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用于弹性波模拟的交错网格预处理和多次校正的Chebyshev谱元法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于弹性波动方程,从其弱形式出发,利用Galerkin变分原理,通过对方程进行空间和时间上的离散,在空间域中引入预条件共轭梯度的逐元算法,在时间域中引入时间积分的交错网格预处理/多次校正算法,发展了弹性波模拟的Chebyshev谱元算法。针对均匀固体介质和具有倾斜分层的分区均匀固体介质模型,通过与有限差分算法结果相比较验证其精度的可信性,同时利用该算法模拟了弹性波在具有水平分层的任意起伏自由表面模型中的传播,并分析了其传播特点。研究表明,我们提出的交错网格预处理/多次校正算法的Chebyshev谱元算法,保留了有限元法的优势,并且采用了具有最优张量乘积技术的元到元的算法,能够处理带有起伏自由表面的复杂介质模型,它具有比有限元法收敛快,计算效率较高等优点,特别适合于复杂结构和复杂介质中的弹性波传播的数值模拟。 相似文献
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弹性波逆时偏移不受倾角和偏移孔径的限制,能够实现任意复杂构造的高精度多波成像,是目前最精确的多分量资料偏移成像方法之一.逆时偏移算法的核心是波场延拓,传统波场延拓以水平基准面为边界条件,基于固定采样步长进行规则网格剖分,采用阶梯近似法处理起伏地表和复杂构造界面时会产生台阶散射,严重影响起伏地表复杂构造的成像精度.基于无网格节点模型,定量分析了弹性波模拟中径向基函数有限差分法的频散关系和稳定性条件.基于此,提出一种基于QR径向基函数的高精度有限差分方法,并提出一种优化的起伏地表自适应节点剖分方法,推导了精确的无网格自由边界条件和弹性波无网格混合吸收边界条件,形成了新的基于无网格的起伏地表弹性波数值模拟方法.此外,本文将此无网格径向基函数有限差分方法应用于精确的纵横波场矢量分解公式,实现了起伏地表弹性波逆时偏移成像.通过对高斯山丘模型,起伏凹陷模型和起伏地表Marmousi-2模型进行数值试算,验证了本文方法的有效性和可行性. 相似文献
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复杂介质中的地震波数值模拟对于地震勘探非常重要.实际应用中经常遇到介质参数剧烈变化的情况,必须选择合适的数值方法进行正演,使波场模拟精度和计算效率满足要求.本文研究了旋转交错网格有限差分法与任意高阶间断有限元法在非均匀弹性介质中波场模拟的精度与计算效率,分析了界面两侧介质参数相对变化量以及界面倾角对上述两种方法数值模拟结果的影响.对于水平界面,界面两侧介质参数一定范围内的改变对旋转交错网格有限差分法的振幅精度和相位精度没有影响;在介质参数存在强反差的情况下,任意高阶间断有限元法需要使用高阶多项式基函数来达到较高的相位精度.有限元法的相位精度优于有限差分法,但需要更多的计算量.对于倾斜界面,当单位波长内含有14个网格点时,界面倾角的变化对旋转交错网格有限差分法的振幅精度及相位精度没有影响,且其精度与任意高阶间断有限元法的精度相接近. 相似文献
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间断有限元（Discontinuous Galerkin：DG）方法具有低数值频散、网格剖分灵活、能模拟地震波在复杂介质中传播等优点.因此，本文将一种新的DG方法推广到双相和黏弹性等复杂介质的地震波场模拟，发展了求解Biot弹性波方程和D'Alembert介质波动方程的DG方法.首先通过引入辅助变量将Biot双相介质弹性波方程和D'Alembert介质波动方程转化为关于时间-空间的一阶偏微分方程组，然后对该方程组进行DG空间离散，得到半离散化的常微分方程组.最后，对此常微分方程组，应用加权的Runge-Kutta格式进行时间推进计算.数值结果表明，DG方法可以有效地求解Biot双相介质弹性波方程和D'Alembert介质波动方程，并能很好地压制因离散求解波动方程而产生的数值频散，获得清晰的各种地震波震相. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
TTI(Tilted Transversely Isotropic)各向异性是对地下岩石中广泛存在的规则发育的裂缝和层理的一种有效的弹性近似,基于TTI介质的地震波数值模拟技术是分析地震波在复杂各向异性介质中的传播机理的有效工具.同时,高精度的数值模拟算法也能为后续的逆时偏移技术提供重要的技术支撑.由于TTI介质中地震波方程的弹性参数众多且变化复杂,常规有限差分技术在解决TTI介质正演模拟问题时往往会产生严重的数值频散现象,降低了数值模拟精度.通量校正传输(FluxCorrected Transport,FCT)技术能够有效地压制由空间离散产生的数值频散.本文将FCT技术用于TTI介质中弹性波方程的交错网格高阶精度差分正演,在数值模拟过程中通过对波场进行漫射和反漫射校正实现了空间网格频散的压制.模型模拟结果表明,与常规有限差分算法相比,本文算法能够有效的压制大网格条件下的数值频散,提高模拟精度. 相似文献
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间断伽辽金法可用于存在复杂边界条件的模型,同时具有高阶精度和易于并行计算的优点,因此近年来在地震波传播模拟研究中得到了快速发展.数值通量是间断伽辽金法的关键组成部分之一.相比于其他通量,基于Rankine-Hugoniot跳跃条件的通量(RH-condition通量)在固体和液体介质边界具有更宽的稳定性,可以使用更大的时间步长,尤其是液体和固体之间的波阻抗差异较大时.它已被用于基于四边形网格和速度-应变方程的间断伽辽金地震波固液介质模拟.本文为了模拟陆地自然水体等存在复杂固-液界面形状的地震波传播,并在未来与其他数值方法耦合,发展了基于三角形网格的RH-condition通量间断伽辽金方法,使用一阶速度-压力声波和一阶速度-应力弹性波方程模拟复杂固-液介质中地震波的传播.通过水平层状和sin型起伏固-液模型,验证了该方法模拟结果的准确性.通过数值模拟展示了所提出的间断伽辽金法在不同网格大小和阶数下的准确性和效率.最后通过一个复杂模型的例子表明存在复杂固-液界面时该方法可以准确施加固-液边界条件. 相似文献
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基于应力、速度混合变量弹性波方程及任意四边形网格差分算子,给出了交错计算应力及速度的非规则网格弹性波应力一速度差分法该方法融合了有限元法能适应复杂形状边界及差分法无需计算刚度阵的特点,具有较高的计算精度,所需计算机存储空间较少,计算效率也很高．基于积分平衡方程引入了任意形状自由表面的边界条件,且通过局部滤波改善了自由表面边界条件的稳定性,使得该方法可应用于考虑地表形状影响的地震波数值模拟 相似文献
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间断的Galerkin方法在地震波场数值模拟中的应用概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过数值求解描述地震波传播的微分方程来模拟波的传播角度而言,在日趋繁荣的地震波场数值模拟方法的探索中,间断的Galerkin方法(Discontinuous Galerkin,DG)是继有限差分法、伪谱法、有限元法以及谱元法之后出现的另一种有效的数值模拟方法,该方法从2005年以来在地震波场模拟中得到了迅速发展,给这一学科注入了新的活力.但是从国内的发展来看,在地震波场数值模拟方面还没有得到足够的关注.尤其是现有的综述性文献都忽略了这一方法得到的有益的成果,本文将重点介绍间断的Galerkin方法的发展及其在地震波场数值模拟的最新应用研究. 相似文献
