the same length to the total
base and an improved envelope of wall shears along the height; this improved method seems to work better than the other procedures
evaluated herein, but further calibration is clearly required. 相似文献
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This paper addresses some fundamentally contradictory conclusions drawn by Tso and Ying1 and the authors2 regarding the additional seismic ductility demand in asymmetric building structures and the adequacy of certain code torsional provisions. It also clarifies a number of issues arising from the different approaches employed in the two studies. The Mexico 76 and 87 code torsional provisions are taken as examples. Results show that the structural element at the stiff edge is the more critical and that the Mexico 76 code torsional provisions (among others) are inadequate, substantially underestimating the strength demand of this element. On the other hand, the Mexico 87 code torsional provisions are found to be over-conservative. Recommendations are also given for improving the form and effectiveness of these code torsional provisions. 相似文献
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Paleoearthquakes in the Yanqing-Huailai basin and on the Haiyuan fault are studied in detail.The result indicates that the recurrence behavior of large earthquakes is of a wide variety.Characteristic earthquakes show the behavior characteristics of the activity of most faults,butthey are of different grades,the recurrence interval of large earthquakes is of staged nature,and the interaction between faults has effects on the recurrence sequence of large earthquakes.Thus,when the recurrence behavior of large earthquakes is staged in time or when thegradation of characteristic earthquakes has led to a sharp difference in recurrence intervalbetween paleoearthquakes of different intensities,for estimating the large earthquake risk bythe deterministic method and time-dependent probabilistic method,it is necessary to calculatethe recurrence interval value separately for each specific stage or grade in order that theaverage recurrence interval values of different stages can be determined. 相似文献
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This paper examines the distribution of seismic drift demands in multi-storey steel moment frames designed to the provisions of Eurocode 8, with due account of the frequency content of ground motion. After providing an overview of current design rules, selected results from a detailed parametric investigation into inelastic drift demands are presented and discussed. The study includes extensive incremental dynamic analyses covering a wide range of structural characteristics and a large suite of ground motion records. The mean period is adopted in this work as a measure of the frequency content of ground motion. Prediction models for maximum global and inter-storey drift demands are presented and shown to be primarily affected by the fundamental-to-mean period ratio and the behaviour factor. Particular attention is given in this paper to the influence of the relative storey stiffness ratio on the distribution of drift demands over the height of the structure. In order to achieve a comparatively uniform drift distribution, a target relative storey stiffness ratio, incorporating the structural and ground motion characteristics, is proposed for design purposes. Finally, the implications of the findings on typical design procedures are highlighted, and possible improvements in codified guidance are discussed. 相似文献