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1.
太湖近代沉积物中重金属元素的累积 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
利用210Pb、137Cs定年技术,对来自太湖不同生态和沉积特征的三个湖区的沉积物柱状样品进行了定年,用ICP—AES分析了沉积物中重金属等元素的含量,分析了太湖沉积物中重金属的累积特征及其成因.污染较重、蓝藻水华暴发频繁的梅梁湾沉积物中的重金属含量在近25年来逐年增加;太湖上游风浪较大的夹浦湖区表层10cm沉积速率大、粒度粗,除表层1cm外,1—10cm沉积物中各种重金属含量都较低,且层间变化剧烈;下游湖区正逐渐草型化的胥口湾除表层3cm外,沉积物中重金属的含量自底层向表层大致呈不断下降的趋势.研究表明,不同年代的太湖沉积物中重金属含量差异很大,明显大于不同湖区间沉积物重金属平均含量间的差异.水动力作用引起的沉积物粒度分异很可能是影响沉积物中重金属积累的一个重要因素.总体上太湖沉积物中重金属的污染比较轻微,但已经有一定程度的Cd污染,梅梁湾沉积物中自上世纪70年代开始明显积累Cd,其他重金属元素的积累也逐渐增加,值得关注. 相似文献
2.
太湖表层沉积物重金属元素的来源分析 总被引：42，自引：4，他引：38
根据太湖MS岩芯重金属元素与Al的线性回归分析及元素/Al、V/Al比率散点图变化规律,讨论了太湖沉积物中重金属元素的来源特征。结果表明:20世纪20年代中期以前,重金属元素主要为自然来源;20年代中期—70年代中期,尽管沉积物中Al、Fe、Zn、Mn、V、Cr等重金属元素含量随沉积物粒度变粗而明显下降,但除Hg受到一定程度的人为污染之外,其它重金属元素仍以自然来源为主,物源有所变化;70年代末期以来,沉积物中重金属元素人为污染逐渐加重,Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg、As等元素既有流域母质来源,又受到一定程度的人为污染。 相似文献
3.
磷是湖泊生态系统物质和能量循环的重要组成部分,是湖泊富营养化防治的重要控制性指标.为分析太湖富营养化与人类活动的关系,掌握总磷（TP）的时空变化规律及驱动因子,本文收集整理了1980—2020年太湖TP浓度数据并分析了TP的时序、时空和年内变化特征.结果表明,1980s经济社会快速发展之初,伴随着工业和三产用水量激增,废污水排放量和入湖负荷大增,1985—1995年太湖TP浓度急剧升高.随着治理与保护措施的实施,到1995年达到峰值后逐步走低,2009年后进入了窄幅波动期.从空间上看,不同时段TP浓度分布格局较好地反映了入湖污染物的输入分布.通过分时段对比分析可能影响太湖TP浓度变化的驱动因子,分别讨论了经济社会发展、用水量、废污水排放量,入湖水量、入湖河流TP浓度、入湖TP负荷,蓝藻水华、水温,高等水生植物,底泥释放,太湖换水周期变化等.结果表明,近10年来入湖TP负荷增加,蓝藻水华强度加大,水温升高,高等水生植物面积减少,这些因素会导致太湖TP浓度上升.2008—2019年净入湖TP负荷比1998—2007年增加了33.9%,而近10年太湖换水周期缩短了17.7%,在一定程度上抵消了影响太湖TP浓度升高的驱动因子的不利影响,太湖TP浓度不升反降.为此建议在新一轮太湖治理中积极开展控源截污、节水减排、水资源调控、高等水生植被恢复、重点污染湖区清淤疏浚等针对性措施以期获得更好的太湖TP浓度控制效果. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, the vertical variations of heavy metal elements (including Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the sediments of Songhua Lake are analyzed using sediment cores. A 70‐year evolutionary history of these heavy metal elements in Songhua Lake is described and the sources of the heavy metals in the sediments are investigated by evaluating the pollution characteristics of the metals in terms of their enrichment coefficients and geoaccumulation indexes. The results indicate that Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the sediments originated mainly from basin erosion and were transported to the lake by rivers. Cd and Hg in the sediments also originated from basin erosion that occurred prior to the mid‐1990s, and these sediments have since been overlaid by artificial pollution. The distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of Songhua Lake is influenced by many factors, including sediment composition, the relative importance of fluvial input, and artificial pollution. 相似文献
5.
