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1.
Crustal structure beneath the Songpan—Garze orogenic belt   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The Benzilan-Tangke deepseismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in the record sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper.The velocity structure has quite strong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5layers,where the first,second and third layer belong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocity basement in the area to the north of Ma‘erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4parts:in the south of Garze-litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xianshuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault and Longriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division.The crustal thickness decreases from southwest to northeast along the profile,that is ,from62km in the region of the Jinshajiang River to 52km in the region of the Yellow River.The Moho discontinuity does not obviously change across the Xianshuihe fault basesd on the PmP phase analysis.The crustal average velocity along the profile is lower,about 6.30 km/s.The Benzilan-Tangke profile reveals that the crust in the study area is orogenic.The Xianshuihe fault belt is located in the central part of the profile,and the velocity is positive anomaly on the upper crust,and negative anomaly on the lower crust and upper mantle.It is considered as a deep tectonhic setting in favor of strong earthquake‘s accumulation and occurrence.  相似文献   

2.
Receiver function of body wave under the 23 stations in Yunnan was extracted from 3-component broadband digital recording of teleseismic event. Thus, the S-wave velocity structure and distribution characteristics of Poisson's ratio in crust of Yunnan are obtained by inversion. The results show that the crustal thickness is gradually thinned from north to south. The crustal thickness in Zhongdian of northwest reaches as many as 62.0 km and the one in Jinghong of further south end is only 30.2 km. What should be especially noted is that there exists a Moho upheaval running in NS in the Chuxiong region and a Moho concave is generally parallel to it in Dongchuan. In addition, there exists an obvious transversal inhomogeneity for the S-wave velocity structure in upper mantle and crust in the Yunnan region. The low velocity layer exists not only in 10.0-15.0 km in upper crust in some regions, but also in 30.0-40.0 km in lower crust. Generally, the Poisson's ratio is on the high side, however it has a better co  相似文献   

3.
Based on the teleseismic waveform data recorded by 82 permanent broadband stations in Guangdong Province and its adjacent areas including Fujian,Jiangxi,Hunan,Guangxi,Hainan and Taiwan,we calculate body wave receiver functions under all stations,and obtain the crustal thickness and average Poissons ratio beneath all stations by the H-κstacking-search method of receiver function. The results show that the crustal thickness with an average thickness of 29. 5km in Guangdong Province and its adjacent areas ranges between 26. 8km and 33. 6km and gradually thins from northwest to southeast. The crustal thickness in the Zhujiang Delta, western Guangdong, Nanning and Nanao areas is relatively thinner and ranges between 25. 0km and 28. 0km. The minimum crustal thickness is about 26 km beneath Wengtian, Hainan and the Zhanjiang zone and Shangchuan Island in Guangdong. The crustal thickness in the zones of Mingxi,Fujian and Yongzhou, Hunan is thicker and varies between 31. 0km and 34. 0km. The distribution of Poissons ratio in our study region ranges between 0. 20 and 0. 29. Poissons ratios in Southeast Hainan,the coastal areas of East Guangdong and West Fujian and the South Jiangxi have distinctly higher values than in others. It suggests that the various geothermal fields located in these areas have high heat flow values. The distribution of crustal thickness and Poissons ratio has an obvious block feature and may be related to the distribution of faults and historical earthquakes.  相似文献   

4.
Two near-vertical deep seismic reflection profiles (140km-long, 24-fold) were completed in the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake (M8.0) region. The profiles ran through the Xiadian fault and the Ershilichangshan fault. The profiling result shows that the crust in this region is divided into the upper crust, the lower crust and the crust-mantle transitional zone by two powerful laminated reflectors: one at the two-way travel-time of about 7.0s (21 km), the other at about11.0～12.5s (33～37km). Crustal structure varies significantly in vertical direction. The shallow part is characterized by obvious stratification, multilayers and complexity. The upper crust on the whole features reflection “transparency“, while the lower crust features distinct reflectivity. Crustal structure also varies a lot in the lateral direction. The main fracture in this region is the deep fault under the Xiadian fault. This deep fault is steeply inclined (nearly vertical), and is supposed to be the causative fault of the Sanhe-Pinggu MS.0 earthquake. The two profiles respectively reveal the existence of local strong reflectivity in the lower crust and the lower part of the upper crust, which is assumed to be a dike or rock mass formed by the upwelling and cooling down of materials from the upper mantle. Magmatic activity in this part brought about differences in regional stress distribution, which then gave rise to the formation of the deep fault. That is supposed to be the deep structural setting for the Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake.  相似文献   

