共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
区域耦合模式FROALS模拟的西北太平洋热带气旋潜势分布与年际变率:耦合与非耦合试验比较 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
热带气旋潜势指数可以合理刻画热带气旋生成的位置与范围, 被广泛应用于评估气候系统模式对热带气旋的模拟。本文使用区域海—气耦合模式FROALS对西北太平洋地区1982～2007年的积分结果, 检验了该模式对热带气旋潜势指数的气候态和年际变率模拟能力, 并从决定热带气旋潜势的五个变量角度, 分析了造成模式模拟偏差的原因。结果表明, 模式可以合理再现西北太平洋地区热带气旋潜势指数的分布, 但由于西北太平洋季风槽模拟偏弱且耦合后模拟海温偏冷, 使得耦合试验模拟的热带气旋潜势指数分布偏弱, 尽管较之单独大气模式, 其模拟的空间分布有改善。在年际变率方面, 模式可以合理再现年际变率中热带气旋潜势指数对ENSO的响应, 且耦合模式优于单独大气模式, 分析表明其原因在于耦合模式模拟的850 hPa季风槽强度与年际变率优于单独大气模式。因此区域耦合模式在模拟热带气旋指数年际变率方面相较大气模式有优势。 相似文献
2.
热带气旋潜势指数是定量表征影响热带气旋生成的大尺度环境条件指标,在不能显式模拟热带气旋的气候系统模式中,常被作为热带气旋的代用指标。基于中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的AGCM GAMIL2.0模式在历史海温驱动下的积分结果,评估了该模式对热带气旋潜势气候态、季节循环和年际变率的模拟能力。并分别从影响热带气旋潜势分布的热力因子(相对湿度、热带气旋最大风速)和动力因子(垂直风切变、绝对涡度、垂直抬升速度)的角度,讨论了造成热带气旋潜势模拟误差的原因。结果表明,在西北太平洋地区,模式能够合理再现热带气旋潜势的气候态分布,但由于GAMIL2.0模拟的相对湿度偏大且向东延伸,造成了热带气旋潜势大值区较之再分析资料偏大且偏东10°。由于GAMIL2.0模拟的季风槽位置偏北偏强,导致模拟的热带气旋潜势季节循环北进偏早而南退偏晚。在年际变化方面,GAMIL2.0能合理模拟出热带气旋潜势在ENSO正负位相东西反向的变化特征,但位于20°—30°N的加强和减弱区的分界线偏西,这与模拟的垂直速度和相对湿度的模拟误差有关,进一步分析表明,这是由于模拟中ENSO事件期间的西北太平洋异常上升中心比观测偏西且偏强造成的。 相似文献
3.
对1950-2010年影响浙西南的热带气旋降水的移动路径、影响时间、强度、西风槽、西南季风以及地形等主要因子进行分析.结果表明:在玉环南-厦门一带登陆的热带气旋是影响浙西南的热带气旋中正面影响浙西南的类型,影响时间和最大平均过程降雨量、最大过程雨量存在着正相关关系,热带气旋的强度与其降水强度相关性较高.西风槽的存在不仅影响着热带气旋路径的变化,其槽前的西南气流也为热带气旋降水提供充足的水汽,同时槽后冷空气与热带气旋相结合,使丽水的西北部出现另一个强降水中心.西南季风为登陆后的热带气旋提供了水汽条件,使降水得到增幅.浙西南独特的地形,使在厦门以北到玉环以南登陆后西进、西北行或西北行后在120°E以西转向北上的热带气旋迎着山脉进入,降水强度明显加强. 相似文献
4.
