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来自板块之间相对运动的构造力可以传递到大陆地壳,从而形成了大陆内部的地震应力场.在某一地区,包括小地震在内的地震活动性的分布可以反映该地区的应力场的变化.根据这一观点,本文根据大量的震源机制解的结果以及最近500年的地震活动资料,详细地研究了东亚地区内几个地区的区域应力场的特征.其结果表明,来自太平洋板块相对欧亚板块的俯冲所形成的构造力,控制了从华北地区到南北地震带北段的应力场.本文根据小震的地震活动变化的特征,讨论了日本一部分地区由地震活动性的变化所反映的区域应力场的变化.中国西部以及印度-澳大利亚和欧亚大陆板块边界地区,最近大约100年地震活动性的同步变化表明,来自印度-澳大利亚板块和欧亚板块碰撞所产生的构造力,传递到了中国西部.印度-澳大利亚板块和欧亚大陆板块边界,以及中国西部的地震活动,现在依然处在地震活动高潮期. 相似文献
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中国大陆位于欧亚板块的东南部, 受到印度板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的碰撞挤压与俯冲作用, 其构造应力场形态和动力学机制相当复杂. 本文采用伪三维有限元方法, 以世界应力图2008年版本数据(WSM2008)的应力方向和应力型两类指标作为主要约束, 对中国大陆及邻区的动力驱动机制进行数值模拟, 给出了中国大陆周边地区板块边界力的大小和方向估计. 同时对3个典型情况的数值模型进行了分析. 结果显示, 软流层静压推力对该区域构造应力场影响相对较小, 板块边界力作用则起主导作用; 印度板块在喜马拉雅造山带对欧亚板块的碰撞控制了中国大陆地区应力场的基本形态, 是形成川滇地区走滑型地震为主的重要原因; 琉球海沟——南海海槽俯冲带边界力显示了挤压-张性的分段特性, 贝加尔裂谷表现为拉张作用. 进一步的分析表明, 中国大陆大部分区域内最大水平剪应力分布图像与该地区地震辐射能量密度的分布存在较好的空间正相关性． 相似文献
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系统研究了1918～2006年间中国大陆及其周缘发生的3115个M4.6以上中、强地震的震源机制解,得到中国大陆地壳区域应力场的压应力轴和张应力轴空间分布的统计结果.探讨了大陆应力场的结构,以及周围板块运动对中国大陆应力场影响作用范围及其界线.结果表明,中国东部的华北地区受到太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲挤压的同时,又受到从贝加尔湖经过大华北直至琉球海沟的广阔范围内存在的方位为170°引张应力场的控制.华北地区大地震的震源机制解反映出,该区地震发生为NEE向挤压应力和NNW向张应力的共同作用结果.印度洋板块向欧亚板块的碰撞挤压运动所产生的强烈的挤压应力,控制了喜马拉雅、青藏高原、乃至延伸到天山及其以北的广大地区.在青藏高原周缘地区和中国西部的大范围内,压应力P轴水平分量位于20°~40°,形成了近北东方向的挤压应力场,大量逆断层型强震集中发生在青藏高原的南、北和西部周缘地区以及天山等地区. 本文结果表明,正断层型地震集中发生在青藏高原中部高海拔的地区.证明了青藏高原周缘区域发生南北向强烈挤压短缩的同时,中部高海拔地区存在着明显的近东西向的扩张运动.根据本文最新结果,得到了华北、华南块体之间地壳区域应力场的控制边界线,发现该分界线与大地构造、岩石圈板块构造图等有较大差异,特别是在大别及其以东地区, 该分界线向东南偏转,在沿海的温州附近转向东,最终穿过东海直至琉球海沟.台湾纵谷断层是菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块之间碰撞挤压边界,来自北西西向运动的菲律宾海板块构造应力控制了从台湾纵谷、华南块体,直到中国南北地震带南段东部地域的应力场. 地震震源机制结果还表明,南北地震带南段西侧其P轴大约为NNE方向,与青藏高原的P轴方位一致.南北地震带南段东侧其P轴大约为NWW方向,与华南块体的P轴方位一致.因此,将中〖JP2〗国大陆分成东、西两部分的南北地震带南段是印度洋板块与菲律宾海板块在中国大陆内部影响控制范围的分界线. 相似文献
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One of the most challenging problems in the estimation of seismic hazard is the ability to quantify seismic activity. Empirical models based on the available earthquake catalogue are often used to obtain activity of source regions. The major limitation with this approach is the lack of sufficient data near a specified source. The non-availability of data poses difficulties in obtaining distribution of earthquakes with large return periods. Such events recur over geological time scales during which tectonic processes, including mantle convection, formation of faults and new plate boundaries, are likely to take place. The availability of geometries of plate boundaries, plate driving forces, lithospheric stress field and GPS measurements has provided numerous insights on the mechanics of tectonic plates. In this article, a 2D finite element model of Indo-Australian plate is developed with the focus of representing seismic activity in India. The effect of large scale geological features including sedimentary basins, fold belts and cratons on the stress field in India is explored in this study. In order to address long term behaviour, the orientation of stress field and tectonic faults of the present Indo- Australian plate are compared with a reconstructed stress field from the early Miocene (20 Ma). 相似文献