5.
AbstractThe Benzilan-Tangke deep seismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in therecord sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper. The velocity structure has quitestrong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5 layers,where the first,second and third layerbelong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocitybasement in the area to the north of Ma’erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4 parts:inthe south of Garze-Litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xiashuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault andLongriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division  相似文献   

6.
Using over 3 500 first P arrival times recorded by nine digital seismic stations from Hainan Digital Seismic Net-work during 1999～2005,a 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust under Hainan Island and adjacent regions has been determined. The results show that the pattern of velocity anomalies in the shallower upper crust is somewhat associated with the surface geological tectonics in the region. A relative low-velocity anomaly appears north of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone and a relative high-velocity anomaly appears south of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone,corresponding to the depressed areas in north Hainan Island,where many volcanoes are frequently active and geothermal values are relatively higher,and the uplifted and stable regions in central and south of the Hainan Is-land. In the middle and lower crust velocities are relatively lower in east Hainan than those in west Hainan,possi-bly suggesting the existence of the upwelling of hot materials from the mantle in east Hainan. The pattern of veloc-ity anomalies also indicates that NW faults,i.e.,the Puqian-Qinglan fault,may be shallower,while the E-W Wangwu-Wenjiao fault may be deeper,which perhaps extends down to Moho depth or deeper.  相似文献   

7.
Southwest Yunnan, located in the southern segment of the north-south seismic belt, is one of the regions with strong tectonic movement and seismic activity in China. Study on the characteristics of tectonic setting and deep geophysical field in the region is an important issue in basic science. In 2013, we conducted a 600-km-long Menghai-Gengma-Lushui profile of deep seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction and high-resolution seismic refraction in Southwest Yunnan. In this paper, we use 6 groups of clear intracrustal P-wave phases picked from the seismic record sections of 11 shots to build a velocity structure model of basement and 2D crustal P-wave of the region by using finite difference inversion and ray travel time forward fitting technology. The results show that, from south to north, the crust gradually thickens along the profile and its basement shows a significant lateral heterogeneity. In the vicinity of the Nanting River fault, the basement structure shows the character of alternate depressions and uplifts, and the shallowest basement is about 1.0 km. In the vicinity of Tengchong and Lancang, the basement is about 5.0 km deep. The velocity of the middle and lower crust in the region generally increases with the increasing of depth. At the block boundary and beneath the fault tectonic belt, the velocity contours show apparent irregularity and the P-wave velocity changes sharply. In this region, the Moho gradually deepens from south to north with relatively large lateral undulations. The shallowest point of the Moho is located near Menghai at a depth of about 32.0 km. The deepest point of the Moho is located near Tengchong at a depth of about 40.5 km. Between Gengma and Yongde, the Moho shows significantly fast uplifting and depressing with an amplitude of about 4.0 km. Beneath the Nanting River fault, Longling-Ruili fault, Dayingjiang fault and Tengchong volcano, the basement velocity structure, 2D crustal P-wave velocity structure, distribution of average profile velocity and intracrustal interface spreading also show significant changes from the basement to the top of the Moho, indicating that the crustal velocity and medium physical properties beneath the fault tectonic belt are apparently different from the crustal materials on its both sides, which suggests that these faults should be in a certain scale and may extend to the lower crust or the top of the upper mantle. The earthquakes in the region mainly occurred at a depth of 10–20 km, and the seismic activity is related to the intracrustal medium velocity difference and fault belt distribution. The results can serve as the important data of the crust-mantle structure for the analysis of the deep tectonic setting, earthquake precise positioning, seismogenic structure modeling of the seismic activities in Southwest Yunnan, as well as the important reference for the evaluation of seismic hazard and the planning of earthquake disaster mitigation of this region.  相似文献   