基于IBTrACS提供的热带气旋最佳路径数据集,在统计分析历史热带气旋的发生年频次、发生位置、路径移动及强度变化等的基础上,建立了西北太平洋热带气旋轨迹合成模型。模型包括生成模型、移动模型、消亡模型及强度模型4个部分,并从地理轨迹密度、年登陆率、登陆风速分布三个方面,对模拟的气旋路径与历史气旋路径进行比较,以验证模型的准确性和可靠性。结果表明,构建的西北太平洋热带气旋全路径统计模拟模型稳健可靠,可进一步应用于研究区热带气旋的定量精细化的风险评估,能提高气旋风险灾害评估的可信度。 相似文献
5.
1965-2010年7-9月影响中国的热带气旋降水变化趋势分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用中国气象局逐日台站降水和上海台风研究所最佳台风路径等资料,对1965—2010年夏季(7—9月)影响中国热带气旋降水的变化趋势及影响机制进行了分析。热带气旋降水主要影响中国东部和南部,夏季平均的热带气旋降水由沿海向内陆,由东南向西北递减。自1965年以来,夏季影响中国的热带气旋降水呈现华东及东南沿海增多,华南沿海、海南岛以及西南地区减少的变化趋势。分析发现,一方面夏季西北太平洋副热带高压加强西伸,导致同期中国东部地区上空水汽辐合增强;另一方面热带气旋的引导气流发生变化,使夏季热带气旋盛行路径由南海向东亚沿岸偏移,这两个因子的共同作用致使影响中国的热带气旋降水发生变化。 相似文献
6.
利用夏威夷大学IPRC高分辨率区域气候模式,对西北太平洋热带主要气旋活动季节(6—10月)热带气旋活动的特征及其大尺度环境场进行了17年的模拟试验,检验了模式对西北太平洋热带气旋的潜在季节预测能力。试验结果表明,该模式对西北太平洋热带气旋大尺度环境场具有较好的刻画能力,模拟的热带气旋年生成频数与实况的相关系数为0.77,季节内各月生成频数相关系数为0.82,显示出良好的潜在预测能力;生成源地分布与实况较一致;总能量(PDI)的年际变化趋势模拟也较为理想。但模拟的路径频数在南海地区明显偏多,北上热带气旋偏少,最大风速的峰值区间模拟效果较差。 相似文献
7.
温室气体浓度增加情景下西北太平洋热带气旋变化的模拟分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用德国Max-Planck气象研究所参与政府间气候变化委员会(The Intergovernmental Panelon Cli-mate Change,IPCC)第四次评估报告的气候系统模式(ECHAM5/MPI-OM)的数值模拟结果,分析研究了全球增暖背景下西北太平洋热带气旋的变化。结果表明,ECHAM5模式较好的模拟出了热带气旋的基本结构和频数的分布特征。当大气中CO2浓度增加时,热带气旋中心的最低气压升高,850hPa正涡度降低,风速减小,风场出现反气旋性环流异常,暖心强度减弱,气旋的低层径向流入和高层径向流出减少,气旋总体强度减弱。CO2浓度的增加会总体上减少西北太平洋热带气旋的生成频数,从模拟结果看年均减少10个左右。就CO2浓度增加对热带气旋频数季节变化的影响而言,CO2浓度增加所引起气旋频数减少较平均的分配到多个月份里,表明CO2浓度增加引起的大气环流异常在全年都会对西北太平洋热带气旋的发生频数产生影响。分析加拿大参加IPCC第四次评估报告的CGCM3.1(T47)模拟资料,其结果与ECHAM5资料得到的结果大致相似。 相似文献
8.
