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1.
2018年9月4日新疆伽师发生MS5.5地震，震中处于塔里木地块西北缘，位于1997~1998年伽师强震群震区内。此次伽师地震前发生了MS4.7前震，截至9月30日最大余震震级为MS4.6（ML5.0），初步判定为前-主-余型地震序列。序列精定位结果显示，余震沿近NE向展布，主震震源深度与1997~1998年伽师强震主震基本一致，发震断层陡立。本文从区域的构造环境、地震震源机制解和余震分布特征等方面分析认为，地震发生在伽师隐伏断裂东南端部，为1997~1998年伽师强震群震区的一次新的构造活动。序列参数、视应力等计算结果显示，伽师MS5.5地震的预测最大余震震级与最大余震震级MS4.6接近，表明序列最大余震已经发生。 相似文献
2.
2017年8月9日新疆博尔塔拉州精河县发生MS6.6地震，震中44.3°N、82.9°E，震源深度11km，精河地震发生在库松木契克山前断裂附近，基于远震波形记录反演的震源机制为逆冲型，地质调查结果显示主震破裂未出露地表。利用地震精定位研究余震的空间分布，结果显示，余震展布与库松木契克山前断裂的走向基本吻合，且余震主要分布在主震西侧，单侧破裂特征明显，余震的深度集中在5～15km。基于M-t图分析序列的衰减特征发现，截至2017年8月20日，序列中ML2.0、ML3.0余震相对丰富，衰减基本正常。G-R关系给出的b值为0.54，外推最大余震震级为MS5.6，h值为2.17，均显示该序列为主-余型。MS≥4.0余震的等待时间与发生时间较好地满足双对数线性关系，同样为主-余型地震的特征。断层面上静态滑动量分布相对单一且集中，最大滑动位于沿倾向10km处附近，与地质调查主震断层未出露地表的结果一致，同时也表明主震破裂较充分。基于数字波形资料计算出的余震视应力与震级间很好地符合指数关系，扣除震级变化影响后的序列视应力未出现显著高值，也表明此次破裂的能量释放比较充分。 相似文献
3.
利用甘肃省区域台网提供的地震波形资料，计算甘肃南部地区2010年1月～2017年8月ML≥2.0地震的视应力，分析九寨沟地震前甘南地区视应力的时空演化特征，所得结果如下：①ML2.6～3.1、ML2.0～2.5震级段地震视应力的空间分布具有较好的一致性，九寨沟MS7.0地震前，距震中较近的川甘交界地区的舟曲、文县等地呈现出较为集中的视应力高值异常；②ML2.0～2.5、ML2.6～3.1地震的视应力在大区域范围内随时间的变化趋势有一定差异，ML2.6～3.1地震视应力变化更为明显，在较大区域范围内表现为震前显著升高，而ML2.0～2.5地震视应力则在震前一两年内开始下降；③随着区域划分范围向震中靠近，ML2.0～2.5、ML2.6～3.1地震视应力的变化逐渐趋于一致，至震中附近时，2个震级段视应力均表现为“震前几年长时间升高—临震前几个月下降”的同步变化。 相似文献
4.
2022年1月8日青海省海北州门源县发生MS6.9地震,震中距离2016年1月21日门源MS6.4地震震中约33km,两次门源地震均发生在冷龙岭断裂附近,但在震源机制、主发震断层破裂过程及地震序列余震活动等方面显著不同。针对两次门源地震序列的比较分析,对研究冷龙岭断裂及其附近区域强震序列和余震衰减特征等具有重要研究意义。通过对比分析2022年门源MS6.9地震和2016年门源MS6.4地震余震的时空演化特征,发现二者在震源过程和断层破裂尺度上存在明显差异,前者发震断层破裂充分,震后能量释放充分,余震丰富且震级偏高;而后者发震断层未破裂至地表,余震震级水平偏低。综合分析两次门源地震序列表现出来的差异性,认为其可能与地震发震断层的破裂过程密切相关,且同时受到区域构造环境的影响。 相似文献
5.
2017年8月9日精河发生MS6.6地震，随后发生一系列余震。本文采用PTD方法和新疆测震台网分析的震相数据，基于新疆“2015地壳速度模型”，计算了该地震序列的震源深度，得到MS6.6主震震源深度约为14km，MS≥2.5余震深度为9～18km。所有震相数据来自中国地震台网中心编目数据库。 相似文献
6.
