共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
分量式钻孔应变观测,是当今国际上地壳岩石应变相对测量的主流方法,由于应变需在岩石、水泥和仪器钢筒等三层介质中传递,故与无孔岩石不同,观测系统存在附加应变场,测得的面应变与剪应变并不等于钻孔围岩的真实应变,分别需要一个传递系数与之关联,所以分析外加应变向探头的传递过程很有必要.根据双衬套理论,首先推导出平面应力作用下岩石面应变与剪应变传递系数(β_m、β_j)的计算公式,分别对其影响机制进行讨论,并给出有关变化规律曲线和定量指标.继续给出三维空间应力作用下面应变传递系数(β_(m3))的计算公式,并讨论了β_(m3)与β_m的关系及适用范围;剪应变因不受垂直向应力的影响,传递系数仍为β_j.通过观测值和求解传递系数,最终可以确定地壳岩石的真实应变量.该项工作对观测数据的物理解释和仪器设计、安装参数的优化也能提供帮助. 相似文献
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在钻孔应变观测的实际标定分析中,一般是通过对钻孔应变观测资料采用固体潮调和分析的方法直接获得钻孔面应变耦合系数,该方法未能充分反映观测的钻孔应变与地层应变之间的内在联系。本文基于“地层-等效弹性层-水泥环-钢筒”四层耦合介质钻孔模型,利用TJ-2C型体应变仪器的测量钢筒内外径和弹性参数、钻孔半径以及水泥环弹性参数,给出不同地层中钻孔耦合系数与钻孔等效弹性层弹性模量之间的变化关系。对我国现有运行的40多套TJ-2C型钻孔体应变观测资料的分析表明,潮汐因子分布范围在0.01至1.86之间,基岩为花岗岩类的潮汐因子均值为0.83,基岩为灰岩或砂岩类的潮汐因子均值为0.57,即硬地层中的潮汐因子高于软地层。基于对该四层模型探讨发现,等效弹性层的等效弹性模量大小反映了钻孔的耦合状态,对于同类型基岩地层,探头与地层耦合不佳将导致其等效弹性层弹性模量下降,进而导致钻孔潮汐因子下降。本文以砂岩弹性模量0.5 GPa作为判定钻孔耦合状态的下限,即认为等效弹性模量低于0.5 GPa时钻孔处于脱耦状态,统计结果表明我国现有钻孔体应变观测中有约30%的钻孔处于脱耦状态,这一研究结果对预报人员应用这些钻孔资料开展地震分析预报工作有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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钻孔应变观测系统（岩石、 膨胀水泥和应变仪钢筒）存在显著的井孔耦合效应,只有确定这一耦合系数,才能得到地壳岩石的真实应变值,从而实现不同测点数据的可比性．本文根据双衬套理论及弹性力学理论,建立了三维空间应力作用下体应变与面应变观测力学模型,并进一步推导各自井孔耦合系数计算式,发现两组系数与井孔的受力状况密切相关,分别与不同力源引起的应变信号相对应．亦即应力比（钻孔轴向应力与平面应力之比）不同,耦合系数也不一样,体应变随应力比的增大而下降,面应变则上升. 本文结果还表明平面应力作用下的耦合系数与外加应力无关,只与观测系统本身有关,故数值保持恒定. 此外,文中对其影响因素也进行了分析,结果表明,体应变和面应变的井孔耦合系数均随岩石弹性模量和泊松系数的增大而增大,且前者的幅度较大,井孔耦合材料水泥对二者影响均很小． 相似文献
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我们率先用钻孔应变仪观测资料研究了地球自由振荡. 泰安地震台有差应变和体应变两种钻孔应变观测仪器，都观测到2004年12月26日苏门答腊大地震激发的地球自由振荡. 体应变仪观测到地球的球型振荡，而差应变仪观测到地球的环型振荡. 两种观测还记录到环型振荡与球型振荡相互的耦合作用. 观测也记录到明显的一些振型的谱线分裂现象. 用直接观测到的高质量的环型振荡资料求解了0T8～0T19等主要振型的Q值. 根据两个方向的剪应变观测数据，求解了环型振荡的最大剪应变方向，发现这个方向是相当稳定的. 这种研究表明，高精度钻孔应变观测仪是一种理想的地壳形变观测仪器，可以为地球自由振荡研究提供更丰富的信息. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(1)
钻孔应变仪安装时出现的探头偏心现象会使观测数据质量受到影响.四分量钻孔应变仪设计独特,第一、三组元件观测值之和与第二、四组观测值之和相等,此为钻孔应变观测自洽.钻孔应变观测质量可由观测值能否自洽进行检测.本文将有限元数值计算和钻孔应变观测理论模型相结合,主要分析应变仪安装探头偏心是否造成观测数据不自洽,并讨论造成不自洽的原因.考虑仪器不同程度偏心,结果显示偏心引起观测数据不自洽,偏心尺度越大,不自洽越明显.本文也发现仪器不偏心时,耦合系数为常数,一旦仪器偏心,耦合系数随着元件方位角改变而变化,这与通常总将耦合系数看作常数是不一致的.而引起不自洽的原因是探头偏心导致耦合系数随着元件方位角发生改变.此外,耦合系数A,B和加载载荷无关.本文对偏心情形下的数据进行校正,通过校正去除了偏心对结果的影响,同时也分析了钻孔应变观测相对标定的合理性和有效性. 相似文献
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用固体潮观测资料将钻孔应变变化换算为地层的应力变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用钻孔应变观测值中潮汐频段部分和钻孔岩芯的弹性系数,将钻孔应变换算为地层应力的格值,用此格值可将钻孔应变的非潮汐变化换算成该地地层的非潮汐应力变化。从潮汐模型研究和潮汐观测结果来看,勒夫数受地球在结构的影响,空间变化不大,据此可用勒夫数的模型值去求定标应力。由钻孔应变观测值求定钻孔应变的面应力系数和差应力系数,而不必知道耦合介质的力学性能。探头周围介质若非各向同性时,应力系数可用椭圆的解析式拟合 相似文献
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根据“双衬套”理论模型和应变理论, 以易县台分量钻孔应变观测资料为例解算测区构造应变变化。 由于易县台分量钻孔应变元件灵敏度不一致, 首先进行相对实地标定, 数据信度由0.7557升高到0.9344; 其次, 应用理论固体潮对易县台分量钻孔应变进行绝对标定, 得到耦合系数; 最后, 通过应变换算得到易县台观测点附近的应变参数, 面应变εa每年以2440 ns的速度变化, 最大剪应变εs以每年230 ns的速度变化, 应变主方向为138°。 综合结果表明, 易县台测区附近的构造应变呈稳定拉伸的状态。 相似文献