近30年影响我国东南沿海的热带气旋降水强度变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用中国地面台站逐日降水资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的热带气旋最佳路径资料研究了1978～2007年影响我国热带气旋降水强度的变化及其对我国东南沿海盛夏降水变化的影响.近30年影响我国东南沿海盛夏的热带气旋降水增加是导致我国东南沿海盛夏降水显著增加的主要原因.仅从热带气旋降水来看,东南沿海和内陆(包括江西、湖南东部和湖北南部)热带气旋降水强度显著增加,而影响热带气旋降水频次略有增加.通过对雨量站与引起降水热带气旋的中心距离的变化分析发现:内陆地区影响热带气旋距离显著下降,近距离热带气旋引起降水的增加,是该区域热带气旋降水强度增加的主要来源;而东南沿海地区近距离热带气旋降水增加不明显,热带气旋降水强度的增加主要由于同距离热带气旋降水强度的增加.热带气旋经过频次的空间的变化结果证实,近30年经过中国沿海的TC个数变化不大,仅福建沿海一带略有增加,而内陆地区则增加明显,且经过该区域时热带气旋移动速度变慢,这均与该区域近距离热带气旋降水的增加一致. 相似文献
9.
利用ERA-Interim再分析数据提供侧边界条件,驱动Hadley气候预测与研究中心研发的PRECIS区域气候模拟系统,检验PRECIS对1996-2005年西北太平洋热带气旋活动的模拟能力.经与实况资料的对比结果表明:PRECIS能够有效模拟影响热带气旋活动的热力与动力环境场以及西北太平洋热带气旋生成与路径的分布特征;模拟的热带气旋逐年生成频数与实况相比,相关性显著,生成频数空间分布的高值区与实况对应一致;模拟的路径频数分布与实况相比总体一致.但模拟的中国南海海域生成的热带气旋与实况相比偏多,路径频数集中在南海东北部;模拟热带气旋的北移路径偏少,强度偏弱. 相似文献
10.
采用1951—2005年热带气旋和广东省26个测站降水的观测资料,分析了广东热带气旋及其降水的年代际变化特征。结果表明:广东热带气旋降水存在峰值为25年左右的振荡周期,影响广东的热带气旋个数和西北太平洋上热带气旋的形成个数都存在峰值为23年左右的振荡周期;广东热带气旋降水的年代际变化与影响广东的热带气旋个数和西北太平洋上热带气旋的形成个数存在高度正相关;广东热带气旋降水的年代际变化与西太平洋部分区域的年平均SST的年代际变化和北太平洋中高纬部分地区的年平均500 hPa位势高度的年代际变化存在显著的负相关;广东热带气旋降水偏少时期与降水偏多时期相比,一般赤道中、东太平洋的平均SST相对较高,而北太平洋中纬度地区的平均SST相对较低,北太平洋上的东亚大槽相对较强。 相似文献
11.
The possible changes of tropical cyclone(TC) tracks and their influence on the future basin-wide intensity of TCs over the western North Pacific(WNP) are examined based on the projected large-scale environments derived from a selection of CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) models. Specific attention is paid to the performance of the CMIP5 climate models in simulating the large-scale environment for TC development over the WNP. A downscaling system including individual models for simulating the TC track and intensity is used to select the CMIP5 models and to simulate the TC activity in the future.The assessment of the future track and intensity changes of TCs is based on the projected large-scale environment in the21 st century from a selection of nine CMIP5 climate models under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5(RCP4.5)scenario. Due to changes in mean steering flows, the influence of TCs over the South China Sea area is projected to decrease,with an increasing number of TCs taking a northwestward track. Changes in prevailing tracks and their contribution to basin-wide intensity change show considerable inter-model variability. The influences of changes in prevailing track make a marked contribution to TC intensity change in some models, tending to counteract the effect of SST warming. This study suggests that attention should be paid to the simulated large-scale environment when assessing the future changes in regional TC activity based on climate models. In addition, the change in prevailing tracks should be considered when assessing future TC intensity change. 相似文献
12.
This study evaluates the performance of the regional climate model RegCM4 in simulating tropical cyclone (TC) activities over the Western North Pacific (WNP) and their landfalling in China. The model is driven by ERA-Interim boundary conditions at a grid spacing of 25 km, with the simulation period as 1991–2010. Results show that RegCM4 performs well in capturing the main structural features of observed TCs, and in simulating the genesis number and annual cycle of the genesis. The model reproduces the general pattern of the observed TC tracks and occurrence frequency. However, significant underestimation of the occurrence frequency as well as the TC intensity is found. Number of the landfalling TCs over China is also much less than the observed. Bias of the model in reproducing the large-scale circulation pattern and steering flow may contribute to the underestimated landfalling TC numbers. 相似文献
13.