Variation characteristics of heavy metals and nutrients in the core sediments of Taihu Lake and their pollution history 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
The sedimentary environment change, trophic evolution and heavy metals pollution history of the northern Taihu Lake in the last 100 years are studied according to the sedimentary geo-chemical proxies of the core sediments, such as grain size, nutrients, heavy metals, diatom, etc. The nutrients in the sediments depended mainly on the lake internal circulation and the heavy metals were from natural geogenic sources before the 1920s, which were not influenced by human activities generally, and grain size was one of the key factors influencing heavy metals content in the sediments. The alternation of manner and strength of human activities in Taihu Lake catchment before and after the 1920s made the lake sediments coarser, and hence heavy metals and TP content decreased contrasted with that before the 1920s. TP content in sediments and water increased from the 1950s to late 1970s due to anthropogenic pollutants discharge, and the lake belonging to mesotrophic state. TN and TOC content and C/N ratio increased due to the increasing external pollutants into Taihu Lake by human activities, TP content also increased obviously in water and sediments, and the diatom association was dominated by eutrophic species since the late 1970s, indicating the eutrophication state of Taihu Lake in this period. Meanwhile the increasing in heavy metals content, such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and their proportion of valid fractions in the sediments indicates that they all result from human pollutants since the late 1970s. The heavy metals in the surface sediments have certain potential biological toxicity due to the higher SEM/AVS ratio. 相似文献
6.
Variation characteristics of heavy metals and nutrients in the core sediments of Taihu Lake and their pollution history 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The sedimentary environment change, trophic evolution and heavy metals pollution history of the northern Taihu Lake in the last 100 years are studied according to the sedimentary geochemical proxies of the core sediments, such as grain size, nutrients, heavy metals, diatom, etc. The nutrients in the sediments depended mainly on the lake internal circulation and the heavy metals were from natural geogenic sources before the 1920s, which were not influenced by human activities generally, and grain size was one of the key factors influencing heavy metals content in the sediments. The alternation of manner and strength of human activities in Taihu Lake catchment before and after the 1920s made the lake sediments coarser, and hence heavy metals and TP content decreased contrasted with that before the 1920s. TP content in sediments and water increased from the 1950s to late 1970s due to anthropogenic pollutants discharge, and the lake belonging to mesotrophic state. TN and TOC content and C/N ratio increased due to the increasing external pollutants into Taihu Lake by human activities, TP content also increased obviously in water and sediments, and the diatom association was dominated by eutrophic species since the late 1970s, indicating the eutrophication state of Taihu Lake in this period. Meanwhile the increasing in heavy metals content, such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and their proportion of valid fractions in the sediments indicates that they all result from human pollutants since the late 1970s. The heavy metals in the surface sediments have certain potential biological toxicity due to the higher SEM/AVS ratio. 相似文献
7.
太湖梅梁湾沉积物中重金属的赋存相态及其对污染历史的示踪 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文以梅梁湾沉积物中的重金属元素为研究对象,利用五步连续提取的方法将梅梁湾沉积物中的重金属元素分水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机物结合态和残留态六种相态.应用210Pb、137Cs定年法相结合,通过对百年沉积物的连续提取及元素富集系数的分析,得到重金属元素在不同相态中的含量随时间的变化.与历史时期人类活动相比较,重建了自19世纪末期到2000年的人类活动影响流域环境的历史,证实了重金属元素含量变化主要受人类活动的强度和方式制约.具明显影响的人类活动分三个时段,其中最为严重的时段是自1977年至今.与无锡历年工业产值变化的对比分析表明,各相态中重金属含量的相似变化记录了梅梁湾受湖湾沿岸居民的经济生产活动影响,污染程度日益加剧,且工业废污水中重金属主要以铁锰氧化物结合态进入太湖生态系统中. 相似文献
8.
