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1.
湖库淡水水域对温室气体排放的贡献不容小觑,然而观测时间的代表性不足以及缺乏对降雨因素的考虑制约了碳排放的准确估计.本研究以湖北宜昌境内官庄水库为例,选取强降雨多发的夏季时段,针对水气界面温室气体通量、水体表层和垂向剖面气体溶存浓度及环境因子开展了为期1周的原位高频观测,以探讨夏季降雨事件对水库温室气体通量变化的影响.结果表明,观测期内官庄水库水气界面CH4通量变化范围为0.007~0.077 mg/（m2·h）,CO2通量范围为5.48~57.57 mg/（m2·h）,白天和夜晚均表现为大气的碳源.小雨、中雨乃至暴雨天气条件下,CH4和CO2日均通量均较低,日通量倾向于受风速和温度调控.CH4和CO2通量变化趋势较为一致,观测期内日间排放量高于夜间排放量出现的次数更多,昼夜差异对降雨天气状况无明显响应,风速是CH4和CO2通量昼夜变化的主导因素.暴雨过程中,CH4-k600和CO2-k600与水气温差存在显著正相关,但水体垂向混合过程十分短暂.在平均雨强为3.8 mm/h的暴雨第I阶段,CH4-k600对风速和降雨的响应明显,而在雨强更大（8.5 mm/h）的第II阶段,CH4-k600与风速、降雨均未表现出相关性,通量箱在强降雨条件下的适用性可能存在雨强阈值. 相似文献
2.
三峡水库澎溪河消落区土-气界面CO2和CH4通量初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水库近岸湿地(消落区)温室气体(CO2、CH4)产汇是水库温室气体效应问题的重要组成部分.本文以三峡水库支流澎溪河的白家溪、养鹿两处大面积消落区为研究对象,于2010年6 9月水库低水位运行期间,对近岸消落区土-气界面CO2、CH4通量进行监测.白家溪消落区土-气界面CO2通量均值为12.38±2.42 mmol/(m2·h);CH4通量均值为0.0112±0.0064 mmol/(m2·h).养鹿消落区CO2、CH4通量均值分别为10.54±5.17、0.14±0.16 mmol/(m2·h).总体上,6 9月土-气界面CO2通量呈增加趋势,而CH4通量水平呈现显著的递减趋势.消落区土地出露后植被恢复,在一定程度上促进了土壤有机质含量的增加,使得6 9月CO2释放通量的总体趋势有所增加.消落区退耕后,其甲烷氧化菌的活性得到恢复,加之在土地出露曝晒过程中土壤透气性增强,使得消落区土壤对大气中CH4吸收氧化潜势增强.尽管如此,仍需进一步的研究以明晰消落区土-气界面CO2、CH4产汇的主要影响因素. 相似文献
3.
在巢湖西北半湖近岸带设置大型围隔研究秋季连续打捞蓝藻对湖泊温室气体通量的影响，应用YL-1000型大型仿生式水面蓝藻清除设备进行原位打捞蓝藻，通过便携式温室气体分析仪-静态箱法对大型围隔内水-气界面CH4、CO2通量特征及其影响因素进行观测.结果表明：对比未打捞区，蓝藻连续打捞下打捞区水体中叶绿素a（Chl.a）、悬浮物（SS）浓度不断下降，两者削减率分别为72%、85%，Chl.a、SS浓度分别下降到29.6±2.5 μg/L、12.5±1.2 mg/L，打捞对围隔内颗粒态物质去除效果十分明显；打捞过程中水体溶解性有机物（DOM）中微生物代谢类腐殖质（C1）、类蛋白（C3）显著下降趋势，打捞区C1、C3组分（0.18±0.02、0.06±0.01 RU）强度明显低于未打捞区（0.26±0.05、0.12±0.03 RU），打捞能有效控制藻源性溶解性有机质释放.同时，打捞区水-气界面CH4通量呈显著下降趋势，未打捞区CH4通量平均值（17.473±1.514 nmol/（m2·s））为打捞区（7.004±4.163 nmol/（m2·s））近2倍，CH4通量与Chl.a、C1、C3组分均呈显著正相关，水体中藻源性溶解态有机质对CH4通量具有促进作用；打捞区CO2释放通量呈显著上升趋势，打捞区CO2吸收通量（-0.200±0.069 μmol/（m2·s））明显低于未打捞区（-0.344±0.017 μmol/（m2·s）），CO2通量与Chl.a、温度均呈显著负相关.秋季打捞对CH4、CO2综合日平均通量减排量值为0.275±0.076 mol/（m2·d）（以CO2当量计）.研究结果揭示了巢湖秋季连续打捞蓝藻过程对水-气界面温室气体具有显著减排作用，且能在一定程度上减缓蓝藻水华与湖泊富营养化、气候变暖之间的恶性循环，为湖泊碳循环和蓝藻水华灾害防控提供科学数据支撑和理论参考. 相似文献
4.
