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1.
依据1970年以来记录相对完整的294次50级以上地震序列资料，研究中国大陆中强地震余震序列统计特征，探讨序列类型、最大余震震级、强余震活动持续时间等与主震震级及主震断层性质之间的关系.中国大陆孤立型、主余型及多震型地震余震序列分别约占23%、59%及18%.其中走滑型、具有倾滑分量的走滑型、具有走滑分量的倾滑型及逆冲型分别占48%、24%、17%及11%. 余震序列1年内最大余震震级与主震震级正相关，但主震震级较低时相对离散，孤立型序列离散程度较高，主余型及多震型序列线性相关性较好.绝大多数序列最大余震均发生在震后200天内，少数具有晚期强余震的序列主要属主余型序列,孤立型及多震型序列通常没有晚期强余震发生.68%的序列1年内最大余震发生在震后10天内，77%发生在震后30天之内,95%发生在震后120天之内.序列最大余震发生时间及5、6级强余震活动持续时间与序列类型及主震震级大小有关，多震型序列最大余震发生最快，孤立型次之、主余型最长.若仅就主余型序列而言，当主震震级较高时最大余震与主震间时间间隔相对较短，主震震级较低时最大余震与主震间时间间隔相对较长. 相似文献
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系统研究了1976年以来全球58次M_W≥7.8浅源地震序列的统计特征。结果显示:(1)在58次巨大地震中,板间地震45次,板内地震13次,板内地震强度低于板间地震。(2)74.1%的板间地震为逆断层错动,61.5%的板内地震为走滑型错动。(3)58次地震序列中,82.8%为主-余型,17.2%为多震型;与5级以上地震序列不同,巨大地震没有孤立型,其余震比较活跃;板内地震中,多震型占7.7%,而板间地震中多震型占20%。(4)对于主-余型序列,75%的主震与最大余震的震级差为1.0～2.0级;震级差与主震震源错动类型有关,走滑型的震级差明显大于逆冲型;68%的最大余震发生在主震后3天内,其次为10天左右与1个月左右; 49%的D_(max-aft)(最大余震震中与主震震中间的距离)不超过余震区长轴的1/3,31%的D_(max-aft)为余震区尺度的1/3～1/2;最大余震的发生时间、最大余震震中与主震震中间的距离同主震断层错动类型间的关系不明显。(5)应用ETAS模型计算了46个序列参数后发现,b值、p值和a值均呈Beta分布,b值平均为1.164±0.211,p值平均为1.559±0.412,a值平均为1.673±0.911; p值和a值分布分散;对于不同的序列类型、震源错动类型及板内、板间地震,b值差异不显著;逆冲型序列p值明显大于走滑型和正断层型;板间地震序列a值明显小于板内地震;逆冲型序列a值明显小于走滑型和正断层型;这表明,与板内地震相比,板间地震具有较强的"余震激发余震"的能力;逆冲型破裂虽然会导致序列衰减较快,但触发次级余震的能力相对较强。(6)逆冲型巨大地震余震区长轴L的对数与主震震级M_W间的拟合关系式为lg L=(-1.399±0.306)+(0.470±0.037) M_W。 相似文献
3.
地震序列类型,地震序列b值与地震大形势关系初探 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
根据最大地震与次大地震震级差将地震序列划分为孤立型,主余型,双震型和多震型４种。通过我国大陆１４３个序列划分结果,孤立型占１４％,主余型占５９％,双震型占１３％,多震型占１４％,地震序列ｂ值与主震震级和序列类型有关,在类型要同的情况下主震震级越大序列ｂ值越高,在主震震级相近的序列中孤立型序列ｂ值最小,主余型和双震型居中且差别不大,多震型ｂ值在７级和６级地震序列中最大的,根据实验结果探讨了序列ｂ值变 相似文献
4.