鄱阳湖湖口、外洲、梅港三站水沙变化及趋势分析(1955-2001年) 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对鄱阳湖流域三个主要控制站湖口、外洲和梅港多年(1955-2001年)水沙数据进行了统计分析,利用滑动平均法,Spearman秩次相关检验、线性回归检验方法对三个测站的水沙变化趋势进行了分析检验,结果表明,鄱阳湖泥沙出湖集中于长江大汛前的2-6月,在长江7-9月大汛期间,会出现长江泥沙倒灌鄱阳湖的情况．湖口站近期(1990-2001年)径流量和输沙量变幅都非常大,同上世纪80年代相比,年均径流量增加255．3×10~8 m~3．年均减少沙量0．29×10~8 t;外洲站近期的输沙量明显减少,沙量分别为70年代前、70年代、80年代的49．6%、48．7%和52．3%;梅港站径流量略微增加沙量无明显变化趋势．从入湖径流来看,赣江和信江占52．4%,入湖泥沙量占了76．0%以上．从赣江和信江水沙总体变化趋势来看,赣江径流量变化趋势不明显,而输沙量具有明显减少的趋势;信江径流量增加趋势明显,输沙量基本无明显趋势．鄱阳湖流域水沙变化主要受人类活动的影响．土地利用方式的改变和流域水利工程设施的修建极大地影响了流域水沙特征及其变化趋势． 相似文献
9.
分析湖泊中磷浓度的变化特征,揭示其变化的驱动机制,是有效实施湖泊水体磷浓度控制的前提.本文整理分析了太湖70年来(1949 2020年)水体磷浓度监测历史资料,对比了太湖不同湖区、不同时间尺度水体磷浓度的差异性及波动性,发现影响太湖磷浓度变化的原因既有人为的因素,也有自然的因素.无论是污染较轻的1950年,还是污染负荷相对较重的近30年,太湖水体磷浓度一直存在较大时空差异性.暴雨引发入湖河流携带磷污染的扩散、风浪扰动引起的内源释放及蓝藻水华期间藻类生物量的大幅时空变化,都加剧了太湖水体磷浓度的不稳定性.近20年的太湖水污染治理对磷浓度的时空分布影响明显,1998年的太湖水污染治理"零点行动",2007年以来的水利调度等系列水污染治理工程,以及2017年以来的藻情变化等,都对太湖水体磷浓度的时空格局产生了影响.然而,高强度治理投入下太湖水体磷浓度依然偏高,其原因与流域建设用地比例增加、人口增加、耕地种植结构变化等外源负荷因素发生变化有关,也与湖体沉水植被退化、出入流结构发生变化、气候变化引发的蓝藻水华扩张等内源强度及水体表观磷浓度决定因素的生态环境变化有关.近70年来太湖水体磷浓度的变化过程对类似大型浅水湖泊的磷控制策略具有启示意义:大型浅水湖泊存在磷浓度较大波动的自然属性,在水环境保护目标考核中应充分考虑其不确定性,制定切实可行的控制目标;在控制策略上应将外源负荷控制放在首位,在流域污水处理厂深度除磷及流域土地利用调整等方面采取措施,实现入湖磷负荷的大幅削减,同时实施湖体生态修复与食物链调控措施,才能逐步实现湖泊水体磷浓度的控制目标. 相似文献
10.
自2007年太湖蓝藻水华引起无锡供水危机后,在太湖流域及湖区开展了一系列综合治理措施以改善太湖水环境质量.本研究在太湖梅梁湾和贡湖湾各设置3个采样点,自2010年4月起每月2次监测太湖水质.结合水文气象数据及无锡市环境监测站和太湖局的同期数据,明确太湖自2010年以来,水质整体良好,总氮浓度在波动中呈现下降的趋势,总磷浓度在2014年前也是在波动中呈现下降的趋势,但在2015和2016年有所回升,回升比例约为15%~20%.2015和2016年总磷浓度出现回升的主要原因是这2年的2次大洪水过程携带大量N、P进入太湖湖区,洪水消退过程中,N大多以溶解态排泄出湖区,而P则由于大多数以颗粒态存在,逐渐沉积到湖泊中,随着微囊藻生长消耗水体溶解态P以及水体pH和溶解氧的变化逐渐释放到太湖水体中. 相似文献
11.
