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1.
利用北京、天津和沧州多普勒天气雷达对2010—2019年廊坊市发生的29次雷暴大风天气过程中的阵风锋、径向速度大值区、垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）≥40 kg?m-2等预警指标进行验证分析，结果表明：51.9%的站次出现了阵风锋，其中61.0%的雷暴大风出现在主体回波移动前方中部到右侧；17 m?s-1以上大风速区作为预警指标，预警的平均提前量达47.2 min。100%的弓形回波雷暴大风出现前上游及可能影响区域存在≥17 m?s-1的大风速区，以此发布预警可提前37.1 min；71.4%的雷暴大风站点上空或10 km范围内VIL≥40 kg?m-2，平均预警提前量最高，达到52.7 min；依据带状回波前侧或右前侧出现阵风锋发布预警的平均提前量为60.6 min。73.7%的块状回波雷暴大风天气上游及可能影响区域有≥17 m?s-1的大风速区。结合上游及可能影响区域≥17 m?s-1和≥20 m?s-1以上大风速区、阵风锋、VIL≥40 kg?m-2出现位置可以提前30—60 min发布雷暴大风预警信号，且可更加精准的预测灾害性大风的落区、出现时间和强度。 相似文献
2.
北京地区雷暴大风不同生命期内的雷达统计特征及预警提前量分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
选取2010—2014年发生在北京地区的19个致灾的雷暴大风天气过程,应用北京新一代多普勒天气雷达体扫资料的反射率因子和径向速度产品,分析了雷暴大风天气不同生命期内的雷达回波特征。分析发现依据径向速度大值区能对77.8%的带状回波造成的雷暴大风天气提前发布预警,能对100%的弓形回波造成的雷暴大风天气提前发布预警,而其中有67%可提前30min发布预警;孤立的块状回波前侧均未观测到阵风锋回波,径向速度图未观测到入流急流,径向速度大值区不明显。但径向速度图上观测到的中层径向辐合、入流急流、中气旋及反射率图上观测到的阵风锋都为雷暴大风的提前预警提供了重要指示特征。 相似文献
3.
摘 要：利用常规观测、北京和天津多普勒天气雷达探测等资料，对2020年6月25日夜间发生在河北省廊坊市一次冰雹、雷暴大风和短时强降水等强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明：此次超级单体风暴发生的背景条件为高空冷涡前部高空槽叠加地面冷锋系统，高CAPE值、强垂直风切变以及适当的0 ℃和-20 ℃高度等为其发展维持提供了有利的环境条件。超级单体属于右移强风暴，发展演变过程中回波形状不断变化，中气旋特征持续存在，回波垂直结构呈现出回波墙-回波悬垂和有界弱回波区-三体散射和旁瓣回波等典型超级单体雷达回波特征。在本次过程中，55 dBz及以上强回波迅速向高层伸展后迅速下降并配合较低的强回波质心高度，预示地面将出现大冰雹和灾害性大风；VIL最大值达到55 kg?m-2可以作为本地发布冰雹预警的指标，发布冰雹预警时间可以提前12 min；将VIL值升到40 kg?m-2作为地面灾害大风预警指标，发布雷暴大风预警的提前量为24 min。三维空间图像可以直观地展现出超级单体的空间结构。 相似文献
4.