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钻孔耦合对体应变观测的影响分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用三层厚壁筒组合模型,给出不同类型体应变的相互转换关系,分析模型参数变化对3类体应变仪观测的影响。通过对全国60多个台站的体应变观测资料分析,发现钻孔的气压系数与潮汐因子无简单对应关系。利用固体潮标定不同台站的体应变到统一系统的体应变,结果表明,多数台站存在体应变潮汐因子观测值比理论值明显偏小现象,推测可能与钻孔存在非完全耦合有关。 相似文献
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INFLUENCE OF PUMPING ON FOUR-COMPONENT BOREHOLE STRAIN AT TAI'AN SEISMIC STATION AND ITS INTERFERENCE MECHANISM 
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下载免费PDF全文 JIA Yuan GAN Wei-jun LI Jie ZHU Cheng-lin YIN Hai-tao LU Shuang-ling JU Jia-bin 《地震地质》2019,41(6):1429-1443
Four-component borehole strainmeter (FCBS) is one kind of high-precision borehole strain observation instruments invented in China. As a kind of near-surface deformation observation instrument, FCBS is also easily disturbed by the external environment factors. As a common factor, pumping has significant influence on FCBS observation. Existing studies mostly identify the pumping interference from the perspective of observation curve morphology, relatively few studies focus on its interference mechanism. In order to truly capture earthquake precursor information, it is necessary to study the interference mechanism. In recent years, RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station has been seriously affected by pumping, so it is necessary and also feasible to study the interference mechanism of pumping. Since the influence of pumping interference on borehole strainmeter is common, this work would be very practical and be used for reference by other borehole strain observation stations.
We find that the original observation curves and observed surface strain, shear strain from RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station have the characteristics of synchronous change with the borehole water level, in which the linear correlation coefficient between the two observed shear strain curves and borehole water level reached 0.70 and 0.82 respectively. We further find that the principal strain direction of borehole and borehole water level after normalization meet the nonlinear function as y=1.217arctan(x)0.224-0.284. The above phenomenon indicates that the observation of RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station is significantly affected by the borehole water level, and the influence is more obvious and the gradient is larger at the stage of low water level. Pumping interference often appears in low water level stage and changes the rock pore pressure state. Statistics show that pumping interference affects the borehole strain state.