中强地震序列的主震发生后，短时间内受台站距震中较远、尾波干扰和波形重叠等因素的影响，往往会遗漏大量的地震，而地震目录的完整性会直接影响到震后趋势判定和余震序列特征分析的科学性和可靠性。本文利用基于GPU加速的模板匹配方法对2017年8月1～12日的连续波形进行扫描计算，检测九寨沟MS7.0地震前后遗漏的地震事件，选取台网目录中信噪比较高的1033个地震事件作为模板，在主震前7天至震后5天期间识别出4854个检测地震事件，为台网可定位目录的3.3倍，除去对台网单台地震事件的修正外，还检测到1797个遗漏地震事件，将完备震级从1.6级降低到1.4级。基于补充了遗漏地震的完整地震目录，对2017年8月8日九寨沟MS7.0地震序列活动特征进行分析。结果表明，前震序列在主震前短时间内出现了地震活动的密集增强，b值也显示为低值状态，可能是深部断层发生破裂之前的加速蠕动的结果。随着时间的推移，余震序列的完备震级逐渐下降并趋于稳定，b值存在缓慢升高的趋势，未来较长时期内余震序列仍将处于持续衰减的状态。 相似文献
7.
基于新疆区域数字地震台网震相观测报告，采用HypoDD方法精确定位了精河MS6.6地震序列ML≥1.0地震的震源位置，综合分析了此次地震序列的空间分布特征和可能的发震构造。结果显示，主震震中为44.2639°N、82.8294°E，震源初始破裂深度为17.6km；地震序列总体沿近EW（273°）向单侧扩展，展布长度约20km；震源深度优势分布范围为7～17km；沿余震走向的深度剖面显示，主震向西10km范围内，余震震源有逐渐变浅的趋势，余震序列中尾端向SW方向偏转的地震震源较深；垂直于地震序列的深度剖面显示，地震序列自北向南呈现逐渐加深的变化特征，表明发震断层面倾向为S倾。综合考虑中国地震局地球物理研究所给定的震源机制解以及震源区地质构造情况推测，精河MS6.6地震发震构造可能为库松木契克山前断裂东段。 相似文献
8.
使用谱比法计算得到四川长宁地区2018年12月至2019年7月期间442个地震的震源参数,并进一步分析了震源参数之间的相互关系及应力降的时空分布特征。研究区的地震活动主要集中在长宁背斜核部和南部建武向斜页岩气开采区。研究结果显示,该地区ML1.3~4.7地震的应力降位于0.02~7.26MPa范围内,超过90%的地震应力降小于2MPa,应力降总体呈现随震级增大而增大的趋势,但与震源深度的关系并不明显。长宁MS6.0地震发生之前,震源区地震的应力降总体处于较低水平,主震发生之后,短期内余震的应力降较高,随后快速衰减。这些高应力降地震空间上主要集中在长宁余震区的西北段,也是余震强度较大、发生了几次MS>5.0强余震的位置。建武向斜页岩气开采区地震的应力降总体略低于长宁背斜地区,但差异并不显著。 相似文献
9.
针对九寨沟MS7.0地震之后不同时间段的余震序列目录，利用推定最大余震震级，给出了实际最大余震震级的估计值。结果表明，推定最大余震震级随主震后时间尺度的延长而趋于稳定，且该值与实际发生的最大余震的震级一致。需要强调的是，就九寨沟地震序列而言，当余震数据较为完备时，采用主震后较短时间段内（1～2天）的余震目录就可以较准确地估算出主震区域内可能发生的最大余震震级。实际上，主震后12h（0.5天）的余震数据已完全可以给出最大余震震级的有效下限。此外，计算中我们采用了里氏震级ML和面波震级MS的余震目录，结果显示，2种震级类型目录的估算结果完全一致，表明利用推定最大余震震级估算实际最大余震震级的方法不受震级类型的影响。据此，该最大余震震级快速评估方法可进一步推广应用于我国大陆地区中强震后强余震灾害分析评估中。目前的拟合技术也显示出随着测震技术的不断进步以及余震识别能力的提高，快速评估方法可以在主震后短时间（<1天）内准确地预测可能发生的最大余震震级。 相似文献
10.