8.
S-wave velocity structure beneath the Ailaoshan-Red River fault was obtained from receiver functions by using teleseismic body wave records of broadband digital seismic stations. The average crustal thickness, Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson’s ratio were also estimated. The results indicate that the interface of crust and mantle beneath the Ailaoshan-Red River fault is not a sharp velocity discontinuity but a characteristic transition zone. The velocity increases relatively fast at the depth of Moho and then increases slowly in the uppermost mantle. The average crustal thickness across the fault is 36―37 km on the southwest side and 40―42 km on the northeast side, indicating that the fault cuts the crust. The relatively high Poisson’s ratio (0.26―0.28) of the crust implies a high content of mafic materials in the lower crust. Moreover, the lower crust with low velocity could be an ideal position for decoupling between the crust and upper mantle.  相似文献   

9.
Using the broadband seismic data of the regional stations in the Sichuan Digital Seismic Network and the mobile seismic stations in this region,the receiver function inversion method was adopted to study the characteristics of crustal flow and dynamic effects in Sichuan and adjacent areas. The results show that: Velocity in the crust and upper mantle of the Sichuan basin is significantly higher than that beneath the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The velocity v_S is from 3. 6 to 3. 8km / s in the crust and4. 5- 4. 8km / s in the upper mantle beneath the basin,and there is no low-velocity layer in the crust. The lithology shows a hard block. The v_S velocity in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is lower,with average v_Sof 3. 0- 3. 4km / s in the mid crust and4. 0- 4. 5km / s in the upper mantle. Low-velocity layers are distributed widely in the crust,most of which are in the mid crust at a depth of 20km- 40 km,and there are also a few low-velocity layers appearing in the upper crust at depths of 10km- 20 km and the lower crust at depths of 40km- 60 km. Affected by the northward pushing of the Indian plate,the eastward movement of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is blocked by the hard Sichuan basin,producing a southward and southeastward component.Such movement process is produced by the complicated forces acting in this area. Just under the action of these forces, the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau becomes a region with complicated geology and intensive earthquake activity. Obstructed by the hard Sichuan basin,the low-velocity crustal flow is delaminated and split into two or three upward and downward tributaries. The upward flow intruded into the upper crust,causing uplift of the earths urface,forming mountain crests; the downward flow intruded into the lower crust and upper mantle,resulting in thickening of the crust and depression of the Moho. The crustal flow in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is mainly distributed along the active faults. The crustal flow flows out from the Qiangtang block in the middle part of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau,the mainstream flows along the NW-SE trending Xianshuihe fault zone,then turns NS and flows to the south along the Anninghe and Xiaojiang faults. There is another crustal flow in the north of the study area,flowing in the NE and E-W directions to the Longmenshan faults.  相似文献   

10.
Based on the digital waveforms of the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,the Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake sequence( M_L≥1. 0) were relocated by HypoDD,The characteristics of the spatial distribution and the seismogenic structure of this earthquake sequence were analyzed. The results show that the main shock is relocated at 44. 2639° N,82. 8294° E,and the initial rupture depth is 17. 6 km. The earthquake sequence clearly demonstrates a unilateral extension of about 20 km in the EW direction,and is mainly located at a depth of 7km-17 km. The depth profile along the aftershock direction shows that the focal depth of aftershocks tend to be shallower within 10 km to the west of the main shock,the focal depth of the aftershock sequence with the tail direction deflecting SW is deeper. The depth profile perpendicular to the earthquake sequence shows a gradual deepening of the seismic sequence from north to south,which indicates that the fault plane is dipping south.According to the focal mechanism solution,given by the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,and the geological structure of the seismic source region,it is inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Jinghe M_S 6.6 earthquake may be the eastern segment of the Kusongmuxieke fault.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Formation of electric current sheets in the corona is thought to play an important role in solar flares, prominences and coronal heating. It is therefore of great interest to identify magnetic field geometries whose evolution leads to variations in B over small length-scales. This paper considers a uniform field B 0[zcirc], line-tied to rigid plates z = ±l, which are then subject to in-plane displacements modeling the effect of photospheric motion. The force-free field equations are formulated in terms of field-line displacements, and when the imposed plate motion is a linear function of position, these reduce to a 4 × 4 system of nonlinear, second-order ordinary differential equations. Simple analytic solutions are derived for the cases of plate rotation and shear, which both tend to form singularities in certain parameter limits. In the case of plate shear there are two solution branches—a simple example of non-uniqueness.  相似文献   

