共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 38 毫秒
1.
2.
抗震规范应用强度折减系数的现状及分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
世界上大多数的抗震规范都采用了基于强度的设计方法,强度折减系数是基于强度的抗震设计中确定设计地震力的关键因素,提高强度折减系数的可靠性已经被认为是提高现有抗震规范可靠性的有效途径。本文主要介绍了抗震研究处于世界先进水平的美国(UBC97)、欧洲(EC8)、日本、墨西哥、加拿大、中国等国家抗震规范中强度折减系数取值的有关规定,然后给出了各国学者关于规范规定的强度折减系数的一些重要讨论和分析,最后指出了世界各国应用强度折减系数过程中存在的不足,指出了需进一步研究的问题。 相似文献
3.
4.
Radu Vacareanu Florin Pavel Ionut Craciun Veronica Coliba Cristian Arion Alexandru Aldea Cristian Neagu 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(2):407-417
Romania has one of the highest seismic hazard levels in Europe. The seismic hazard is due to a combination of local crustal seismic sources, situated mainly in the western part of the country and the Vrancea intermediate-depth seismic source, which can be found at the bend of the Carpathian Mountains. Recent seismic hazard studies have shown that there are consistent differences between the slopes of the seismic hazard curves for sites situated in the fore-arc and back-arc of the Carpathian Mountains. Consequently, in this study we extend this finding to the evaluation of the probability of collapse of buildings and finally to the development of uniform risk-targeted maps. The main advantage of uniform risk approach is that the target probability of collapse will be uniform throughout the country. Finally, the results obtained are discussed in the light of a recent study with the same focus performed at European level using the hazard data from SHARE project. The analyses performed in this study have pointed out to a dominant influence of the quantile of peak ground acceleration used for anchoring the fragility function. This parameter basically alters the shape of the risk-targeted maps shifting the areas which have higher collapse probabilities from eastern Romania to western Romania, as its exceedance probability increases. Consequently, a uniform procedure for deriving risk-targeted maps appears as more than necessary. 相似文献
5.
Uneven distribution of seismic demand in asymmetric-plan structures is a critical concern in earthquake-resistant design. Contemporary seismic design strategies that are based on linear elastic response, single load reduction factor, and uniform ductility demand throughout an asymmetric system generally lead to unsatisfactory performance in terms of realized ductilities and nonuniform damage distribution due to strong torsional coupling associated with asymmetric-plan systems. In many cases, actual nonlinear behavior of the structure displays significant deviation from what is estimated by a linear elastic, force-based seismic design approach. This study investigates the prediction of seismic demand distribution among structural members of a single-story, torsionally stiff asymmetric-plan system. The focus is on the effect of inherent unbalanced overstrength, resulting from current force-based design practices, on the seismic response of code-designed single-story asymmetric structures. The results obtained are utilized to compile unsymmetrical response spectra and uniform ductility spectra, which are proposed as assessment and preliminary design tools for estimating the seismic performance of multistory asymmetric structures. A simple design strategy is further suggested for improving the inelastic torsional performance of asymmetric systems. Providing additional strength to stiff edge members over their nominal design strength demands leads to a more balanced ductility distribution. Finally, seismic responses of several asymmetric case study structures designed with the aid of the proposed strategy are assessed for validating their improved performance. 相似文献
6.
Performance-Based Seismic Design is now widely recognized as the pre-eminent seismic design and assessment methodology for
building structures. In recognition of this, seismic codes may require that buildings achieve multiple performance objectives
such as withstanding moderate, yet frequently occurring earthquakes with minimal structural and non-structural damage, while
withstanding severe, but rare earthquakes without collapse and loss of life. These objectives are presumed to be satisfied
by some codes if the force-based design procedures are followed. This paper investigates the efficacy of the Eurocode 8 force-based
design provisions with respect to RC frame building design and expected seismic performance. Four, eight, and 16-storey moment
frame buildings were designed and analyzed using the code modal response spectrum analysis provisions. Non-linear time-history
analyses were subsequently performed to determine the simulated seismic response of the structures and to validate the Eurocode
8 force-based designs. The results indicate the design of flexural members in medium-to-long period structures is not significantly
influenced by the choice of effective member stiffness; however, calculated interstorey drift demands are significantly affected.