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中国大陆地震活动分期及其与构造运动的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用应变积累释放曲线的方法，讨论中国各主要地震区带的平静－活跃期现象及其与构造运动之间的联系。中国西南地区的地震活动反映了由印度－欧亚板块碰撞引起的动力作用由西向东，由南向北的推过程。 相似文献
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Apparent stress and stress drop for intraplate earthquakes and tectonic stress in the plates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The magnitude of shear stress in the lithosphere is bounded from below by the apparent stress and stress drop during intraplate earthquakes. Apparent stresses and stress drops for a number of mid-plate earthquakes are calculated from the earthquake magnitude, SH wave amplitude spectra, and estimates of the length of the fault zone. Apparent stresses vary between 0.1 and 2 bars, ifm
b
is used as a measure of seismic energy, and stress drops lie between 2 and 70 bars. There is no systematic difference in either apparent stress or stress drop between these intraplate events and typical plate boundary earthquakes. These bounds on intraplate shear stresses are consistent with the inference from current models of plate tectonic driving forces that regional stress differences in the plates are typically on the order of 100 bars. The highest stress drops measured for midplate earthquakes under this model represent nearly total release of local tectonic stress. 相似文献
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MIGRATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN TIBETAN BLOCK AREA AND DISSCUSSION ON MAJOR ACTIVE REGION IN THE FUTURE 
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下载免费PDF全文 YUAN Dao-yang FENG Jian-gang ZHENG Wen-jun LIU Xing-wang GE Wei-peng WANG Wei-tong 《地震地质》1979,42(2):297-315
On the basis of summarizing the circulation characteristics and mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above in continental China, the spatial-temporal migration characteristics, mechanism and future development trend of earthquakes with magnitude above 7 in Tibetan block area are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that there are temporal clustering and spatial zoning of regional strong earthquakes and large earthquakes in continental China, and they show the characteristics of migration and circulation in time and space. In the past 100a, there are four major earthquake cluster areas that have migrated from west to east and from south to north, i.e. 1)Himalayan seismic belt and Tianshan-Baikal seismic belt; 2)Mid-north to north-south seismic belt in Tibetan block area; 3)North-south seismic belt-periphery of Assam cape; and 4)North China and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The cluster time of each area is about 20a, and a complete cycle time is about 80a. The temporal and spatial images of the migration and circulation of strong earthquakes are consistent with the motion velocity field images obtained through GPS observations in continental China. The mechanism is related to the latest tectonic activity in continental China, which is mainly affected by the continuous compression of the Indian plate to the north on the Eurasian plate, the rotation of the Tibetan plateau around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and the additional stress field caused by the change of the earth's rotation speed.