磷是太湖富营养化的关键性指标,为了解太湖总磷内、外源变化趋势及特征,从总磷污染负荷动态平衡角度分析太湖总磷主要来源与总磷浓度高位波动的原因,本研究基于2007年以来长时序水量水质监测资料和调查数据,开展了太湖进出各途径的总磷负荷质量平衡估算及分析。结果表明,2007—2020年入湖河道输入总磷负荷为1835～2799 t,占太湖总磷负荷的55%～73%,是外源输入最主要的途径;大气干湿沉降输入353～1380 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的12%～38%,是太湖总磷外源输入的第二大途径;太湖水体中总磷负荷量约占8%～15%。出湖河道输出总磷负荷量为516～906 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的13%～30%;水生动植物捕捞总磷负荷量为115～312 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的4%～12%,水厂输出占2%～3%左右;约41%～74%的总磷负荷量滞留于太湖湖体中,成为影响太湖总磷浓度的重要内源。同时,太湖地区气温升高、太湖水体流动速度加快一定程度上又加速了内源污染释放,使其成为总磷改善的限制性因素。 相似文献
12.
太湖上游流域经济发展对废水排放及入湖总磷的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为探索太湖流域水环境质量随经济发展的变化趋势,利用环境库兹涅茨曲线模型模拟1978-2012年太湖上游流域人均GDP与废水排放量、入湖总磷负荷的关系.结果表明:以1978年为计算基期,太湖上游流域人均GDP年均增速为10.3%~11.8%;1990-2012年,太湖上游流域年均工业废水排放量和废水排放总量分别为64799×104、93707×104t,与人均GDP均呈倒U型关系,从2006-2007年、2008-2009年呈下降趋势;入湖总磷负荷与太湖上游流域废水排放总量呈显著正相关,且与人均GDP呈倒U型关系,从2007-2008年呈下降趋势,在1990s以前为850~1200 t/a,1990s以后为1300~2000 t/a.该研究为从经济学角度评估太湖上游流域废水排放、入湖总磷负荷及其变化趋势提供科学依据. 相似文献
13.
Florian Thevenon Stefanie B. Wirth Marian Fujak John Poté Stéphanie Girardclos 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2013,75(3):413-424
Terrigenous (Sc, Fe, K, Mg, Al, Ti) and anthropogenic (Pb and Cu) element fluxes were measured in a new sediment core from Lake Biel (Switzerland) and in previously well-documented cores from two upstream lakes (Lake Brienz and Lake Thun). These three large peri-alpine lakes are connected by the Aare River, which is the main tributary to the High Rhine River. Major and trace element analysis of the sediment cores by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) shows that the site of Lake Brienz receives three times more terrigenous elements than the two other studied sites, given by the role of Lake Brienz as the first major sediment sink located in the foothills of the Alps. Overall, the terrigenous fluxes reconstructed at the three studied sites suggest that the construction of sediment-trapping reservoirs during the twentieth century noticeably decreased the riverine suspended sediment load at a regional scale. In fact, the extensive river damming that occurred in the upstream watershed catchment (between ca. 1930 and 1950 and up to 2,300 m a.s.l.) and that significantly modified seasonal suspended sediment loads and riverine water discharge patterns to downstream lakes noticeably diminished the long-range transport of (fine) terrigenous particles by the Aare River. Concerning the transport of anthropogenic pollutants, the lowest lead enrichment factors (EFs Pb) were measured in the upstream course of the Aare River at the site of Lake Brienz, whereas the metal pollution was highest in downstream Lake Biel, with the maximum values measured between 1940 and 1970 (EF Pb > 3). The following recorded regional reduction in aquatic Pb pollution started about 15 years before the actual introduction of unleaded gasoline in 1985. Furthermore, the radiometric dating of the sediment core from Lake Biel identifies three events of hydrological transport of artificial radionuclides released by the nuclear reactor of Mühleberg located at more than 15 km upstream of Lake Biel for the time period 1970–2000. 相似文献
14.
1990s长江流域降水趋势分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据国家气象局提供的实测月降水和日降水资料,运用Mann-Kendall(M-K)非参数检验法验证了降水趋势,并通过空间插补法,由点扩展到面,分析了1990s长江流域降水变化特征,发现1990s长江流域降水变化以降水在时间和空间分布上的集中度的增加为主要特点:时间上,年降水的增加趋势以冬季1月和夏季6月降水的集中增加为主;一日降水量大于等于50mm的暴雨日数和暴雨量在1990s也有了较明显的增加.空间上,年降水、夏季降水、冬季降水的增加都以中下游区的增加为主,尤其以鄱阳湖水系、洞庭湖水系的降水增加为主.1990s长江流域春季和秋季降水的减少以5月和9月两个汛期月份的降水减少为主,除金沙江水系和洞庭湖水系等少数地区外,流域大部分地区降水呈减少趋势.上述1990s出现的降水趋势明显与近年来全球变暖背景下长江流域各地区不同的温度及水循环变异有关. 相似文献
15.