This finding was primarily attributed to the code’s enforcement of a minimum spectral ordinate on the design spectrum. Furthermore,
design storey forces and interstorey drift demand estimates (and therefore damage), obtained by application of the code force-based
design procedure varied substantially from those found through non-linear time-history analysis. Overall, the results suggest
that though the Eurocode 8 may yield life-safe designs, the seismic performance of frame buildings of the same type and ductility
class can be highly non-uniform. 相似文献
7.
This paper presents a new way of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design and analysis of structures based on a comprehensive method for estimating the damage potential of ground motions, which takes into consideration of various ground motion parameters and structural seismic damage criteria in terms of strength, deformation, hysteretic energy and dual damage of Park & Ang damage index. The proposed comprehensive method fully involves the effects of the intensity, frequency content and duration of ground motions and the dynamic characteristics of structures. Then, the concept of the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion is introduced. Based on the concept, the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions for rock, stiff soil, medium soil and soft soil site conditions are selected in terms of three typical period ranges of structures. The selected real strong motion records are suitable for seismic analysis of important structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake, as they can cause the greatest damage to structures and thereby result in the highest damage potential from an extended real ground motion database for a given site. In addition, this paper also presents the real input design ground motions with medium damage potential, which can be used for the seismic analysis of structures located at the area with low and moderate seismicity. The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions are verified by analysing the seismic response of structures. It is concluded that the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion approach can select the real ground motions that can result in the highest damage potential for a given structure and site condition, and the real ground motions can be mainly used for structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
地震作用下，若斜拉桥主塔发生损伤，将使整体损伤风险明显提高。因此对斜拉桥主塔进行地震易损性分析来评定主塔的抗震能力，进而评估斜拉桥主塔在设计基准期内的地震损伤风险，具有重要的工程和经济意义。本文通过SAP2000有限元分析软件对某斜拉桥主塔进行了纵横向的地震易损性及危险性分析，结合地震易损性和危险性分析推导出概率地震风险函数，进而开展了斜拉桥的概率地震风险分析。分析结果证明，在100年设计基准期内，纵桥向或横桥向地震作用下，本文斜拉桥"H"型主塔均满足E3水准抗震设防要求。 相似文献
9.
详细论述了结构分灾抗震设计的产生背景、设计思想、优化模型和基本原则，指出结构分灾设计是在分析基于投资—效益准则的结构抗震设计模型的基础上，对工程实践中一些成功经验的提炼和概括而形成的设计方法，工程领域中一些现行设计方法和措施就是分灾设计的具体应用。当工程师们待处理的问题必须考虑高度不确定性因素时，将分灾设计作为一种可能选用的设计理念，将有助于工程师们实现设计创新。分灾设计符合基于性能的抗震设计思想，可以方便地实现基于性能的设计。 相似文献
10.
The characterisation of the seismic hazard input is a critical element of any seismic design code, not only in terms of the absolute levels of ground motion considered but also of the shape of the design spectrum. In the case of Europe, future revisions of the seismic design provisions, both at a national and a pan‐European level, may implement considerable modifications to the existing provisions in light of recent seismic hazard models, such as the 2013 European Seismic Hazard Model. Constraint of the shape of the long‐period design spectrum from seismic hazard estimates on such a scale has not been possible, however, owing to the limited spectral period range of existing ground motion models. Building upon recent developments in ground motion modelling, the 2013 European Seismic Hazard Model is adapted here with a new ground motion logic tree to provide a broadband Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for rock sites across a spectral period range from 0.05 seconds to 10.0 seconds. The resulting uniform hazard spectra (UHS) are compared against existing results for European and broadband Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and against a proposed formulation of a generalised design spectrum in which controlling parameters can be optimised to best fit the uniform hazard spectra in order to demonstrate their variability on a European scale. Significant variations in the controlling parameters of the design spectrum are seen both across and within stable and active regions. These trends can help guide recalibrations of the code spectra in future revisions to seismic design codes, particularly for the longer‐period displacement spectrum. 相似文献
11.