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with MS7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out. 相似文献
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with MS7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out. 相似文献
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利用全球震源机制解资料,采用力轴张量计算法,反演中国大陆附近板块边界线上的构造应力场空间分布,其最大主压应力轴的方位角与GPS研究得到的板块运动方向一致,太平洋板块西边界和菲律宾板块琉球岛弧段的最大主压应力轴的倾角与板块俯冲倾角基本相当,因此认为该方法反演的构造应力场真实可靠。1999年、2005年和2011年太平洋板块日本本州段的最大主压应力轴方位角存在转折现象,震例总结显示该转折现象往往对应华北地区5级以上,甚至6级左右地震,但2011年的转折变化对应华北地震的震级在5级左右。根据对太平洋板块西边界的分段研究,认为2011年的转折变化主要是由42°~50°N段的构造应力场转折引起的,而该段从地理位置结合俯冲方向来看,影响的主要地区是东北地区,而对华北的影响相对较小,因此导致对应地震的震级偏低。1992—2000年菲律宾板块琉球岛弧段的最大主压应力轴方位角存在大幅度、长时间的逆时针偏转现象,分析认为是造成同期华北南部地区发生多次具有典型华南应力场特征地震的原因。 相似文献
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渤海、黄海和东海等中国东部海域在地质构造上是大陆向海的自然延伸，海域内的构造方向与大陆一致，均为NNE-NE向，但属于不同的二级大地构造单元，渤海和北黄海属于华北地块，南黄海属于扬子地块，东海属于华南地块。由于各地块与现今活动板块边界位置不同，构造与地震活动性差异较大，渤海和北黄海地区地震活动主要受印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞形成的东喜马拉雅构造节远场效应影响，地震活动强烈；南黄海地区以中强地震活动为主；东海地区地震活动主要受菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块碰撞形成的琉球俯冲带影响。冲绳海槽是正在形成的（活动的）边缘海盆地，不仅有浅源地震，且有中源地震活动。东海陆架盆地由于受冲绳海槽扩张的影响，停止发育，构造与地震活动相对较弱。 相似文献
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腾冲火山区及周围地区震源机制与构造应力场分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对腾冲火山区及周围地区强震震源深度和震源机制空间分布及区域现代构造应力场特征进行了研究。由我国西南地区直到缅甸中深源地震带的区域构造应力场空间分布格局,充分显示出我国西南地区在现代构造运动过程中,受到以印度板块对亚欧板块碰撞挤压作用为主要动力源,在东部同时受到太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块远距离作用影响的总体特征。腾冲火山区主要受到印度板块在缅甸中深源地震带产生的侧面挤压剪切的直接作用。腾冲火山区所属的腾冲龙陵地震带是西南地区区域构造应力场分区的一条重要边界。腾冲火山区主要受到北东———北东东向的区域压应力场作用,同时也可能受到东侧毗邻应力场分区南南东———南东向压应力场的影响。 相似文献
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云南强震活动的多层次动力源分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
对云南地区多层次动力过程作了分析研究，结果表明，若以两大板块之间在边界上的相互作用为最高层次的动力作用，云南地区现代构造运动至少包括三个层次的动力作用过程：(1)印度板块和亚欧板块两大地壳板块在喜马拉雅碰撞带东部弧顶和东翼相互作用产生的边界动力源对云南地区产生的直接影响和间接作用；还有菲律宾海板块对亚欧板块的北西西向的推挤，通过华南地区对云南东部的间接作用，构成了云南地区现代构造运动第一层次动力作用；(2)以康滇菱形断块为主体，包括川青断块、滇西南断块带等板内断块的整体向南南东—南东方向的相对移动产生的动力作用，是第二层次的动力作用；(3)由于板内断块边界断裂运动速率的差异，主要是水平滑动速率差异造成的板内断块内部次级断块移动产生的动力作用，是第三层次的动力作用。对印度板块和亚欧板块两大地壳板块碰撞挤压带东部弧顶和东翼相互作用产生的边界动力源与云南及邻区构造运动、构造应力场分布格局和强震活动关系作了分析研究，认为云南及邻区多层次动力作用过程，是强震活动时空分布的主要原因。 相似文献
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Ali K. Abdel-Fattah Saad M. Mogren Sattam Almadani 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2016,60(2):268-279
The relative movement between African, Arabian and Eurasian plates has significantly controlled the tectonic process of Sinai subplate region, although its kinematics and precise boundaries are still doubtful. The respective subplate bounded on both sides by the Aqaba-Dead Sea transform fault to the east and the Gulf of Suez, the only defined part, to the west. Seismicity parameters, moment magnitude relation and fault plane solutions were combined to determine the active tectonics along the aforementioned boundaries. Seven shallow seismogenic zones were defined by the heterogeneity in stress field orientations. Along the eastern boundary, the average fault plane solution obtained from