To investigate the interference mechanism of pumping to RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station, we take a known pumping as an example, in which we study the principal strain state of the borehole in three periods of normal pumping, interruption of pumping and resuming pumping respectively. During each period, we solve 3 parameters of the principal plane strain state, i.e. the maximum principal strain rate, the minimum principal strain rate and the maximum principal strain direction from four observation equations of FCBS by nonlinear iterative least squares algorithm. On the other hand, concentrated load model (CLM) is used to simulate the mechanical mechanism of pumping. Firstly, the depth of FCBS relative to pumping source and the concentrated load at pumping source are inversed, then, the strain state surrounding the pumping well, including the state at RZB-3 borehole, is simulated by forward modeling. By comparing these results, we find that:
(1)The concentrated load at pumping source inversed by CLM during periods of normal pumping and resuming pumping are both located at or near the bottom of the pumping well, which is consistent with the actual situation, indicating that mechanism and degree of the influence of pumping on borehole strain are well simulated by CLM.
(2)The observed strain state is consistent with the simulation result of pumping interference by forward modeling, indicating that the principal strain state of borehole calculated based on observation of FCBS reflects the true strain state of borehole under different pumping states.(3)The inversed concentrated load at pumping source during pumping periods is significant greater than the load of the pumped water, indicating that the pumping process has more significant influence on the pore pressure of rocks than the load of the pumped water.
Even though CLM is an approximate simulation since it's based on some elastic assumptions, the interference mechanism of pumping on RZB-3 type FCBS at Tai'an seismic station is well explained, which is maybe very helpful for studying the influence of pumping interference on other deformation instruments, locating the unknown pumping source and studying the characteristics of pore pressure of rocks. 相似文献
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将钻孔体应变仪与分量式应变仪的观测资料在面应变平台上进行整合,对于解决目前两种应变仪观测数据的评估、分析、处理和地震预报问题有实际意义．根据潘立宙-陈沅俊和Evertson理论及弹性力学知识,分别建立了平面应力作用下体应变和面应变观测的力学模型,推导了观测钻孔、空孔和无孔岩石体应变与面应变转换系数的计算公式,发现它们都可以归结为同一公式描述,差异仅在于k（体应变仪钢筒内壁或无孔岩石面应变与空孔岩石面应变之比）的取值不同．用Evertson理论推导的公式与空孔岩石情形相近,当岩石弹性模量为4times;1010——8times;1010 Pa时,二者都可以看成是对潘-陈公式的一种简化、近似计算;无孔岩石的情况则相当于在岩石弹性模量为1times;1010 Pa时对该式的一种估计. 文中结合实际情况对转换系数的各种影响因素进行了详细分析． 相似文献
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A Review of the Calculation Formula for the Four-component Borehole Strainmeter and Application to Earthquake Cases 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the principle formula for the four-component strainmeters, we can directly obtain the specific plane strain, shear strain and azimuthal angle of the principal strain, and the maximum and minimum principal strains calculated afterwards are the indirect result. The problems of practicality of the sensitivity coefficients A and B of plane strain and shear strain are then discussed. Based on this idea, we analyzed the observation data of several four-component borehole strainmeters near the epicenter of the Yiliang MS5.7 earthquake in 2012 and the Ludian MS6.5 earthquake in 2014 in the Zhaotong area, Yunnan Province. The results show that the analysis based on the perspective of plane strain and shear strain has an obviously better effect than that based on the component readings, and can directly peel off the respective abnormality of the plane strain and shear strain. In addition, the correlation coefficient curves between measured data of two plane strains show significant anomalies which often occur several days before and during the earthquake. 相似文献
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本文采用摩尔圆模型推导出中国和美国3种不同类型的四分量不同布设的两套钻孔应变的5组观测组合公式,随机选取了25个台站多年的观测资料计算5组最大、最小主应变及主方向,并采用两两相关和回归分析的方法对其一致性进行了检核.计算结果显示:经过大致1—2年时间后,应变不变量变化稳定,主应变及主方向越来越接近;大多数台站5组最大、最小主应变数值之间的相关系数和回归系数接近于1,表明这些仪器记录的应变数据具有客观真实性.5组主方向数值相差较大,本文对此进行了分析,并给出了5组观测组合公式的误差估计,发现主应变计算值的最大均方根误差是有上限的,主方向没有上限.最后对影响钻孔应变5组不变量一致性的一些因素进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明钻孔应变观测技术有其特殊的困难,在经历了半个世纪实践后,取得了重要进展,但仍有一些技术问题亟待解决. 相似文献