2022年9月19日墨西哥米却肯州发生MW7.6地震,该地震位于北美板块与科科斯板块交汇处。为进一步研究本次地震对周围断层和后续地震的影响,剖析该地震的孕震背景和发生条件,首先使用包括USGS在内的多个国外地震机构得到的墨西哥MW7.6地震以及后续的两次MW＞5.0地震的震源机制解,分别计算出震源机制中心解,然后通过计算主震产生库伦破裂应力变化来研究本次地震对后续两次地震的触发作用,最后收集了1976年1月1日至2022年5月31日发生在本次地震附近的MW≥4.9的29条震源机制解数据,反演该地区的构造应力场,并模拟在局部构造及其作用下产生的各种断层形状及相对正应力和剪应力的分布情况。研究结果表明:①震源机制中心解表明主震和6.8级余震为逆冲型地震,而5.8级余震的震源机制为正断型地震; ②本次地震对5.8级和6.8级余震的库伦破裂力变化均超过0.01MPa的阈值,表明这两次强余震可能是在主震的触发下发生的; ③震源区应力场的主压应力轴为NNE-SSW向,主张应力轴近乎垂直。本地震序列的断层破裂近乎沿应力场的最大剪应力平面发生,最大限度地释放了构造运动积累的应力。 相似文献
11.
During surveillance on the toxicity of invertebrates such as bivalves inhabiting the coasts of Hiroshima Bay in 2001 and 2002, the carnivorous gastropod rapa whelk Rapana venosa collected in the estuary of Nikoh River, was found to contain toxins which showed paralytic actions in mice; the maximum toxicities (as paralytic shellfish poison, PSP) were 4.2 MU/g (May 2001) and 11.4 MU/g (April 2002). Their total toxicities were 224 and 206 MU/viscera of one specimen throughout the monitoring period. Attempts were made to identify the toxic principle in the gastropod. The viscera were extracted with 80% ethanol acidified with acetic acid, followed by defatting with dichloromethane. The aqueous layer obtained was treated with activated charcoal and then applied to a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The unbound toxic fraction was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. The gastropod toxin was rather unexpectedly identified as PSP. It was comprised of high toxic component (gonyautoxin-3; GTX3, GTX2, saxitoxin; STX) as the major components, which accounted for approximately 91 mol% of all components along with C1 and C2, which are N-sulfocarbamoyl derivatives. Judging from their toxin patterns, it is suggested that the PSP toxification mechanism of the gastropod that PSP toxins produced by phytoplankton such as Alexandrium tamarense, are transferred to and accumulated in plankton feeders such as the short-necked clam, and then transferred to this carnivorous rapa whelk R. venosa through predation. 相似文献
12.
An Aphanomyces sp. (Oomycetes) was found to be an important egg parasite of Eudiaptomus gracilis (Copepoda) in Lake Mondsee (Austria). The infection is evidenced by densely packed infection hyphae, attached with holdfasts and wrapped around the female's abdomen. The infection hyphae give rise to hyphae which penetrate the egg sac, and subsequently kill all eggs. The infection obviously has no pathogenetic effects on the egg-carrying female. Infected females appear during summer and fall, mainly in warm water layers. Infected egg clutches are found at all seasons of the year, indicating considerable birth control of the Eudiaptomus population by parasite infection. It seems possible that the actual Aphanomyces sp. is not the only parasite involved. 相似文献
13.