文中根据南北地震带中段及附近区域1973年以来86次5.0级以上的地震序列统计结果,对地震序列类型和空间分布进行分析,结果表明:1)研究区域内的地震序列以主余型为主(51%),多震型次之(29%),孤立型最少(20%);同一序列类型中,随着地震震级增大,主余型地震所占的比例增加,多震型、孤立型逐渐减少,7.0级以上地震以主余型为主,无孤立型地震;对于不同破裂类型,逆冲型地震中主余型最多,多震型地震更可能为走滑和正断性质的地震。2)主余型和多震型地震序列的主震与最大余震震级的线性关系相对较好;绝大多数地震的最大余震多发生在震后20d内,主余型最大余震集中在震后3d内发生,多震型地震中次大地震集中在震后12d内发生,孤立型地震的最大余震多发生在地震当天。3)地震序列空间分布显示,主余型地震分布相对较广,多震型地震主要集中在川西巴塘—理塘、川东马边—昭通一带、川北松潘和滇西北云龙、姚安、龙陵及附近区域,甘孜-玉树断裂带、鲜水河断裂带NW段及四川盆地等地更易发生孤立型地震。4)地震序列类型的空间分布可能与本区域的地质构造和历史地震活动存在一定的关系。 相似文献
5.
依据1970年以来记录相对完备的MSge;5.0地震序列资料，统计研究了中国大陆余震分布尺度与序列最大地震震级M0及最大地震破裂形式之间的关系. 在95%置信概率下，考虑主震破裂形式， 分序列类型给出了余震分布尺度与M0之间的统计关系. 定性而言，余震分布尺度的对数lgR与M0正相关， 但数据分布较为离散. 分类型来看， 孤立型序列余震分布尺度与M0之间统计相关程度低， 余震分布尺度介于5~60 km之间； 主余型序列lgR与M0正相关； 多震型序列当M0le;6.2时lgR与M0之间相关性不显著，余震分布尺度介于5~70 km之间， 当M0ge;6.3时lgR与M0线性相关. 统计结果还表明， 走滑近走滑及斜滑型主震所导致序列类型比例之间没有显著差异，而倾滑近倾滑型主震（主要为逆断型破裂）所导致的主余型序列所占比例较高， 孤立型及多震型序列所占比例则相对较低. 对比研究显示， 当M0较高时，余震分布尺度主要取决于主震大小而与主震破裂形式关系不明显. 相似文献
6.
《华北地震科学》2015,(4)
依据1965年以来云南地区记录相对完整的108次5.0级以上地震序列资料,研究云南中强地震余震序列统计特征,探讨序列类型、余震震级、余震分布范围及间隔时间等与主震震级之间的关系。云南地区孤立型、主余型、多震型地震序列分别约占3.7%、63.0%及33.3%。5.0级以上主余型地震序列半年内发生的最大余震震级与主震震级总体呈正相关,但主震震级较低时相对离散。云南地区最大余震与主震距离空间分布具有分级的特点:当5.0≤主震震级M6.5时,最大余震优势分布范围是0~20km;当主震震级M≥6.5时,最大余震优势分布范围是5~40km。在云南地区的主余型地震序列中有68%的最大余震发生在主震后10d内,84%发生在震后30d内,97%发生在震后90d内。多震型序列中第一大震与第二大震发生的时间间隔和震中距的分布规律与主余型地震序列基本一致。 相似文献
7.
汶川8.0级地震序列及相关问题讨论 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
汶川8.0级地震序列具有明显的分段特性,较强余震分布于茂县、绵竹以南及平武以北。主破裂过程在中南段以逆冲为主,序列逐渐衰减,呈主余型的序列衰减特征;北段是汶川地震破裂过程的终止区域,主破裂过程在该区域以走滑为主,形成多震型的序列特征,也成为汶川序列较大余震的主体活动区域。序列较强余震活动明显受引潮力调制,大多数较强余震发生在固体潮大、小潮时段,并且16时前后是较强余震的优势发震时段。序列衰减系数p值随时间增加而逐渐增大,最终基本稳定在1附近变化。结合以往的研究,对序列类型及最大强余震震级、强余震活动持续时间等进行了初步讨论。初步的统计结果还显示,8级左右强震序列中主震与最大余震之间的震级差正比于主震破裂尺度,这意味着当震级大体接近时,较大的破裂尺度与较为充分的能量释放相对应 相似文献
8.