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THE APPLICATION OF PML BOUNDARY CODITIONS IN THE SIMULATION OF SEISMIC WAVE BY THE HIGH-ORDER STAGGERED-GRID FINITE DIFFERENCES AT THE TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MEDIA 
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下载免费PDF全文 In the realm of the numerical simulation, finite difference method and finite element method are more intuitive and effective than other simulation methods. In the process of simulating seismic wave propagation, the finite differences method is widely used because of its high computational efficiency and the advantage of the algorithm is more efficient. With the demand of precision, more and more researchers have proposed more effective methods of finite differences, such as the high-order staggered-grid finite differences method, which can restore the actual process of wave propagation on the premise of ensuring accuracy and improving the efficiency of operation. In the past numerical simulation of seismic wave field, different models of isotropic medium are mostly used, but it is difficult to reflect the true layer situation. With the research demand of natural seismology and seismic exploration, the research on anisotropic media is more and more extensive. Transversely isotropic(TI)media can well simulate the seismic wave propagation in the formation medium, such as gas-bearing sandstone, mudstone, shale et al., the character of TI media is reflected by introducing the Thomsen parameters to reflect its weak anisotropy of vertical direction by using Thomson parameter. Therefore, studying the process of seismic wave propagation in TI media can restore the true information of the formation to the greatest extent, and provide a more reliable simulation basis for the numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation. In the geodynamic simulation and the numerical simulation of the seismic wave field, under the limited influence of the calculation area, if no boundary conditions are added, a strong artificial boundary reflection will be generated, which greatly reduces the validity of the simulation. In order to minimize the influence of model boundaries on the reflection of seismic waves, it is often necessary to introduce absorbing boundary conditions. At present, there are three types of absorption boundary conditions: one-way wave absorption boundary, attenuation absorption boundary, and perfectly matched layer(PML)absorption boundary. In terms of numerical simulation of seismic waves, the boundary absorption effect of PML is stronger than the first two, which is currently the most commonly used method, and it also represents the cutting-edge development direction of absorption boundary technology. The perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary is effectively applied to eliminating the reflective waves from model boundaries, but for transversely isotropic medium, the effect of the absorbing is not very well. For this reason, the elastic dynamic wave equations in transversely isotropic media are derived, and we describe a second-order accurate time, tenth-order accurate space, formulation of the Madariaga-Virieux staggered-grid finite difference methods with the perfectly matched layer(PML)are given. In addition, we have established vertical transversely isotropic(VTI)media and arbitrary inclined tilted transversely isotropic(TTI)media models, using a uniform half-space velocity model and a two-layer velocity model, respectively. By combining the actual geoscience background, we set the corresponding parameters and simulation conditions in order to make our model more research-oriented. When