三峡水库澎溪河水-气界面CO2、CH4扩散通量昼夜动态初探 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
三峡水库温室气体效应近年来备受关注.为揭示三峡水库典型支流澎溪河水-气界面CO2和CH4通量的昼夜动态规律,明晰短时间尺度下该水域温室气体释放的影响因素,在2010年6月至2011年5月的一个完整水文周年内,选择4个具有代表性的时段(2010年8、11月和2011年2、5月)对澎溪河高阳平湖水域开展昼夜跟踪观测.结果表明:2010年8、11月和2011年2、5月4次采样的CO2日总通量值分别为-8.34、73.94、28.13和-20.12 mmol/(m2·d),相应的CH4日总通量值分别为2.22、0.11、0.32和7.16 mmol/(m2·d),不同时期昼夜变化明显.研究水域CO2和CH4通量过程不具同步性:CO2昼夜通量变化可能更显著地受到水柱光合/呼吸过程的影响,但瞬时气象过程(水汽温差、瞬时风速等)在高水位时期亦可对CO2通量产生显著影响;CH4昼夜通量变化与水温条件改变更为密切. 相似文献
5.
城市湖泊不同水生植被区水体温室气体溶存浓度及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解城市湖泊不同水生植被区水体温室气体的溶存浓度及其影响因素，于2015年4-11月按每月2次的频率采用顶空平衡法对聊城市铃铛湖典型植被区——菹草区、莲藕区和睡莲区表层水中CO2、CH4和N2O的溶存浓度进行监测，计算水中温室气体的饱和度和排放通量，并测定水温（T）、pH、溶解氧（DO）、叶绿素a及营养盐浓度等理化指标，以探究水体环境因子对温室气体溶存浓度的影响.结果表明，铃铛湖各植被区水体温室气体均处于过饱和状态，是大气温室气体的"源"；莲藕区CH4浓度、饱和度和排放通量均显著高于菹草区，而各植被区N2O和CO2均无显著性差异；不同植被区湖水中DO、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和硝态氮（NO3--N）浓度具有显著差异，其中DO、TN和NO3--N浓度均表现为菹草区最高，莲藕区最低，而TP浓度则正好相反；各植被区温室气体浓度和水环境参数间的相关分析和多元回归分析的结果表明，水生植物可通过影响水体的理化性质对温室气体的产生和排放产生显著差异影响，在菹草区亚硝态氮（NO2--N）、NO3--N、T和DO是控制水体温室气体浓度的主要因子；睡莲区为TP和pH；莲藕区则为pH、NO2--N和DO. 相似文献
6.
模型估算法是水-气界面甲烷（CH4）通量监测的主要方法.本研究选择6种不同的参数化模型方法估算了2015年6、8和10月两个亚热带河口养殖塘水-气界面CH4传输速率（kx）及其扩散通量，探讨了河口养殖塘kx及CH4扩散通量的变化特征和影响因子.结果表明：研究期间，不同模型估算下的kx及其扩散通量均值在闽江河口养殖塘变化范围分别为1.60±0.75~6.29±1.30 cm/h和9.19±2.67~30.64±6.28 μmol/（m2·h），在九龙江河口养殖塘的变化范围分别为0.89±0.19~6.07±0.61 cm/h和3.18±0.48~21.03±2.13 μmol/（m2·h）；kx及其扩散通量在两个河口区均呈现随时间推移而升高的特征；整个养殖期间，养殖塘水-气界面平均CH4传输速率kx呈现闽江河口略高于九龙江河口（P>0.05），但水-气界面平均CH4扩散通量呈现闽江河口显著高于九龙江河口的特征（P<0.05）；风速、水体溶解CH4浓度和盐度是调控河口区养殖塘水-气界面CH4扩散通量变化的重要因子；不同模型估算出的河口养殖塘水-气界面CH4传输速率kx存在差异，表明模型估算法获得的水-气界面CH4扩散通量存在一定的不确定性. 相似文献
7.