环太湖江苏段入湖河道污染物通量与湖区水质的响应关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于2008-2018年环太湖江苏段入湖河道污染物通量及湖区水质数据,从时空变化及相关关系两个方面探讨了入湖污染物通量与湖区水质的响应关系,并分析了污染物进入湖体影响水质的主要因子.结果表明:太湖污染减排已见成效,氨氮、总氮、高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量入湖污染物通量整体呈下降趋势,年均下降率分别为8.0%、2.0%、1.6%和2.2%,湖体氨氮和总氮时间格局响应较好,年均下降率分别为2.1%和2.3%.湖体氨氮、总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量与入湖污染物通量整体由西北部、西部湖区向东南部、东部湖区递减,空间格局上响应基本一致.全湖区年尺度总氮、氨氮浓度与入湖河道污染物通量分别呈显著正相关、极显著正相关关系;影响湖区总氮、氨氮的主要因子为入湖河道的总氮、氨氮浓度,其次为入湖河道浓度与原湖区水质差值,因此亟需加强入湖河道水质浓度的控制. 相似文献
16.
M. Mil-Homens V. Branco C. Vale W. Boer U. Alt-Epping F. Abrantes M. Vicente 《Continental Shelf Research》2009
Favourable oceanographic and environmental conditions allow the formation of a fine-grained deposit (Tagus prodelta) located at the mouth of the Tagus River. This fine-grained deposit results from the sink and accumulation of terrestrial and marine-derived materials. Three short sediment cores collected in the Tagus prodelta were investigated through the variability in grain-size, major and trace elements, Corg, Ntot, δ13C and 210Pb dating to characterise the historical development of trace metal contamination. Historical trends indicated significant anthropogenic enrichments for Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb and Sn since the 1930s. Hg presents the highest level of anthropogenic enrichment (ca. EFHg=20) in cores 3576 (PO287-26-1B) and 3579 (PO287-27-1B) collected closer to the shore. Despite these elements were derived from distinct industrial sources, all of them presented similar temporal trends, which points to the importance of estuarine mixing processes originated by the tidal regime and wind before transfer to the adjoining coastal areas. The cores were characterised by smoothness of down-core variations and river flood events occurred in the last decades were not registered. Furthermore, the improvement of effluents treatment together with the closing of some industrial point sources in the last two decades is not evidenced in recent sediment composition of the Tagus prodelta. Besides sediment reworking in the upper sediment layers, sediment mixing inside the estuary may explain minor abrupt alterations with the depth. 相似文献
17.
《Limnologica》2019
Biologically configured ββ-hopanes, geologically configured αβ-hopanes and the biogenic hopenes were determined in dated sediment cores from Lake Fuxian in SW China and Lake Changdang in Eastern China in order to investigate anthropogenic influences on the abundance, composition and provenance of hopanoid hydrocarbons in lake sediments. Based on the results, hopenes were prevalent, with maximum values reaching 148.9 μg g−1 TOC in sediments of Lake Fuxian, an oligotrophic deep lake (average depth 89.6 m), where the long water column provided ample potential for the growth of hopene-producing bacteria especially the cyanobacteria. Sediment hopenes have diminished in abundance to values of 13.4–78.5 μg g−1 TOC in Lake Changdang, a eutrophic shallow (average 0.8–1.2 m) body, reflecting comparatively reduced importance of nutrient level on hopene production. Historical trends in hopenes input to the sediments of each lake are strongly dependent on nutrient status. During the last few decades, human-induced eutrophication has greatly boosted bacterial production, enhancing the accumulation of hopenes in sediments. Inputs of petroleum-derived αβ-hopanes were exceptionally high (average 71.2 μg g−1 TOC) in post-1968 sediments from Lake Changdang, their increase coinciding with the advent and acceleration of petroleum product use around the lake, in particular by fishing boats. Lake Fuxian on the other hand, has undergone slower economic development and the appearance of petroleum-derived αβ-hopanes in sediments was delayed to 1990 since when the average value has been 27.1 μg g−1 TOC. The abundance of αβ-hopanes in Lake Changdang has created a marked decrease in the relative contribution of hopenes to total hopanoids since 1968. Conversely, the amounts of αβ-hopanes introduced to Lake Fuxian since 1990 has yet to yield a clear change in the overall proportion of hopenes, but the abundance of ββ-hopanes has declined relative to total hopanoid levels for the period. 相似文献
18.
