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对利用静止气象卫星云导风系统生成的云迹风资料与无线电探空风资料对比分析 ,估计云迹风资料的可靠性与精度。选取2001年5～7月间12天共16个时次的资料 ,采用临近层比较法 ,对气象卫星的红外图像云迹风与水汽图像的轨迹风计算结果分别与探空风进行对比分析 ,水汽图像的导风效果略好于红外图像。把云迹风矢和探空风矢分为高、低空两层 ,分别统计给出高、低空云迹风的误差 ,在高空 ,风速误差大、风向误差小 ;在低空 ,风速误差小 ,风向误差大。对卫星云迹风与无线电探空风的最佳层比较 ,在最佳层的风速误差均方根与风向差绝对平均值均明显地减小。 相似文献
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逐时云迹风资料同化对暴雨预报的模拟试验 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
文中基于不同的云迹风同化方案,用GRAPES模式对2005年7月11-12日长江中下游一次暴雨强降水过程进行了云迹风资料同化试验及数值模拟,通过对比分析不同方案所得的分析场及预报场的差异,研究逐时云迹风资料三维变分同化对分析场及暴雨预报的影响.首先,根据连续性原理及双通道各层次云迹风资料的误差分析,分3个步骤对7月11日00:00-12:00 UTC共12个时次的双通道云迹风资料进行了初步的质量控制;然后,把经过质量控制的云迹风资料放入基于GRAPES 3D-VAR三维变分同化方案开发的逐小时循环同化系统中进行同化,将得出的分析场与单一时次未经质量控制的云迹风资料同化得出的分析场进行对比,探讨了逐时云迹风资料同化对数值预报分析场的影响;最后,把同化后的分析场作为初始场,用 GRAPES模式对 2005年7月11-12日长江流域暴雨过程做24 h降水预报试验,分析两个同化方案所模拟得到的预报场的差异.结果表明,经资料的筛选、同经纬度单点通道的选择及资料的稀疏化3个步骤控制后,各层次云迹风资料的误差有明显减小;加入经质量控制的逐时云迹风资料其三维变分同化可以提高分析场中风压场及水汽场的质量;而且在暴雨预报试验中可以相对更准确地预报暴雨落区及雨强. 相似文献
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利用统计方法分析我国FY-2C静止卫星红外、水汽通道云迹风资料的数量和误差分布特征,通过分别统计昼夜、不同区域、冬夏季和不同年份的资料分布情况,得到以下主要结论:(1)云迹风资料在白天和黑夜80%以上的可用点资料都集中在200~300 hPa,但白天的资料总个数多于黑夜;误差统计结果表明在资料比较集中层次,昼夜的平均误差、标准误差和均方根误差变化趋势相近。(2)不同区域云迹风资料可用点的数量垂直分布差异不明显,而不可用点的数量分布差异很大;同时发现两个区域的3种误差表现出一定的区域性特征,高原地区的误差整体小于低海拔地区的。(3)冬夏季的统计结果表明云迹风资料在冬、夏季资料总个数及垂直分布变化不同,夏季资料个数多,且主要分布在200~300hPa,而冬季主要分布在100hPa和400hPa;误差统计结果表明夏季误差小、冬季误差大。(4)不同年份的数量统计表明:2005年和2008年的资料个数变化不大,但是IR1资料的数量垂直分布差异很大,而IR3的差异不明显;误差统计结果表明2008年云迹风资料的均方根误差整体比2005年的小。(5)在误差分析中发现,无论IR1资料还是IR3资料都存在一定的平均误差,但标准误差,即随机误差仍是产生均方根误差的主要原因。 相似文献
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FY-2E云迹风资料的高度调整对“灿都”(1003)台风路径数值预报影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
首先分析了FY-2E云迹风资料在不同高度上的分布,并利用背景场信息对云迹风资料的高度进行整体调整,然后进行数值对比试验,即将高度调整前和高度调整后的云迹风资料分别同化到GRAPES-3DVAR系统中,比较分析同化这两种资料对2010年7月21日0000 UTC—23日0000 UTC的台风路径预报的影响。结果表明,在垂直方向上,500 hPa以上才有云迹风资料,大约在300 hPa的资料最多;文中提出的重定高方法能有效地重新调整云迹风资料的高度,调整后的云迹风分布没有明显的矛盾,分布合理;同化重定高后的云迹风资料后,尤其是水汽通道的云迹风资料,能合理地对初始风场进行调整,使"灿都"台风周围的引导气流有利于其向实测路径靠近,进而有效改进台风路径预报。 相似文献