对1970年以来西藏地区139组5级以上地震序列类型进行统计及特征分析,发现西藏地区中强以上地震序列以主—余型和孤立型为主,约占79.1%。随主震震级的增加,主—余型所占比例逐渐增加,孤立型和多震型所占比例减少。绝大多数地震的最大震级余震在主震后3个月内发生。西藏地区多震型地震主要发生西藏中强以上地震活跃时段,因此在西藏及邻区5级以上地震频度较高时需注意多震型地震的发生。从地震序列类型空间分布来看,孤立型地震和主—余型地震大多发生在构造相对单一的地区,而多震型地震则大多发生在构造复杂且存在多组构造交汇的区域。 相似文献
9.
对1970年1月至2012年12月西北地区东部51次5级以上地震序列进行统计研究,其中走滑型占58.8%,逆断和逆冲型占19.6%,正断型占11.8%。在相同破裂类型和序列类型下,主震与最大余震的震级关系线性较好,主震与最大余震时间间隔之间的线性关系较差。走滑型和逆断型地震的60%以上主震后1天内发生最大余震,正断型地震中16.7%主震后1天内发生最大余震。若序列不属双震多震类型,分析最大余震时,可利用经验公式ΔM=1.54×M-6.53。 相似文献
10.
依据1966 年以来中国大陆及边邻地区记录相对完备的6 级以上地震序列资料,统计研究了地震的破裂类型和不同破裂类型下余震序列特征等,得到了不同破裂类型下不同余震序列比例和优势分布、主震震级与最大余震震级差的经验关系。主震与最大余震的震级关系线性较好,得到的经验公式可以为中国大陆及边邻地区同类地震的最大余震震级判定提供参考;最大余震发生在主震后10 天内的比例为43. 8% ～ 81. 8% ,正断型和走滑型中的孤立型的最大余震发生在主震后10 天内的比例高达80% 。 相似文献
11.
《地震研究进展（英文）》2023,3(1):100184
The 2022 MS 6.8 Luding earthquake is the strongest earthquake in Sichuan Province, Western China, since the 2017 MS 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. It occurred on the Moxi fault in the southeastern segment of the Xianshuihe fault, a tectonically active and mountainous region with severe secondary earthquake disasters. To better understand the seismogenic mechanism and provide scientific support for future hazard mitigation, we summarize the preliminary results of the Luding earthquake, including seismotectonic background, seismicity and mainshock source characteristics and aftershock properties, and direct and secondary damage associated with the mainshock. The peak ground displacements in the NS and EW directions observed by the nearest GNSS station SCCM are ～35 mm and ～55 mm, respectively, resulting in the maximum coseismic dislocation of 20 mm along the NWW direction, which is consistent with the sinistral slip on the Xianshuihe fault. Back-projection of teleseismic P waves suggest that the mainshock rupture propagated toward south-southeast. The seismic intensity of the mainshock estimated from the back-projection results indicates a Mercalli scale of VIII or above near the ruptured area, consistent with the results from instrumental measurements and field surveys. Numerous aftershocks were reported, with the largest being MS 4.5. Aftershock locations (up to September 18, 2022) exhibit 3 clusters spanning an area of 100 km long and 30 km wide. The magnitude and rate of aftershocks decreased as expected, and the depths became shallower with time. The mainshock and two aftershocks show left-lateral strike-slip focal mechanisms. For the aftershock sequence, the b-value from the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude relationship, h-value, and p-value for Omori’s law for aftershock decay are 0.81, 1.4, and 1.21, respectively, indicating that this is a typical mainshock-aftershock sequence. The low b-value implies high background stress in the hypocenter region. Analysis from remote sensing satellite images and UAV data shows that the distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides was consistent with the aftershock area. Numerous small-size landslides with limited volumes were revealed, which damaged or buried the roads and severely hindered the rescue process. 相似文献
12.