水体甲烷（CH4）主要通过气泡和扩散传输排放到大气，这两种途径在CH4总排放中的相对贡献及环境影响因子目前关注较少.本文以洞庭湖湿地3种生境类型（光滩、苔草、芦苇）为研究对象，通过静态箱法和扩散模型法估算洪水期CH4总排放通量、扩散排放通量和气泡排放通量，并分析其水体环境因子影响.结果表明：苔草地CH4总排放量最高，为6.49±3.12 mg（C）/（m2·h）.在3个生境中，CH4扩散排放占总排放通量的1.34%~3.91%，气泡排放占96.09%~98.66%.扩散排放通量受水体pH、电导率和水温的影响，而CH4的总排放和气泡排放主要受水温的影响.当水温低于11.7℃时，水体CH4以扩散排放为主，但当水温高于11.7℃时，水体CH4主要通过气泡排放.但这一温度阈值是否同样适用于其他类型湿地还需要更多实验验证.本研究对于揭示中低纬度内陆湖泊水体CH4排放过程有重要意义. 相似文献
8.
为探究筑坝后不同水库物理、化学、生物过程对水化学和碳循环的影响,本研究对贵州三岔河流域的平寨水库、普定水库以及猫跳河流域的红枫湖水库进行研究,于2018年3月2019年1月分别在入库河流和库区采集了分层水样和沉降颗粒物,并探究水中主要离子及颗粒物通量的时空变化特征及其控制因素.结果表明,水体主要离子的主要来源受碳酸盐溶解影响,并且离子浓度受光合作用控制.红枫湖水库水体水化学类型为Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4型,普定水库、平寨水库水化学类型均为Ca-HCO3-SO4.夏季藻类光合作用诱导碳酸盐沉淀导致水体表层Ca2+、HCO3-及溶解态Si浓度降低,其降低幅度分别为20.87%~44.25%、33.12%~51.18%、48.55%~96.34%.此外,藻类光合作用也影响C、N、Si等生源要素间的化学计量关系.Mg2+/Ca2+比值在水体垂向剖面上主要受碳酸钙沉淀的控制,而在不同水库之间则主要受流域岩性的控制.根据沉积物捕获器通量计算的平寨水库、普定水库、红枫湖水库夏季颗粒无机碳沉积通量分别为0.74、1.36、0.27 t/（km2·d）,而根据水体Ca2+浓度降低计算的通量分别为0.31~0.64、0.35~0.99、0.09~0.29 t/（km2·d）,根据水体HCO3-浓度降低计算的通量分别为0.30~0.65、0.29~1.26、0.12~0.33 t/（km2·d）.其红枫湖水库无机碳沉降通量的实测值与计算值接近,而平寨、普定水库实际沉降通量高于计算值,这可能是有外源输入导致.因此,利用水化学分层数据能对喀斯特水库中的无机碳沉降通量进行合理估算,并且能够得到较好的估算结果,从而指示碳循环的过程. 相似文献
9.
涡度相关技术的发展, 为准确获取区域尺度的CO2通量分布格局提供了数据基础. 但由于涡度相关技术自身的局限性, 需要利用模型模拟作为获取区域CO2通量的重要手段. 可是CO2通量和其他微气象变量之间的非线性关系给模拟CO2通量的时空动态变化带来了一定的困难.人工神经网络模型为模拟CO2通量与其他微气象变量的非线性关系提供了一种新的手段. 在ChinaFLUX三个不同类型(农田、森林、草地)生态系统中, 基于2003年6~8月的半小时涡度相关观测数据, 采用BP人工神经网络模型, 以能量通量(净辐射、潜热、显热和土壤热通量)以及温度(空气温度、土壤温度)和表层土壤水分作为输入变量, 模拟了CO2通量的动态变化. 结果表明, 人工神经网络模型具有较好的模拟结果, 其R2系数在0.75与0.866之间.RMSE在0.008 ?mol/m2与0.012 ?mol/m2之间, MAE在1.38 ?mol/m2与3.60 ?mol/m2之间, 其中农田和森林生态系统的模拟精度略高于草地生态系统.其次, 通过比较土壤水分要素是否参与模拟的结果表明, 在生长季期间, 不存在土壤水分胁迫的情况下, 土壤水分的参与并不能显著提供模型模拟的精度. 最后, 应用连接权重方法进行了神经网络模型不同输入变量的重要性分析, 指出神经网络模型不完全是一个黑箱模型, 也可以有效地揭示出某些机理性现象.该研究证明, 神经网络模型不仅可以有效地模拟CO2通量, 也可以揭示出一些机理现象, 为通过涡度相关观测与遥感反演技术的集成途径, 利用已获取的区域尺度能量通量数据, 模拟分析区域尺度的CO2通量分布格局提供了一种有效的方法. 相似文献
10.