12.
2009年7月9日19时19分,云南姚安发生MS6.0地震。10日17：02、13日00：01又相继发生MS5.2、MS4.7地震。利用近震CAP方法反演震源机制解发现,此次地震震源破裂方式以走滑为主,主震震源机制解2个节面走向分别为203°、295°。已有的考察资料尚未显示活动,故难以确定实际发震面。为此,采用相对质心震中确定破裂方向性的方法,利用主震与参考地震之间的P波到时差和CAP反演输出的波形时移,计算得到姚安地震起始震中与质心震中间的差异,推断震源机制解中走向为295°的节面为实际发震面,并对定位误差、发震时刻不准确以及机制解差异等因素进行了分析,发现这些因素对确定发震断层影响不大。  相似文献   

13.
统计分析了1962~2016年菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块挤压带俯冲带强地震活动与地球自转角加速度变化间的关系。结果显示,研究时段菲律宾海板块西边缘带的25次强地震活动(MS≥7.5)有21次都发生在地球自转角加速度上升期,表明该地区强地震活动与地球自转角加速度之间存在相关性,最后讨论了这种相关性可能的力学机理。  相似文献   

14.
为克服巨大的城市环境干扰,采集高质量的人工地震勘探数据,将大吨位震源车引入到西安地裂缝人工地震勘探中,并在真实城市道路环境下对已知地裂缝进行多项试验,包括抗干扰效果、勘探深度、震源工作参数、垂直叠加次数、不同主频检波器接收、勘探排列长度、最佳反射波接收窗口等,最后将人工地震勘探结果与钻探结果进行验证对比。结果表明,大吨位震源车在实际道路干扰环境下可以得到理想的地震反射剖面,剖面中地裂缝异常明显,推测解释的地裂缝在地面的位置可信。  相似文献   

15.
冯锐 《中国地震》2016,32(4):571-583
地动仪的研究涉及历史和科学的统一。古籍文字的主要部分是对测震现象的描述,研究的学术观点和模型尽可不同,但地震学基本概念和原则是需要遵循和坚持的,方能正确把握和解读史料。针对一些专业认识上的误解,本文以地震学的基本概念和学科发展史实为依据作了必要的澄清和纠正,诸如地动仪的反应方向、对地震和非地震的不同反应、陇西地震的量化分析、地震学的实验检验、在地震科学史上的作用等。还对个别的脱离实际却被媒体高调宣传的模型实验,指出了其原则性失误。地动仪研究的重点并不局限于重建一个模型,更要探寻古人如何发现和利用了自然规律,学习和掌握地震学的基本知识。  相似文献   

16.
陈睿  闫俊岗  郁军建 《中国地震》2016,32(4):618-626
本文利用接收函数反演了河南及邻区26个宽频带地震台站下方的地壳厚度和波速比。研究结表明:河南省地壳厚度及泊松比分布与地质构造密切相关。主要表现为:(1)太行山断块,地壳厚度由东向西逐渐递增,地壳深度范围为31.8~40.2km,区域东北部永年台及附近台站泊松比为0.23~0.25,与较大范围的花岗岩分布有关,主要是石英、长石含量高,焦作台、涉县台、浚县台泊松比为0.26~0.27,表明铁镁质和长英质成分含量相当。(2)东部黄淮海平原块地,地壳厚度为28~34km,其中驻马店台、尖山台和浚县台,地壳厚度分别为30.5km、34.9km和31.8km,该地区泊松比变化范围比较稳定,数值在0.24~0.25之间。(3)在秦岭地块断裂活动强烈,卢氏台下方的地壳厚度为38.4km、泊松比为0.23,反映出燕山运动使该地区地壳盖层产生了褶皱台隆和地幔酸性岩浆的侵入活动。南阳盆地北部地壳厚度反演结果为28.8km,泊松比为0.29,泊松比升高,表明以中性、基性岩石为主,地壳岩石中铁镁质成分明显增加,是由于地幔物质深度侵入改变了部分地区的岩石性质。(4)大别山地块位于苏鲁-大别超高压变质带,由大别山北部的商城台向南至大别山地块内的金寨台存在地壳厚度梯度带,地壳厚度从31.8km增加至35.8km,而泊松比由0.27下降到0.24,反映出陆相褶皱带内的逆冲推覆构造的显著特征。  相似文献   