setting model parameters, different PML thickness, incident angle, source frequency and velocity layer models were transformed to verify the inhibition of boundary reflection effect by PML absorption boundary layer. The implementations of this simulation show that the formula is correct and for the transversely isotropic(TI)media of any angular symmetry axis, when the thickness of the PML layer reaches a certain value, the seismic wave reflection effect generated by the artificial boundary can be well suppressed, and the absorption effect of PML is not subject to changes in incident angle and wave frequency. Therefore, the results of our study indicate that our research method can be used to simulate the propagation process of seismic waves in the transversely isotropic(TI)media without being affected by the reflected waves at the model boundary to restore the actual formation information and more valuable geological research. 相似文献
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基于双相各向异性介质模型,首先推导了双相各向异性介质中弹性波传播的动力学方程及其Galerkin变分方程和有限元运动方程,然后给出了孔隙弹性波方程的有限元数值解法以及二维双相PTL介质中波场模拟的人为吸收边界条件. 最后,利用本文给出的有限元方法对双相PTL介质和双相各向同性介质中的弹性波传播进行了数值模拟. 结果表明:有限元方法和吸收边界条件有效、可行,在理想相界条件下,不论是从固体位移,还是从流体位移的波场快照都能看到明显的慢速拟P波;在黏滞相界情况下,能否观察到慢速拟P波,与含流体地层介质的耗散性质有关.对实际含流体介质,从流体位移分量的波场快照比从固体位移波场快照更容易观察到慢速拟P波. 相似文献
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应用高精度人工边界条件可有效提升近场波动数值模拟计算效率.完美匹配层是吸收层形式高精度人工边界条件,匹配层内场方程和界面条件通常分别采用复坐标延伸技术变换强形式无限域内波动方程和界面条件得到,亦曾将无限域界面条件当作匹配层界面条件.场方程和界面条件构建过程相互独立,可能出现匹配不合理而引发数值失稳、计算精度低下等问题.本文提出采用复坐标延伸技术变换弱形式无限域波动方程以构建完美匹配层的方法.弱形式波动方程耦合了波动方程及界面条件,进而规避了变换后所得场方程与界面条件之间的匹配不合理问题.新方法可直接建立弱形式匹配层,在此基础上亦可给出强形式匹配层.弱形式便于有限元离散,强形式便于有限差分离散.基于弱形式完美匹配层,结合勒让德谱元建立了弹性介质近场波动谱元模拟方案.利用算例验证了新方案的精度及数值稳定性.本文工作可直接推广至多相耦合介质近场波动数值模拟. 相似文献
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模拟弹性波在孔隙介质中传播，需要稳定有效的吸收边界来消除或尽可能的减小由人工边界引起的虚假反射. 本文在前人工作基础上，首次建立了弹性孔隙介质情况下完全匹配层吸收边界的高阶速度-应力交错网格有限差分算法，并详细讨论了完全匹配层的构建及其有限差分算法实现. 首先，本文通过均匀孔隙模型的数值解与解析解的对比，验证所提出的数值方法的正确性；然后，本文考察了完全匹配层对不同入射角度入射波和自由表面上的瑞利波的吸收性能，将完全匹配层与廖氏和阻尼吸收边界进行了对比，研究了这三种吸收边界在不同吸收厚度情况下对弹性波吸收能力. 数值结果表明，在孔隙介质中，完全匹配层作为吸收边界能十分有效地吸收衰减外行波，无论对体波还是面波，是一种高效边界吸收算法. 相似文献
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The theory of perfectly matched layer (PML) artificial boundary condition (ABC), which is characterized by absorption any wave motions with arbitrary frequency and arbitrarily incident angle, is introduced. The construc- tion process of PML boundary based on elastodynamic partial differential equation (PDE) system is developed. Combining with velocity-stress hybrid finite element formulation, the applicability of PML boundary is investi- gated and the numerical reflection of PML boundary is estimated. The reflectivity of PML and multi-transmitting formula (MTF) boundary is then compared based on body wave and surface wave simulations. The results show that although PML boundary yields some reflection, its absorption performance is superior to MTF boundary in the numerical simulations of near-fault wave propagation, especially in corner and large angle grazing incidence situations. The PML boundary does not arise any unstable phenomenon and the stability of PML boundary is better than MTF boundary in hybrid finite element method. For a specified problem and analysis tolerance, the computa- tional efficiency of PML boundary is only a little lower than MTF boundary. 相似文献
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在地震波传播数值模拟的过程中,需要使用吸收边界条件从而达到衰减人为边界 反射的目的. 本文基于傍轴近似法提出了计算三维弹性波方程的吸收边界条件公式,表示了 各边界面、边棱和角点处波场所满足的单程波方程,并在三维弹性波数值模拟中进行了应用 . 理论模型及三维盐丘地质模型波场切片快照试算结果表明,该吸收边界条件可以有效地吸 收人为边界反射,适用于较大入射角情况,从而消除了边界有效波信息的干扰. 由于采用四 阶近似方程,在保证计算精度的前提下,该方法具有节省计算工作量和易于实现的特点. 相似文献