内陆水域二氧化碳(CO2)排放是全球碳平衡的重要组成部分,全球CO2排放通量估算通常有很大不确定性,一方面源于CO2排放数据观测的时空离散性,另一方面也是缺少水文情景与CO2排放通量关联性的研究.本文观测了2018年洪泽湖不同水文情景表层水体CO2排放通量特征,并探讨其影响因素.结果表明,洪泽湖CO2排放通量为丰水期((106.9±73.4) mmol/(m2·d))>枯水期((18.7±13.6) mmol/(m2·d))>平水期((5.2±15.5) mmol/(m2·d)),且碳通量由丰(310.2~32.0 mmol/(m2·d))、枯(50.8~2.2 mmol/(m2·d))、平(-17.3~39.8 mmol/(m2·d))3种水文情景的交替表现出湖泊碳源到弱碳汇的转变,空间上CO2排放通量总体呈现北部成子湖区低、南部过水湖区高的分布趋势.洪泽湖CO2排放对水文情景响应敏感,特别是上游淮河流域来水量的改变,是主导该湖CO2排放时空分异的重要因子.丰水期湖泊接纳了淮河更多有机和无机碳的输入,外源碳基质的降解和矿化显著促进了水体CO2的生产与排放,同时氮、磷等营养物质的大量输入,加剧了水体营养化程度,进一步提高CO2排放量,间接反映出人类活动对洪泽湖CO2变化的深刻影响.平、枯水期随着上游淮河来水量的减少,驱动水体CO2排放的因素逐渐由外源输入转变为水体有机质的呼吸降解.此外,上游河口区DOM中陆源类腐殖质的累积与矿化能够促进CO2的排放,而内源有机质组分似乎并没有直接参与CO2的排放过程.研究结果揭示了水文情景交替对湖库CO2排放的重要影响,同时有必要进行高频观测以进一步明晰湖泊的碳通量变化及其控制因素. 相似文献
11.
自成库以来,三峡水库CO2、CH4等温室气体通量较蓄水前发生明显改变。如何科学认识和客观评估三峡水库修建及运行对其CO2、CH4等温室气体通量的影响备受关注。本文简要回顾了自2009年以来在三峡水库开展CO2、CH4等温室气体通量监测与分析工作,综述认为,现阶段三峡水库温室气体排放以水-气界面扩散释放为主要途径。陆源输入的有机碳是主导三峡水库CO2、CH4产生的主要碳源,但在局部区段或时段自源性有机碳的贡献亦十分显著。同蓄水前相比,三峡水库碳排放量呈现为净增加,淹没效应约占水库C净增量的20%,库区内点面源污染负荷并未对CO2排放的净增量产生显著贡献,阻隔效应和生态系统重建效应对三峡水库碳排放的净增量产生显著贡献。近10年来,监测方法比对、监测点位优化等工作在一定程度上完善了三峡水库温室气体通量监测体系。新方法、新技术的引入也为三峡水库温室气体通量监测分析提供了有利支撑和保障,但复杂水文环境... 相似文献
12.
Fábio Roland Luciana O. Vidal Felipe S. Pacheco Nathan O. Barros Arcilan Assireu Jean P. H. B. Ometto André C. P. Cimbleris Jonathan J. Cole 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(3):283-293
Hydroelectric reservoirs generate energy without significant combustion of fossil fuels. However, these systems can, potentially,
emit greenhouse gases (GHG’s) at a rate which may be significant at the global scale, and, possible, co-equal, per kilowatt-hour,
to that from conventional coal or oil-fired systems. Although much of the new construction of hydroelectric reservoirs is
in the tropics, most of the data on GHG emissions comes from temperate regions. Further, much of the existing data on reservoir
gas emissions comes from single sites, usually near the terminal dams. Large tropical reservoirs often involve the impoundments
of river systems with complex morphology which in turn can cause spatial heterogeneity in gas flux. We evaluated spatial and
seasonal variability in CO2 concentrations and gas flux for five large (50–1,400 km2) reservoirs in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Most of data set (87% of all measurements) showed CO2 supersaturation and net efflux to the atmosphere. There was as much or more variation in pCO2 over space and among seasons. The large studied reservoirs showed different zones in terms of CO2 emission because those fluxes are dependent on flooded biomass, watershed input of organic matter and dam operation regime.