基于区域气候模式RegCM4对4个全球气候模式动力降尺度模拟（分别记为CdR、EdR、HdR、MdR）以及高分辨率格点观测数据CN05.1的日降水数据,利用“追踪式”客观识别方法,对1981—2005年中国区域性暴雨事件进行了识别,并评估了模式对其气候特征的模拟性能。结果表明：4个动力降尺度模拟以及多模式集合能较好地模拟区域性暴雨事件发生频次、平均持续时间、平均降水量、平均影响范围和综合强度的年内分布特征以及气候平均值。观测的区域性暴雨事件持续时间、平均降水量、平均影响范围和综合强度在不同区间的频率分布特征以及区域性暴雨事件的累计频次、累计持续时间和累计降水量的空间分布特征也能得到很好地再现。模拟值与观测的空间相关系数都在0.9以上,且均方根误差不超过0.4。不过,相对而言,模式模拟的区域性暴雨事件频次略少,主要由对中度区域性暴雨事件低估所致;模拟的平均持续时间和平均降水量略偏高,而平均影响范围略偏小。综合强度方面,除HdR外,其余模拟均有所高估,尤其是MdR。在频率分布特征和空间分布方面,CdR的模拟性能低于其他模拟。多模式集合模拟的平均持续时间、平均降水量、平均影响范围和综合强度的相对误差分别为13%、2%、-11%和3%。 相似文献
14.
15.
Summary Regional climate model and statistical downscaling procedures are used to generate winter precipitation changes over Romania
for the period 2071–2100 (compared to 1961–1990), under the IPCC A2 and B2 emission scenarios. For this purpose, the ICTP
regional climate model RegCM is nested within the Hadley Centre global atmospheric model HadAM3H. The statistical downscaling
method is based on the use of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to construct climate change scenarios for winter precipitation
over Romania from two predictors, sea level pressure and specific humidity (either used individually or together). A technique
to select the most skillful model separately for each station is proposed to optimise the statistical downscaling signal.
Climate fields from the A2 and B2 scenario simulations with the HadAM3H and RegCM models are used as input to the statistical
downscaling model. First, the capability of the climate models to reproduce the observed link between winter precipitation
over Romania and atmospheric circulation at the European scale is analysed, showing that the RegCM is more accurate than HadAM3H
in the simulation of Romanian precipitation variability and its connection with large-scale circulations. Both models overestimate
winter precipitation in the eastern regions of Romania due to an overestimation of the intensity and frequency of cyclonic
systems over Europe. Climate changes derived directly from the RegCM and HadAM3H show an increase of precipitation during
the 2071–2100 period compared to 1961–1990, especially over northwest and northeast Romania. Similar climate change patterns
are obtained through the statistical downscaling method when the technique of optimum model selected separately for each station
is used. This adds confidence to the simulated climate change signal over this region. The uncertainty of results is higher
for the eastern and southeastern regions of Romania due to the lower HadAM3H and RegCM performance in simulating winter precipitation
variability there as well as the reduced skill of the statistical downscaling model. 相似文献
16.