本文主要研究如何通过合理设计来提高高层钢结构的整体抗震能力。首先,给出了高层钢结构的非线性计算模型;其次,建立了高层钢结构在强地震动作用下的倒塌失效模式的极限状态判别准则;然后,通过模态pushover分析,研究了高层钢结构在水平地震作用下的损伤规律;最后,重点研究了高层钢结构的整体抗震能力的提高方法,提出了均匀损伤的设计方法,该方法通过消除结构的薄弱层,来达到提高高层钢结构的整体抗震能力的目的。通过对两栋20层的高层钢框架结构进行极限时程分析和极限pushover分析,验证了文中提出的均匀损伤的设计方法的可行性。本文的工作可为高层钢结构的抗地震倒塌设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
12.
吕大刚 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(5)
结构抗震可靠度分析的解析求解一直是结构可靠度领域和地震工程领域研究者们的追求目标.解析表达式不仅有利于简化结构抗震可靠度分析这个极端困难的工作,而且也有利于进行基于可靠度的结构概率抗震性能设计与评定.从全概率定理的两种不同表达式出发,介绍了国际上流行的两种结构抗震可靠度解析表达式,过去一直认为这是两种理论基础不同的表达式.本文通过对地震易损性函数关系的解析推导,揭示了若干重要关系,证明了两种表达式的一致性. 相似文献
13.
GiuseppeCarloMarano 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2005,4(1):95-106
Bridge seismic isolation strategy is based on the reduction of shear forces transmitted from the superstructure to the piers by two means: shifting natural period and earthquake input energy reduction by dissipation concentrated in protection devices. In this paper, a stochastic analysis of a simple isolated bridge model for different bridge and device parameters is conducted to assess the efficiency of this seismic protection strategy. To achieve this aim, a simple nonlinear softening constitutive law is adopted to model a wide range of isolation devices, characterized by only three essential mechanical parameters. As a consequence of the random nature of seismic motion, a probabilistic analysis is carried out and the time modulated Kanai-Tajimi stochastic process is adopted to represent the seismic action. The response covariance in the state space is obtained by solving the Lyapunov equation for a stochastic linearized system. After a sensitivity analysis, the failure probability referred to extreme displacement and the mean value of dissipated energy are assessed by using the introduced stochastic indices of seismic bridge protection efficiency. A parametric analysis for protective devices with different mechanical parameters is developed for a proper selection of parameters of isolation devices under different situations. 相似文献
14.
Earthquake-resistant design and seismic analysis often require the earthquake action to be represented in the form of acceleration time-histories. Real accelerograms can be selected based on matching an earthquake scenario, defined by magnitude and distance, and scaled if necessary. The scaled accelerograms should reflect the hazard in terms of the parameters that characterise the inelastic demand on structures, including response spectral ordinates, duration and energy content. In order to maintain realistic ground motions, the scaling factors should not differ greatly from unity. It is found that in many cases, where the hazard is influenced by more than one seismic source, it is impossible to define a single earthquake scenario that is compatible with the results of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. Even if a hazard-consistent scenario can be defined, there are difficulties encountered in using the results to select and scale real accelerograms. 相似文献
15.
B. Borzi G. M. Calvi A. S. Elnashai E. Faccioli J. J. Bommer 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(1):103
In recognition of the emergence of displacement-based seismic design as a potentially more rational approach than force-based techniques, this paper addresses derivation of inelastic displacement spectra and associated topics. A well-constrained earthquake strong-motion dataset is used to derive inelastic displacement spectra, displacement reduction factors and ductility–damping relationships. These are in a format amenable for use in design and assessment of structures with a wide range of response characteristics. 相似文献
16.
钢框架结构的非线性静力抗震可靠性分析 II:可靠度指标及其灵敏度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将有限元反应及其灵敏度分析与结构可靠度分析的近似解析方法结合起来,可以进行具有隐式功能函数的大型复杂结构的可靠性分析。在基于位移的非线性纤维梁柱单元及其灵敏度直接微分表达式的基础上,通过力学变换、概率变换和反应灵敏度,将结构可靠度计算方法FORM和SORM与有限元方法有机地集成在一起。依据现行抗震设计规范,建立了钢框架结构典型构件承载能力和结构层间变形能力的抗震极限状态方程,利用地震作用的等效随机静力模型,采用非线性有限元静力可靠度方法,对一实际工程结构的抗震可靠度及其灵敏度进行了概率分析和评价,结果表明:尽管在大震作用下该结构的层间弹塑性变形可靠度较高,但是构件极限承载能力的可靠度指标较低,仍然存在失效的可能性。因此,仅验算"小震"作用下结构的承载能力可靠度和"大震"作用下结构的变形能力可靠度是不够的,还需要验算在"中震"和"大震"作用下结构的极限承载能力可靠度。 相似文献
17.