A probabilistic modeling is used to analyze the spatio-temporal behavior of eleven aftershock sequences occurred in South and Southeastern Spain. This study focuses on the analysis of two seismicity parameters: the b-value of the frequency-magnitude distribution, and the p-value, explaining the temporal decay rate of aftershocks. The estimated b values range between 0.77 ± 0.05 and 1.18 ± 0.10 close to the typical b-values of the aftershock frequency-magnitude relationship b ≈ 1.0. The estimated p-values range between 0.75 ± 0.03 and 1.43 ± 0.10 showing broad regimes of the temporal decay of aftershocks. The modified Bath’s law used to analyze the energy partitioning, suggests that a large fraction of the accumulated energy is released in the mainshock and relatively small fraction of energy is released during aftershock sequence, for example 80% of the total energy is released during the Mula 1999 mainshock, 88% during Bullas 2002 mainshock and 87% during La Paca 2005 mainshock. The fractal dimension D2 is estimated using the correlation integral, and then used to derive the slip ratio, as the ratio of the slip occurred on primary fault segment to the total slip. For example, we obtained a slip ratio equal to 71% for the Mula 1999 aftershock sequence, 61% for the Bullas 2002 event, 58% for the La Paca 2005 aftershock, 50% for the Lorca 2011 sequence and 63% for the sequence triggered by the Gador 2002 mainshock.Finally, the correlations between the fractal dimension, the b-value and the p-value is analyzed, and the Aki’s relation D = 3b/c is discussed as well. 相似文献
13.
Introduction Through studying ″foreshock″ and sequence features of strong earthquakes with focal mechanism of strike-slip or thrust occurred in the shallow subduction zone or in the continental thrust belt respectively, Reasenberg (1999) suggested that precursory representation and the se- quence features are related tightly to the rupture mechanism of the mainshock. This implies that the rupture pattern of the mainshock is probably one of the important factors affecting the features of afte… 相似文献
14.
为考察2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震震后序列参数的早期特征, 利用“传染型余震序列”(ETAS)模型和最大似然法进行了参数估计. 设定截止震级Mc=ML2.0, 拟合时段为震后0.31—24.12天, 计算获得α=1.89, p=1.22, 同时利用最大似然法估计获得b=0.72. 与中国大陆地区其它中强震的余震序列参数的比较表明, 芦山MS7.0地震序列参数表现为触发次级余震的能力较弱和序列衰减速率较快的特征, 反映出余震区相对较高的应力水平. 为检测结果的稳定性, 设定不同的截止震级Mc以及不同的拟合截止时间, 分别进行参数拟合和参数标准差估计. 结果表明, Mc的选取对α值影响明显, 对p值影响则较小. 此外, 震后10天内获得的参数拟合结果随时间变化较为明显, 而其后各参数变化总体较为平稳. 相似文献
15.