17.
新安江对千岛湖外源输入总量的贡献分析(2006-2016年)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
运用新安江模型,计算了千岛湖25条主要入湖河流在2006-2016年间的入湖流量,结合同时期入湖河道的逐月水质监测数据,分析了最大入流新安江的营养盐——总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH3-N)和高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)总量输入在该时段内的年际变化和季节变化规律,研究了新安江营养盐输入总量变化与新安江水质水量、黄山市人口、GDP和土地利用的关系,探讨了影响新安江营养盐总量的关键影响因素及其对千岛湖水质的影响.结果表明,研究时段内新安江多年平均年入湖水量占千岛湖多年平均年入湖水量的51.4%,占25条主要河流年总入流量的67.3%,新安江CODMn、TP、TN、NH3-N多年平均的输入总量分别为11458.4、214.9、7649.2和756.5 t/a,分别占千岛湖年总负荷的50.7%、34.3%、63.7%和48.4%.各指标的年入湖总量在统计期间均呈上升趋势,且春、夏两季高于秋、冬两季.相关性分析表明,黄山市GDP与新安江CODMn、TN和TP入湖总量呈显著正相关关系,农业面源污染对新安江TN输入总量有显著影响.作为千岛湖最大的入湖河流,新安江营养盐(TP、TN、NH3-N)的输入能显著影响千岛湖的生态系统健康.  相似文献   

18.

An experimental investigation was made of the upstream influence in front of two‐dimensional obstacles when they were towed in a linearly stratified fluid. The experiments were performed in a plexiglas channel 30.5 feet long, 2 feet high and 14 inches wide filled with a linearly stratified salt solution. Velocity measurements and flow visualization were obtained by neutrally buoyant liquid droplets and dye lines. Density measurements were made by a salinity probe.

The existence of unattenuated upstream influence in front of an obstacle was quantitatively documented for the first time. It occurred in the form of multiple unattenuated horizontal jets when there was a separated open wake behind the obstacle. These jets were identified to be the super‐position of “columnar disturbance modes”. The total number of columnar modes was determined solely by the Froude number of the flow and was equal to the number of lee‐wave modes excited. The drag due to upstream columnar modes was estimated and found to be lower than the drag due to the lee wave modes:  相似文献   

19.
High-speed train seismology has come into being recently. This new kind of seismology uses a high-speed train as a repeatable moving seismic source. Therefore, Green's function for a moving source is needed to make theoretical studies of the high-speed train seismology. Green's function for three-dimensional elastic wave equation with a moving point source on the free surface is derived. It involves a line integral of the Green's function for a fixed point source with different positions and corresponding time delays. We give a rigorous mathematical proof of this Green's function. According to the principle of linear superposition, we have also obtained the Green's function for a group of moving sources which can be regarded as a model of a traveling high-speed train. Based on a temporal convolution, an analytical formula for other moving sources is also given. In terms of a moving Gaussian source, we deal with the issue of numerical calculations of the analytical formula. Applications to modelling of a traveling high-speed train are presented. We have considered both the land case and the bridge case for a traveling high-speed train. The theoretical seismograms show different waveform features for these two cases.  相似文献   

20.
建筑物的抗震设防需要尽可能地掌握未来大地震强震动记录信息,但大地震强震动记录的匮乏阻碍了抗震设防实践的发展。经验格林函数方法作为模拟地震动的主要方法,可以提供可靠的大地震强震动记录,但也存在着许多问题,如缺乏对大地震断层滑动分布不均匀的描述、用经验确定小震数目、模拟方法受到大小地震相似条件的限制等。文中对上述经验格林函数方法存在的问题进行了研究,改进的经验格林函数方法,有效地解决了上述问题。并用其对唐山大地震进行了模拟,并把模拟的地震动时程和反应谱与实际记录相比较,发现用改进方法模拟的地震动加速度反应谱比用未改进方法模拟结果更接近实际的地震动记录加速度反应谱。由此说明改进的经验格林函数可更准确的模拟地震动。  相似文献   

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