The littoral plankton of Lake Peipsi (3555 km2, mean depth 7.1 m) was studied in summer 1980 and 2000–2002, and the epiphyton was studied on two dominating macrophytes, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Potamogeton perfoliatus L., in 2000. The purpose of the study was to estimate to what extent the littoral phytoplankton and epiphytic algae (their biomass, chlorophyll a content and dominant species) can be used as a criterion for the trophic state of the lake. In wind-open areas, phytoplankton biomass in the littoral is commonly more than ten times higher than in open water due to the presence of the macroscopic cyanobacterium Gloeotrichia echinulata (J.S. Smith) P. Richter. This alga is abundant in the moderately eutrophic northern lake's part and rare in the strongly eutrophic southern part; hence also biomass in the southern part is considerably lower. In open water, phytoplankton biomass increases southward with increasing trophy. Algal biomass in the littoral depends on wind direction and can change completely in a few days. Epiphyton biomass and Chla content increased southward with increasing trophic state. They both revealed significant Spearman correlations (P < 0.05) with wind index and transparency (negative), and with abundance of the host plant, both reed and pondweed (positive). The phytoplankton biomass of the littoral of the large and shallow Lake Peipsi can not be used as a criterion of trophic state, however, the species composition of the dominants, particularly cyanobacteria, is well applicable for this purpose. The biomass and Chla content of the epiphyton can be used as a criterion for trophic state. 相似文献
14.
Tameshige Tsukuda 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,128(1-2):261-279
To detect any temporal change in coda-Q associated with an earthquake of M 6.2, digitized data from analog magnetic records of microearthquakes for a small confined region just around its hypocenter have been processed, with special attention to measuring errors. The M 6.2 earthquake took place at the Misasa town, Tottori Prefecture, in southwest Japan with preceding anomalous seismicity changes. TheQ values were elevated 20% around three years before the M 6.2 event for frequencies of 5 to 20 Hz, and tended to decrease around two years before. Data with high quality show undulated temporal variation with a period of 5–6 years before the earthquake, which is correlated with the regional seismic activity. There is a possibility that the observedQ change stands for precursory effect of the medium-scale earthquake. The aftershock sequence also shows an undulated temporal variation ofQ with a period of 150 days for around 10Hz, correlating also with the seismic activity. The fracturing processes by numerous microearthquakes may be responsible for the attenuation property of randomly scattered seismic waves. 相似文献
15.
Eliška Rejmánková Ji?í Komárek Margaret Dix Jaroslava Komárková Nancy Girón 《Limnologica》2011,41(4):296-302
Lake Atitlan, one of the most important lakes not only in Central America but in the whole world, is facing serious problems with increasing water pollution. Over the last several decades, the uncontrolled nutrient input into the lake has lead to high P levels and low N:P ratios, initiating cyanobacterial blooms. The first bloom occurred in December of 2008, followed by more extensive bloom in October 2009. The blooms are formed by cyanobacteria from the rare planktic Lyngbya hieronymusii/birgei/robusta complex. Based on the species morphology, the Atitlan population corresponds to L. robusta and this is the first case of reported bloom of this species worldwide. Remote sensing images documented that at the maximum bloom development, 40% of the 137 km2 of the lake area were covered by dense patches of Lyngbya, with the chlorophyll a concentration reaching over 100 μg L−1. The only toxins detected in the 2009 bloom were trace levels of cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin with 12 and 58 ng g−1, respectively. The nitrogen fixation followed a pattern expected in non-heterocytous cyanobacteria, i.e., the nitrogenase activity was minimal during the day, while during the night the activity reached 2.2 nmol C2H4 μg Ch a−1 h−1. Delta 15N of −0.86‰ was well in the range given for nitrogen fixing organisms. The cell C, N and P content was 36.7%, 5.9% and 0.9%, respectively, resulting in the molar ratio of 105:14.4:1. A well designed and executed lake monitoring program, strict control of nutrient input into the lake, and public education are the necessary prerequisites for potential prevention of even more severe blooms than the one from 2009. 相似文献
16.
Rh. germanica is a European species that, due to human impacts, has progressively disappeared from its original territories and is now considered rare. In SwitzerlandRh. germanica has disappeared from the Aare, Broye and Kleine Emme rivers and is actually found in a limited reach of the River Rhine and some of its tributaries (Limmat, Sihl, Thur and Töss rivers).Rh. germanica is a univoltine species, hatching probably in summer. The emergence occurs from February to the beginning of April. It takes place on the water surface. Laboratory observations have shown that the subimaginal stage lasts four days.Rh. germanica occurs on different substrate types, ranging from stones and cobbles to pebbles and gravel. The larvae are more abundant in zones of erosion with coarse and porous sediments than in depositional zones with fine sediments and silts. They are most abundant in riffles with water velocities from 20 to 150 cm/sec. The species tolerates moderately organic-polluted waters.The particular strategy concerning growth and emergence ofRh. germanica is also discussed. 相似文献
17.