将有限元反应及其灵敏度分析与结构可靠度分析的近似解析方法结合起来,可以进行具有隐式功能函数的大型复杂结构的可靠性分析。在基于位移的非线性纤维梁柱单元及其灵敏度直接微分表达式的基础上,通过力学变换、概率变换和反应灵敏度,将结构可靠度计算方法FORM和SORM与有限元方法有机地集成在一起。依据现行抗震设计规范,建立了钢框架结构典型构件承载能力和结构层间变形能力的抗震极限状态方程,利用地震作用的等效随机静力模型,采用非线性有限元静力可靠度方法,对一实际工程结构的抗震可靠度及其灵敏度进行了概率分析和评价,结果表明：尽管在大震作用下该结构的层间弹塑性变形可靠度较高,但是构件极限承载能力的可靠度指标较低,仍然存在失效的可能性。因此,仅验算“小震”作用下结构的承载能力可靠度和“大震”作用下结构的变形能力可靠度是不够的,还需要验算在“中震”和“大震”作用下结构的极限承载能力可靠度。 相似文献
18.
Jorge M. Gaspar-Escribano Manuel Navarro Belén Benito Antonio García-Jerez Francisco Vidal 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(6):1547-1567
An approach that relates results from a regional seismic hazard assessment study with local-scale site-effect characterizations
in an area of low-to-moderate seismic activity such as Andalusia (southern Spain), is presented. Results of a previous probabilistic
seismic hazard analysis of Andalusia on rock conditions are disaggregated to infer hazard controlling earthquakes for different
target motions. A collection of controlling magnitude-distance pairs and the corresponding site-specific response spectra
at main capital cities of the region are obtained. These spectra are first-order approximations to expected seismic actions
required in local earthquake risk assessments. In addition, results of independent, local-scale studies developed in Almeria
City (SE Andalusia) are used to derive an updated seismic zonation of the city. These include predominant soil period estimates
and shear-wave velocity profiles at different locations. If a local seismic risk assessment study or an earthquake-resistant
structural design is to be developed, it may be recommended the use of different seismic actions on sites characterized by
distinct response to seismic shaking (as derived from the seismic zonation). The seismic action related to worst-case scenarios
may be modeled through a hazard-consistent response spectrum, obtained by hazard disaggregation at the spectral acceleration
with period matching the prevailing resonant period of the target site or structure. 相似文献
19.
Reduction of structural response to near fault earthquakes by seismic isolation columns and variable friction dampers 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Y. Ribakov 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2010,9(1):113-122
<正>This paper focuses on the investigation of a hybrid seismic isolation system with passive variable friction dampers for protection of structures against near fault earthquakes.The seismic isolation can be implemented by replacing the conventional columns fixed to the foundations by seismic isolating ones.These columns allow horizontal displacement between the superstructure and the foundations and decouple the building from the damaging earthquake motion.As a result, the forces in the structural elements decrease and damage that may be caused to the building by the earthquake significantly decreases.However,this positive effect is achieved on account of displacements occurring in the isolating columns.These displacements become very large when the structure is subjected to a strong earthquake.In this case,impact may occur between the parts of the isolating column yielding their damage or collapse.In order to limit the displacements in the isolating columns,it is proposed to add variable friction dampers.A method for selecting the dampers' properties is proposed.It is carried out using an artificial ground motion record and optimal active control algorithm.Numerical simulation of a seven-story structure shows that the proposed method allows efficient reduction in structural response and limits the displacements at the seismic isolating columns. 相似文献
20.
IntroductionAt present, the proper design and construction of buildings for earthquake-resistance is the most effective measure to mitigate the earthquake damage. In a broad sense, the earthquake resistance design should include the following seven contents:1) Determining the seismic design criteria Determining the seismic design goals3) Determining the seismic design parameters (intensity or ground motion) and their numerical values4) Determining the category of importance for buildings and … 相似文献