Egill Hauksson Joann Stock Kate Hutton Wenzheng Yang J. Antonio Vidal-Villegas Hiroo Kanamori 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(8-9):1255-1277
The El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake sequence started with a few foreshocks in March 2010, and a second sequence of 15 foreshocks of M?>?2 (up to M4.4) that occurred during the 24?h preceding the mainshock. The foreshocks occurred along a north?Csouth trend near the mainshock epicenter. The M w 7.2 mainshock on April 4 exhibited complex faulting, possibly starting with a ~M6 normal faulting event, followed ~15?s later by the main event, which included simultaneous normal and right-lateral strike-slip faulting. The aftershock zone extends for 120?km from the south end of the Elsinore fault zone north of the US?CMexico border almost to the northern tip of the Gulf of California. The waveform-relocated aftershocks form two abutting clusters, each about 50?km long, as well as a 10?km north?Csouth aftershock zone just north of the epicenter of the mainshock. Even though the Baja California data are included, the magnitude of completeness and the hypocentral errors increase gradually with distance south of the international border. The spatial distribution of large aftershocks is asymmetric with five M5+ aftershocks located to the south of the mainshock, and only one M5.7 aftershock, but numerous smaller aftershocks to the north. Further, the northwest aftershock cluster exhibits complex faulting on both northwest and northeast planes. Thus, the aftershocks also express a complex pattern of stress release along strike. The overall rate of decay of the aftershocks is similar to the rate of decay of a generic California aftershock sequence. In addition, some triggered seismicity was recorded along the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults to the north, but significant northward migration of aftershocks has not occurred. The synthesis of the El Mayor-Cucapah sequence reveals transtensional regional tectonics, including the westward growth of the Mexicali Valley and the transfer of Pacific?CNorth America plate motion from the Gulf of California in the south into the southernmost San Andreas fault system to the north. We propose that the location of the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah, as well as the 1992 Landers and 1999 Hector Mine earthquakes, may have been controlled by the bends in the plate boundary. 相似文献
16.
Athanassios Ganas Zafeiria Roumelioti Vassilios Karastathis Konstantinos Chousianitis Alexandra Moshou Evangelos Mouzakiotis 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(3):433-455
We investigate mainshock slip distribution and aftershock activity of the 8 January 2013 M w?=?5.7 Lemnos earthquake, north Aegean Sea. We analyse the seismic waveforms to better understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of earthquake rupture within the seismogenic layer of the crust. Peak slip values range from 50 to 64 cm and mean slip values range from 10 to 12 cm. The slip patches of the event extend over an area of dimensions 16?×?16 km2. We also relocate aftershock catalog locations to image seismic fault dimensions and test earthquake transfer models. The relocated events allowed us to identify the active faults in this area of the north Aegean Sea by locating two, NE–SW linear patterns of aftershocks. The aftershock distribution of the mainshock event clearly reveals a NE–SW striking fault about 40 km offshore Lemnos Island that extends from 2 km up to a depth of 14 km. After the mainshock most of the seismic activity migrated to the east and to the north of the hypocenter due to (a) rupture directivity towards the NE and (b) Coulomb stress transfer. A stress inversion analysis based on 14 focal mechanisms of aftershocks showed that the maximum horizontal stress is compressional at N84°E. The static stress transfer analysis for all post-1943 major events in the North Aegean shows no evidence for triggering of the 2013 event. We suggest that the 2013 event occurred due to tectonic loading of the North Aegean crust. 相似文献
17.
为考察目前国际上广泛使用、对真实地震序列描述最好的"传染型余震序列模型"(ETAS)在主震后的序列参数拟合、余震短期发生率预测的效能,本研究以2014年云南鲁甸MS6.5地震序列为例,采用滑动连续拟合与预测的方式,考察了ETAS模型参数的动态变化和余震短期发生率预测的实际效能.连续滑动拟合结果表明,在主震发生后的早期阶段,α值有明显的不稳定变化,在震后5.10天稳定在1.6~2.0;p值在震后25.00天内由1.07逐渐下降至0.78左右,其后稳定在0.72~0.85;b值在震后35.00天内逐渐由0.80增加至0.95,其后稳定在0.93~0.97.对连续滑动预测结果的N-test检验表明,余震发生率预测会出现部分失效现象,1天预测时间窗失效比例约为12%、3天预测时间窗失效比例为6%.建议可在震后早期采用1天的较短预测时间窗,而在序列参数较为稳定时段采用较长的3天预测时间窗. 相似文献