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本文利用雅安地区暴雨落区预报方法研究课题,在1989年夏季进行的中尺度观测试验中的高空风资料和1955～1957年夏季雅安地区气象台的高空风资料,分别与相应的成都高空风资料进行了统计研究,并分析了雅安“天漏”(暴雨)时高空风的变化。结果发现:在850～700hPa,背风而立,雅安风向偏于成都之右,风速略偏小,500hPa风向偏于成都之左,风速略偏大,白天的风向和风速偏差均大于夜间;雅安“天漏”时,地面～400m为偏东风,5500m为偏西南风,1000～5500m为偏西南风暖平流;暴雨中比暴雨前,1000～5500m,各层的风和热成风的风向均发生显著的气旋式(逆时针)偏转,风速增大。 相似文献
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利用地面观测资料、雷达资料、FY-2G卫星云图资料及欧洲中心细网格资料,对台风利奇马登陆北上引发山东特大暴雨的成因进行分析。发现:利奇马登陆北上过程中,冷空气先后从台风的西部、西南部与南部侵入至台风中心内部,使其暖心结构逐渐减弱,其变性时段发生在10日20:00至11日08:00。山东的特大暴雨主要出现在台风变性前12h至台风变性后6h。变性之前的暴雨主要是由于台风螺旋云带与高空槽尾部云系相叠加造成的,变性之后的暴雨则是由于冷空气侵入致使台风外围云系演变成强对流复合体造成的。变性之前,对流层内800～500hPa风速小,500～250hPa风速大,气层内有暖平流,整层的上升运动,降水以暖区对流降水为主;变性之后800～500hPa风速大,500～250hPa风速小,500hPa至地面是上升运动,以上为下沉运动,降水以斜压锋区附近的对流降水为主。当500hPa至地面气层内出现冷平流时,湿层变薄,降水趋于减弱。特大暴雨区出现在台风中心西北方向,与850hPa假相当位温锋区与水汽通量散度辐合大值区相吻合。 相似文献
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分析探讨了水汽导风（AMV-WV）资料的分布、质量,并使用国家气象中心准业务数值预报系统GRAPESGFS1-4-2-3版本进行了2013年5月1个月的数值预报影响试验。观测资料从国家信息中心的要素库中获取。结果显示:AMV-WV资料的主要分布在700hPa以上高度,云区QI（质量标识）大于80的AMV-WV其观测误差和红外导风相当;对数值预报影响试验表明云区AMV-WV资料对500100hPa高度上的风场分析是有改善的,分析的均方差略有减小,对6天预报500hPa高度距平相关系数提高0.02;晴空区AMV-WV的观测质量在700hPa以上相对较差,对分析和预报没有改进。 相似文献
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2008年7月14-15日,四川盆地西部"5.12"汶川大地震重灾区在非典型热力条件下出现了一次暴雨天气过程.本文利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对其天气形势及温度层结变化特征进行了详细分析.结果表明:(1)暴雨发生在副热带高压不断西伸的环流背景下,低层偏南气流及其风速脉动对暴雨产生具有重要作用.(2)暴雨开始于850hPa θse下降及大气层结为弱稳定的非典型热力条件下,但700 hPa θse突增使得700-500 hPa对流性不稳定层建立,从而利于对流运动发展;暴雨过程后期,因850 hPa和700 hPa θse急剧下降和大气层结稳定度增大,对流上升受到明显抑制.(3)低层θse锋区和水汽辐合对强降水具有指示意义,暴雨落区位于850 hPa和700 hPa θse锋区前沿,降水中心位于水汽汇合中心附近. 相似文献
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孙洪伟张宇张鑫王京京 《黑龙江气象》2022,(3):8-11
选取2020年8月27-28日黑龙江省降雨量和风的实况观测资料以及NCEP再分析等资料,分析了2020年“巴威”台风影响黑龙江省时的风雨天气实况、环流形势和物理量场特征。结果表明:“巴威”台风登陆后迅速减弱变性,对黑龙江省的影响主要是暴雨天气,风力影响相对较小。台风减弱变性后的温带气旋以及低层850 hPa和700 hPa风向或风速辐合为产生暴雨提供了较好的动力抬升条件,台风携带水汽及低空急流的水汽输送为产生暴雨提供了充分的水汽条件,低层风场辐合区稳定少动为产生暴雨提供了充足的时间。低层850 hPa比湿、水汽通量、水汽通量散度以及中低层垂直速度等物理量要素对预报暴雨落区和发生时间有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献