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Numerical simulation in coupled elastic and poroelastic media is important in oil and gas exploration. However, the interface between elastic and poroelastic media is a challenge to handle. In order to deal with the coupled model, the first-order velocity–stress wave equations are used to unify the elastic and poroelastic wave equations. In addition, an arbitrary high-order discontinuous Galerkin method is used to simulate the wave propagation in coupled elastic–poroelastic media, which achieves same order accuracy in time and space domain simultaneously. The interfaces between the two media are explicitly tackled by the Godunov numerical flux. The proposed forms of numerical flux can be used efficiently and conveniently to simulate the wave propagation at the interfaces of the coupled model and handle the absorbing boundary conditions properly. Numerical results on coupled elastic–poroelastic media with straight and curved interfaces are compared with those from a software that is based on finite element method and the interfaces are handled by boundary conditions, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed scheme in dealing with coupled elastic–poroelastic media. In addition, the proposed method is used to simulate a more complex coupled model. The numerical results show that the proposed method is feasible to simulate the wave propagation in such a media and is easy to implement. 相似文献
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近年来,随着地震波数值模拟对计算精度和效率的要求越来越高,间断有限元方法开始受到越来越多的关注.本文中,针对具有吸收边界条件的二维地震声波波动方程,作者提出了一种基于局部间断有限元方法的数值模拟算法.该算法在空间上使用局部间断有限元方法进行离散,在时间上采用了显式蛙跳格式.在这种时空离散的组合方式下,每个时间步上,此算法在空间剖分的每个单元上的求解计算是相互独立的,因而具有极高的并行性.通过数值算例,我们将该算法与连续有限元方法进行了比较.结果表明,本算法不仅具有对起伏构造的良好适应性,而且在计算效率和计算精度等方面,都具有优越性. 相似文献
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介绍了完美匹配层(PML)人工边界可以吸收不同频率和任意角度入射波的原理以及PML人工边界的构造方法. 在此基础上，将PML人工边界应用于地震波动数值模拟的速度应力混合有限元格式中，探讨了PML应用的可行性，并通过数值试验研究了PML人工边界的反射率，比较了PML人工边界与多次透射公式(MTF)人工边界应用于体波和面波模拟中数值反射的差异，对两种边界的透射效果进行了分析. 结果表明， 尽管数值离散后PML人工边界不再保持完美匹配特性，但PML人工边界在近场波动数值模拟中可获得比MTF人工边界更为理想的吸收效果，在角点透射、大角度掠射情形下尤为明显；PML人工边界在混合有限元格式的数值算法中，未见失稳等不良反应，比MTF人工边界有更好的稳定性；在合理选择参数的情况下，PML人工边界的运算量可接受. 相似文献
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Xin Liu Yang Liu Zhi-Ming Ren Xiao-Hui Cai Bei Li Shi-Gang Xu Le-Kai Zhou 《应用地球物理》2017,14(2):270-278
Edge reflections are inevitable in numerical modeling of seismic wavefields, and they are usually attenuated by absorbing boundary conditions. However, the commonly used perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition requires special treatment for the absorbing zone, and in three-dimensional (3D) modeling, it has to split each variable into three corresponding variables, which increases the computing time and memory storage. In contrast, the hybrid absorbing boundary condition (HABC) has the advantages such as ease of implementation, less computation time, and near-perfect absorption; it is thus able to enhance the computational efficiency of 3D elastic wave modeling. In this study, a HABC is developed from two-dimensional (2D) modeling into 3D modeling based on the 1st Higdon one way wave equations, and a HABC is proposed that is suitable for a 3D elastic wave numerical simulation. Numerical simulation results for a homogenous model and a complex model indicate that the proposed HABC method is more effective and has better absorption than the traditional PML method. 相似文献