This study evaluates the potential use of the regional climate model version 3 (RegCM3) driven by (1) the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data during 1982–2001 and (2) the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFS2) hindcast data during 2000–2010 in forecasting Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) activity. The first experiment is conducted to investigate the ability of the model in generating a good climatology of TC activity in spatial and temporal scales, so the model could be used in the second experiment to test its ability in forecasting TC genesis and landfall. Both experiments extend through the May to October WNP-TC season. Results show that the use of RegCM3 driven by the CFSR achieves a better simulation on the temporal and spatial variation of WNP-TC genesis during 1982–2001, as compared to previous studies using the same model but driven by the ERA40 reanalysis. In addition, diagnoses on the use of RegCM3 driven by the CFS2 point out that the 2000–2010 WNP-TC genesis locations and numbers from the model are very similar to those from the observations. The skill of RegCM3 in the forecasts of landfalling TCs is higher over the Southeast Asian region than over the other sub-regions of East Asia. Potential causes for such regional differences are discussed. Most importantly, statistical analyses show that the use of RegCM3 driven by the CFS2 gives a better forecast skill than the use of CFS2 alone for the prediction of WNP-TCs making landfall in East Asia. This indicates that the use of a dynamical downscaling method for the global forecast data would likely lead to a higher forecast skill of regional TC landfalls in most of the East Asian region. 相似文献
17.
FGOALS/RegCM动力降尺度对南亚夏季气候变化的预估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于CORDEX计划的试验设计,利用区域气候模式Reg CM3对全球模式FGOALS-g2在RCP8.5情景下的预估结果进行动力降尺度,预估了南亚地区未来近期(2016~2035年)和远期(2080~2099年)的夏季气候变化特征。结果显示,未来两个时段的气候变化空间分布类似,只是远期的变化幅度更大。具体表现为:高低空急流减弱,低空急流中心向北移动。南亚地区整体降水减少,但其北部降水显著增加。降水变化的空间分布主要受降水频率的控制,且降水频率随强度分布的变化表现出明显的地域差异。降水的未来变化特征与水汽输送的变化有密切联系。在区域模式中,受低空急流减弱和北移的影响,水汽输送减弱,对应降水减少。而在全球模式中,虽然季风环流也在减弱,但可降水量增加起主导作用,使得预估的水汽输送增强、降水量增加。 相似文献
18.
Shaoying LI Jun PENG Weimin ZHANG Jianping WU Qiang YAO Xiangrong YANG Tengling LUO 《大气科学进展》2023,40(3):464-482
The accurate forecasting of tropical cyclones(TCs) is a challenging task. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a dry-mass conserving(DMC) hydrostatic global spectral dynamical core on TC simulation. Experiments were conducted with DMC and total(moist) mass conserving(TMC) dynamical cores. The TC forecast performance was first evaluated considering 20 TCs in the West Pacific region observed during the 2020 typhoon season. The impacts of the DMC dynamical core on forecasts o... 相似文献
19.
Multi-decadal high resolution simulations over the CORDEX East Asia domain were performed with the regional climate model RegCM3 nested within the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Grid-point Version 2 (FGOALS-g2). Two sets of simulations were conducted at the resolution of 50 km, one for present day (1980–2005) and another for near-future climate (2015–40) under the Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. Results show that RegCM3 adds value with respect to FGOALS-g2 in simulating the spatial patterns of summer total and extreme precipitation over China for present day climate. The major deficiency is that RegCM3 underestimates both total and extreme precipitation over the Yangtze River valley. The potential changes in total and extreme precipitation over China in summer under the RCP8.5 scenario were analyzed. Both RegCM3 and FGOALS-g2 results show that total and extreme precipitation tend to increase over northeastern China and the Tibetan Plateau, but tend to decrease over southeastern China. In both RegCM3 and FGOALS-g2, the change in extreme precipitation is weaker than that for total precipitation. RegCM3 projects much stronger amplitude of total and extreme precipitation changes and provides more regional-scale features than FGOALS-g2. A large uncertainty is found over the Yangtze River valley, where RegCM3 and FGOALS-g2 project opposite signs in terms of precipitation changes. The projected change of vertically integrated water vapor flux convergence generally follows the changes in total and extreme precipitation in both RegCM3 and FGOALS-g2, while the amplitude of change is stronger in RegCM3. Results suggest that the spatial pattern of projected precipitation changes may be more affected by the changes in water vapor flux convergence, rather than moisture content itself. 相似文献