the moment tensor summation (MTS) reveals a sinistral strike-slip faulting mechanism. The corresponding seismic strain rate tensor showed that the present tectonic stress producing earthquakes along the boundary is dominated by both NW-SE compression and NE-SW dilatation. Towards the north, the average focal mechanism showed a normal faulting mechanism of N185°E compression and an N94°E extension in the Carmel Fairi seismic zone. On the other hand, the active crustal deformation along the western boundary (Gulf of Suez region) showed a prevailing tensional stress regime of NE to ENE orientations; producing an average fault plane solution of normal faulting mechanism. The seismic strain rate tensor reveals a dominant stress regime of N58°E extension and N145°E compression in consistence with the general tectonic nature in northeastern Africa. Finally, the extensional to strike-slip stress regimes obtained in the present study emphasize that the deformation accommodated along the Sinai subplate boundaries are in consistence with the kinematics models along the plate boundaries representing the northern extremity part of the Red Sea region. 相似文献
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本文用平面问题的有限元方法,在研究云南地震与应力场关系之后,采用先计算大区域应力场,再计算小区域应力场的分步办法。 首先研究我国西南及其邻区强震活动与构造应力场的关系。计算结果说明:(1)由于印度板块不均匀推挤,在特定的边界条件下,是产生我国西南地区应力场复杂性的主要原因。(2)在印度板块的作用下,断块间运动以及板内大范围内应力场调整是西南地区强震活动的主要因素。(3)通过四个八级以上地震(海源、古浪、察隅:印度、尼泊尔)后应力场调整的研究,未来八级地震的地区有可能在川滇藏或缅甸一带。 相似文献
17.
藏东南及周边地区地震活动特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藏东南及周边地区是印度板块与欧亚板块动力碰撞的影响区, 该区历史地震活动强烈, 曾发生过1950年墨脱—察隅8.6级和1951年当雄8.0级地震。 本文首先介绍藏东南及周边地区的地质构造背景, 其次通过考察该地区强震活动情况和活动地块边界带相关段落的加卸载响应比(LURR)时序特征, 分析了研究区的强震活动状态。 从历史地震活动看, 安达曼弧地区与喜马拉雅东构造结地区强震活动存在一定的动力关联, 当前研究区域的周边动力环境表现为安达曼弧地区地震活动强烈和东构造结地区的持续平静。 从地震活动图像看, 1980年以来6级以上地震在藏东南及周边地区已经形成空区, 表现类似于1950年墨脱—察隅地震前的空间分布特征。 从活动地块边界带相关段落LURR时序特征看, 喜马拉雅带东段现处于高应力状态, 其次为澜沧江带与三江带。 相似文献
18.
Ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈ－ｓｏｕｔｈｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｂｅｌｔｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｉｔｓｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｐｌａｔｅ ｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔＪｉ－Ｒｅｎ... 相似文献
19.
Using multifractal spectrum estimating method based on the wavelet,the multifractal characteristics of GSR of earthquakes in China,Japan and New Zealand regions have been studied.It is shown that the multifractal spectra of GSR are obviously different in inter-and intra-plate regions.Moreover,though Japan and New ZeaIand are all located at the boundary of plates,West and East China are all characterized of continental tectonic structure,the multifractal spectra of GSR for both the two regions are also different.Further analysis shows that the natures of multifractal spectra of GSR are somehow related to the complexity of tectonics. 相似文献
20.
根据张北地震序列的地震活动特征,利用张北震区1998年1月～1999年3月间145个3 级左右地震的震源机制解资料,应用Gephart(1990)的应力张量反演方法,研究张北地震序列构造应力张量的总体变化特征和时序变化特征;研究发现强余震发生前,应力张量的波动幅度不是很大,震源及附近地区的构造应力作用较强,强余震发生后,应力因发生破裂而重新分布。而且震源区的构造应力场方向与华北地区的构造应力场方向基本一致,说明张北主震和强余震都是在华北统一构造应力场的作用下发生的。 相似文献