Here we demonstrate that the reservoirs in the Brazilian Cerrado have low rates of CO2 emissions compared to existing global comparisons. Our results suggest that ignoring the spatial variability can lead to
more than 25% error in total system gas flux. 相似文献
13.
Günter Gunkel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(9):726-734
Reservoirs are man‐made lakes that severely impact on river ecosystems, and in addition, the new lake ecosystem can be damaged by several processes. Thus, the benefits of a reservoir, including energy production and flood control, must be measured against their impact on nature. New investigations point out that shallow and tropical reservoirs have high emission rates of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4. The methane emissions contribute strongly to climate change because CH4 has a 25 times higher global warming potential than CO2. The pathways for its production include ebullition, diffuse emission via the water‐air interface, and degassing in turbines and downstream of the reservoir in the spillway and the initial river stretch. Greenhouse gas emissions are promoted by a eutrophic state of the reservoir, and, with higher trophic levels, anaerobic conditions occur with the emission of CH4. This means that a qualitative and quantitative jump in greenhouse gas emissions takes place. Available data from Petit Saut, French Guinea, provides a first quantification of these pathways. A simple evaluation of the global warming potential of a reservoir can be undertaken using the energy density, the ratio of the reservoir surface and the hydropower capacity; this parameter is mainly determined by the reservoir's morphometry but not by the hydropower capacity. Energy densities of some reservoirs are given and it is clearly seen that some reservoirs have a global warming potential higher than that of coal use for energy production. 相似文献
14.
The identification and accurate quantification of sources or sinks of greenhouse gas (GHG) have become a key challenge for scientists and policymakers working on climate change. The creation of a hydropower reservoir, while damming a river for power generation, converts the terrestrial ecosystems into aquatic and subsequently aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of flooded terrestrial soil organic matter resulting in the emission of significant quantity of GHG to the atmosphere. Tropical/subtropical hydropower reservoirs are more significant sources of GHG compared to boreal or temperate one. This paper aims to estimate the emission factor (gCO2eq./kWh) and net GHG emission from Koteshwar hydropower reservoir in Uttarakhand, India. Further, estimated GHG are compared with those from global reservoirs located in the same eco-region so that its impact could be timely minimized/mitigated. Results have shown that emission factor and net GHG emission of Koteshwar reservoir are, respectively, estimated as 13.87 gCO2eq./kWh and 167.70 Gg C year?1 which are less than other global reservoirs located in the same eco-region. This information could be helpful for the hydropower industries to construct reservoirs in tropical eco-regions. 相似文献
15.
T. Diem S. Koch S. Schwarzenbach B. Wehrli C. J. Schubert 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(3):619-635
We investigated greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from reservoirs located across an altitude gradient in Switzerland. These are the first results of greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs at high elevations in the Alps. Depth profiles were taken in 11 reservoirs located at different altitudes between the years 2003 and 2006. Diffusive trace gas emissions were calculated using surface gas concentrations, wind speeds and transfer velocities. Additionally, methane entering with the inflowing water and methane loss at the turbine was assessed for a subset of the reservoirs. All reservoirs were emitters of carbon dioxide and methane with an average of 970?±?340?mg?m?2?day?1 (results only from four lowland and one subalpine reservoir) and 0.20?±?0.15?mg?m?2?day?1, respectively. One reservoir (Lake Wohlen) emitted methane at a much higher rate (1.8?±?0.9?mg?m?2?day?1) than the other investigated reservoirs. There was no significant difference in methane emissions across the altitude gradient, but average dissolved methane concentrations decreased with increasing elevation. Only lowland reservoirs were sources for N2O (72?±?22???g?m?2?day?1), while the subalpine and alpine reservoirs were in equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations. These results indicate reservoirs from subalpine/alpine regions to be only minor contributors of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere compared to other reservoirs. 相似文献
16.