2010-2017年太湖总磷浓度变化趋势分析及成因探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来,太湖流域各省市政府加大治理力度,流域水体水质取得明显好转,氨氮浓度和总氮浓度呈大幅度下降趋势,然而太湖水体总磷浓度呈上升趋势.为探讨太湖总磷浓度升高的原因,采用太湖流域管理局2010年以来的水质水量实测数据、遥感监测数据等,分别从太湖入湖河流污染负荷量、水生植被和蓝藻与总磷浓度的关系3个方面进行相关性分析.结果表明,入湖河流总磷浓度高于太湖水体总磷浓度,且磷不易出湖,逐年总磷净入湖量持续累积与太湖总磷浓度有明显的正相关性,入湖污染负荷量大是太湖总磷浓度居高不下的根本原因;水生植被可吸收湖泊沉积物中的营养盐,并抑制底泥再悬浮从而降低内源性营养盐的释放,东太湖水生植被的大量减少,一方面减少了沉水植物对磷元素的吸收,另一方面增加了风浪对底泥的扰动再悬浮,造成磷元素释放,是造成湖水总磷浓度升高的重要因素;近年来太湖蓝藻密度呈上升趋势,受其影响,总磷浓度也有上升,蓝藻水华加快湖体磷循环,藻类密度增加也是太湖总磷浓度升高的影响因素之一. 相似文献
19.
《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(5):724-738
Freshwater reservoirs are essential owing because of their ecological, economic, and social importance. They are particularly vulnerable to contamination, as of metal and metalloids, derived from anthropogenic activities like mining. The temporal variations in trace element concentrations (arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)), enrichment, fluxes, and possible sources were evaluated by studying two sediment cores from the La Angostura (ANG) Reservoir (northwest Mexico), using 210Pb geochronology. The enrichment factors showed from null to minor enrichment for most elements, but moderate to severe enrichment of mercury (Hg). Most trace element concentrations had a detrital origin, and notable Hg concentration increases since the past decade were associated with severe drought periods, likely resulting from wildfires. The observed sediment concentrations of As and Hg can cause adverse effects on biota in the ecosystem since they are above the probable effect level (PEL). Development of strategies for metal attenuation in this reservoir is recommended and metals should be controlled until specific ecotoxicological studies are performed. 相似文献
20.
太湖流域水环境综合治理力度空前,太湖总磷浓度却于2015、2016年重回升势,蓝藻大面积暴发情况也未得到有效遏制.本文从2015和2016年环太湖河道的进出太湖水量、总磷负荷量计算入手,结合雨情、水情、太湖调蓄以及人为影响等各方面因素,分别开展水量和总磷负荷质量的平衡分析.在此基础上,结合20102017年环太湖河流多年平均进出太湖总磷负荷量对比,分析太湖总磷的外源、内源变化趋势及来源,探讨2015和2016年太湖总磷升高的原因及控制重点方向.结果表明,2015和2016年为太湖流域丰水年,尤其是2016年发生特大洪水,太湖年内最高水位达4.87 m,仅次于1999年的4.97 m的历史最高水位.2015和2016年大量外源总磷负荷进入太湖,其中环太湖河道带入的总磷负荷量占年度太湖总磷负荷总量的66.8%和74.2%,成为进入太湖的总磷负荷的主要外源;加之,2015年太湖水生植物收割造成当年沉水植物面积较上年同期下降88.7%,水生植物骤减导致对磷的吸收转化能力下降,滞留在湖体中的总磷负荷量占年度太湖总磷负荷总量的21.5%和27.5%,成为影响太湖水体总磷浓度的重要内源.太湖总磷浓度升高又为太湖蓝藻暴发进一步提供了营养盐基础,亟需强化太湖总磷源头的控制、减少总磷入湖总量. 相似文献