Floristic surveys, vegetation mapping, and detailed transect analyses rendered a macrophyte flora of 14 native and five alien taxa of flowering plants in the River Erft, a contributory of the River Rhine in Northrhine-Westphalia. Water temperatures of this river do not fall below 10 °C all the year round, for reasons of geothermically heated water discharged from nearby opencast mining areas. Macrophyte stand structures, composed of the neophytes Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta (floating) and Myriophyllum aquaticum, Egeria densa, and Vallisneria spiralis (rooted in the muddy or sandy ground of the river) are described and the ecological requirements of these taxa are characterized. The alien species can be seen as elements that increase the α-diversity of the aquatic vegetation of the River Erft. They do not replace any of the native species, even if shifts in the competition dynamics occur. The colonization by neophytes of the abnormally warmed River Erft can be appreciated as paradigmatic for trends in the macrophyte vegetation of medium-sized rivers in Central Europe when climate-related or discharge-based heating of the waterbody occurs and propagules of alien plants imported by waterfowl or – more important – plants from aquarium waste will find suitable places of existence and spread. 相似文献
18.
The weight-specific respiration rate (μl O2 mg−1 AFDW h−1) of three species of leech from Lake Esrom, Denmark, Glossiphonia concolor, G. complanata and Helobdella stagnalis was measured in a closed stirred chamber with a micro electrode. At declining oxygen concentration (mg O2 l−1) all three species expressed moderate ability to regulate respiration, in G. concolor and G. complanata down to 2 mg O2 l−1, in H. stagnalis down to 0.75 mg O2 l−1. Survival in anoxia was measured in closed bottles. The time to 50% survival (LD50) was 30 days in G. concolor at 20 °C and 30 and 4 days in H. stagnalis at 10 and 20 °C, respectively. The results were discussed in relation to habitat and spatial distribution of the three species in the lake. 相似文献
19.
A. Hofstetter A. Shapira K. Bulehite T. Jones K. Mafi A. Malitzky A. Papabatu G. Prasad M. Regnier G. Shorten A. Singh M. Stephen L. Vuetibau 《Journal of Seismology》2000,4(3):285-296
We studied the relationships between the frequency ofoccurrence and the magnitudes in seismogenic areasthat will affect four capital cities in the SouthPacific, namely: Honiara in Solomon Islands, Port Vilain Vanuatu, Suva in Fiji and Nuku'alofa in Tonga. Weused the NEIS catalogues for the period 1973–1997, formagnitudes greater than about 5, in the proximity tothe city under investigation. The definitions of thegeographic boundaries of the seismogenic zones arebased on the classical concepts of the distribution ofthe tectonic plates, the overwhelming number ofstudies that describe the seismotectonics in thoseactive regions and on the observed seismicity andstudies of the local people. Completeness of thecatalogue is assumed because of the high seismicity inthese areas, despite the relatively short time span.We have used a hybrid process combining least squaresfitting and Newtonian search process to find the bestfit of the statistical parameters. The characteristicb value is 1.27, and seems to be irrespective of thedepth and/or region. 相似文献
20.
Pollution of the water environment by mining waters is a problem not only in Poland, but worldwide. This study investigated the mollusc communities in seven mining subsidence reservoirs affected by coal mine output (the Katowicka Upland, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland). The objective of the survey was to determine the relationship between the molluscs and their environments and to evaluate the ecological-conservation value of freshwater habitats which support rare and vulnerable molluscs. From 1993 to 2005, 23 mollusc species were recorded. Our result confirmed an invasion by Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843), whose density varied from 2 to 2422 individuals/m2 in the waters of the Katowicka Upland. A few rare and vulnerable species were found, e.g. Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758), Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ferrissia wautieri (Mirolli, 1960), Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758), Musculium lacustre (O.F. Müller, 1774) or Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791). Principal component analysis showed a positive correlation between mollusc density and pH, the concentration of chlorides, the total hardness, alkalinity and total dissolved solids, and a negative correlation between the number of species and phosphates. Because of the distinctive environmental features of the mining subsidence reservoirs in Czułów, the research area has provided a refuge for wildlife. 相似文献