Hua Zheng Xiaojie Zhao Tongqian Zhao Falin Chen Weihua Xu Xiaonan Duan Xiaoke Wang Zhiyun Ouyang 《水文研究》2011,25(9):1391-1396
Methane emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs can comprise a considerable portion of anthropogenic methane. However, lack of data on CH4 emissions in different geographical regions and high spatial‐temporal variability in the emission rates of reservoirs has led to uncertainties regarding regional emission estimates of CH4. In the subtropical plateau climate region, we used the Ertan hydroelectric reservoir as a study area. The CH4 flux at the air‐water interface was assessed by floating chambers and factors influencing emissions, including the distance from the dam, water depth, seasonal variation in wet and dry season, air‐water temperature gradient and wind speed, and was also studied through a year‐long systematic sampling and monitoring experiment. The results showed that the surface of the reservoir was a source of CH4 during the sampling period and the annual average CH4 flux was 2·80 ± 1·52 mg m?2 d?1. CH4 flux (and its variation) was higher in the shallow water areas than in the deep‐water areas. CH4 flux near the dam was significantly higher than that of other locations farther from the dam in the dry season. The seasonal variations of CH4 emission in wet and dry seasons were minor and significant diurnal variations were observed in wet and dry seasons. Exponential relationships between the CH4 flux and air‐water temperature gradient were found. Air‐water temperature gradient was an important factor influencing diurnal variations of CH4 flux in the Ertan hydroelectric reservoir. These results indicate that systematic sampling is needed to better estimate CH4 flux through coverage of the spatial variation of different water depths, measuring‐point distance from the dam, seasonal variation in wet and dry seasons and changes in climate factors (such as air‐water temperature gradient). Our results also provide a fundamental parameter for CH4 emission estimation of global reservoirs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
当水流通过泄洪建筑物下泄时,水体中所溶解的温室气体(二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)等)会因为所受压力的瞬间改变而导致溶解度降低,从而造成气液之间传质的发生及水中温室气体的排放.然而,目前对于泄流条件下水中温室气体排放的研究还较为缺乏.鉴于原型观测与模型试验的局限性,本文建立了大坝泄流条件下温室气体排放速率的数学模型,模型基于VOF(volume of fluid)气液两相流模型,考虑了温室气体在过坝下泄过程中发生的气泡传质和自由液面传质.本文以温室气体CO2和CH4为研究对象,分别通过模拟溶解态CO2和CH4在过流坝面和空中挑射过程中及在坝下消力池或水垫塘内的输移扩散,计算得到CO2和CH4在水中的浓度分布及在不同上游来流的温室气体浓度工况下的坝下温室气体排放速率.模拟结果表明,坝下温室气体在水中的浓度分布主要受到上游来流浓度大小、气液传质的发生及溶解气体输移扩散的影响.其中,上游来流的温室气体浓度大小为影响坝下温室气体排放速率的主要因素.本研究为明确不同泄洪方式下的温室气体排放速率的大小和科学评估水电碳足迹提供了新的研究思路和技术基础. 相似文献
18.
水库作为温室气体的重要来源,对区域气候变化有不可忽略的影响。然而,目前对水库溶存温室气体的空间异质性及垂向特征的认知仍然欠缺。为了揭示水库分层期和混合期溶存温室气体空间特征及排放通量,也为厘清水库温室气体产生和排放的关键过程提供重要支撑。研究选择东北地区大型水库——汤河水库为对象,于2021年7—9月和10月(分别代表水库分层期和混合期)对水库不同位置(坝前、库中和库尾)开展溶存温室气体垂向分层监测。研究结果显示,水库CH4排放通量变化范围为0.018～0.174 mmol/(m2·d),是大气CH4的源,空间分布为库尾>库中>坝前;CO2通量为-4.91～58.77 mmol/(m2·d),除分层期东支库尾,其余点位均表现为大气CO2的源,空间分布为坝前>库中>库尾。时间上,分层期CH4排放通量(0.071±0.044 mmol/(m2·d))高于混合期((0.027±0.008) mm... 相似文献
19.
The dissolved CO2 concentration of stream waters is an important component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. This study reconstructs long‐term records of dissolved CO2 concentration for the outlets of two large catchments (818 and 586 km2) in northern England. The study shows that:
- 1. The flux of dissolved CO2 from the catchments (as carbon per catchment area), when adjusted for that which would be carried by the river water at equilibrium with the atmosphere, is between 0 and 0·39 t km−2 year−1 for the River Tees and between 0 and 0·65 t km−2 year−1 for the River Coquet.
- 2. The flux of dissolved CO2 is closely correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export and is unrelated to dissolved CO2 export from the headwaters of the study catchments.
- 3. The evasion rate of CO2 from the rivers (as carbon per stream area) is between 0·0 and 1·49 kg m−2 year−1, and calculated in‐stream productions of CO2 are estimated as between 0·5 and 2·5% of the stream evasion rate.
- 4. By mass balance, it is estimated that 8% of the annual flux of DOC is lost within the streams of the catchment.