应用河北省石家庄新乐CINRAD-SA雷达资料对2006—2008年河北省中南部地区262个站雷暴大风的雷达回波特征进行统计。分析发现, 雷暴大风的主要雷达回波特征有弓形回波、阵风锋和径向速度大值区,出现其中一个或多个特征均可发布雷暴大风预警。根据以上雷达回波特征能够对66%的雷暴大风发布预警,34%的雷暴大风仅仅依据雷达资料无法预警,其中孤立块状回波占39%,带状回波占61%。弓形回波仅占雷暴大风的19.8%,能够观测到的阵风锋回波仅占16.8%,65.3%的雷暴大风观测到径向速度大值区,径向速度大值区是雷暴大风最重要的雷达回波特征。径向速度大值区的形成一般早于弓形回波和阵风锋回波,依据径向速度大值区可更早发布雷暴大风预警。 相似文献
5.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、自动站5 min资料、天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达组网资料,对2017年7月27日夜间出现在成都地区的一次雷暴大风天气过程进行分析,结果表明:本次过程发生在副热带高压和切变线共同影响下,地面辐合线、弱垂直风切变、层结不稳定和较大的对流有效位能为雷暴大风的发生提供了有利的环境条件。此次雷暴大风天气过程是由多单体风暴产生的;雷达回波具有窄带回波、反射率因子质心快速下降、风暴前侧出流、后侧入流和中层径向辐合等特征,这些特征对监测和预警雷暴大风有很好的指示意义。雷暴高压和强冷中心对雷暴大风的形成和维持有着重要作用。在大风过程中,风向突变伴有瞬时风速增大,但风向突变出现时间较最大瞬时风速出现提前了5 min左右,中尺度气旋式辐合的出现时间较最大瞬时风速有15 min的提前量。阵风锋坡度愈大,前侧上升气流坡度愈大;阵风锋后部的垂直风速变化落后于水平风速的变化。 相似文献
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天津地区雷暴大风天气雷达产品特征分析 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
应用2002-2007年天津共46次雷暴大风天气过程的新一代天气雷达资料,并结合灾情报告和地面自动气象站资料,根据雷达基本反射率回波特征,影响渤海西部雷暴大风的雷达回波形态有以下四种类型:弓状回波、阵风锋、带状回波和零散椭圆状回波,其中弓状回波对应的雷暴大风天气最为强烈,特别是弓状回波的前部和顶端突起部分;同时弓状回波主体维持时间与雷暴大风维持时间基本一致.另外,应用垂直积分液态水含量产品(VIL)进行了统计分析.结果表明:当VIL值达到或超过40 kg·m~(-2)时,随后VIL值的快速减小对于预警雷暴大风天气有指示意义,这种信息一般能够提前10分钟出现.此外,分析了雷暴大风的路径来源有四类:分别是北方路径有9次,西北路径占19次,西方路径14次和其他路径4次,其中北方路径带来的灾害相对严重.这些特征对预警渤海西部雷暴大风天气提供使用价值,同时也可提供其他地区参考使用. 相似文献
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利用高空、地面天气图,宝鸡多普勒雷达资料统计分析了关中地区7例阵风锋天气成因及雷达回波特征。分析表明:西北气流携带的中空干冷平流是强对流发生的有利条件,地面干线是强对流的触发系统,地面气温35℃以上高温且湿度20%～35%是阵风锋发生的有利环境。雷达回波上,阵风锋从初生、发展、加强到减弱的生命史为1～3 h,与雷暴回波由强(≥55 dBz)减弱(≤30 dBz)的过程一致。阵风锋移动速度与雷暴径向速度有直接关系,雷暴出流快速达到最大(17 m/s)时,阵风锋发展达到强盛时段,其强度、长度达到最大;阵风锋移动方向与雷暴移动方向大体一致,呈西北—东南向;少数与主体风暴移向垂直,为东北—西南向。阵风锋在1.5°仰角出现最早,关注识别1.5°仰角阵风锋窄带回波前兆可为发布大风预警提供依据。 相似文献
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基于2016—2021年湖北多普勒雷达及加密自动气象站资料，对湖北雷暴阵风锋特征进行分析。结果表明：(1)湖北阵风锋主要出现在6—8月，占总数的96%，其中8月最多；一天中主要发生时段为15:00—18:00(北京时，下同)，峰值在17:00；大多数阵风锋持续时间为1.5～3.0 h；产生阵风锋的母雷暴中35%为多单体雷暴，40%为多单体雷暴群，25%为飑线。(2)阵风锋主要有5个生成区域，分别为省外、鄂东北、江汉平原、鄂西北的襄阳和鄂西南的宜昌，相同区域生成的阵风锋移动方向有较好的规律性。鄂东北生成的阵风锋最多，占总数的33%。(3)不是所有母雷暴及其阵风锋都能引发地面大风，69%的母雷暴和9%的阵风锋产生的地面极大风速大于等于17.0 m·s-1。在多单体和多单体雷暴群中，母雷暴的回波强度越强，母雷暴及其阵风锋产生的地面大风概率越大，阵风锋产生的地面风速强度与其回波强度、空间尺度关系不大。(4)阵风锋有较强对流触发能力，91%的阵风锋在其后部、附近和前侧触发对流单体。母雷暴与其阵风锋反馈作用不同，对流触发与阵风锋的相对位置有差别，正反馈型大多在阵风锋后部触发对... 相似文献
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为认识统计山西雷暴大风的雷达产品特征，做好其预报预警，利用2013—2017年4—9月高空探测资料和地面观测资料以及多普勒雷达资料对山西39次雷暴大风过程进行研究。根据500 h Pa环流形势将其分为四大类型：西北气流型、冷涡型、西风槽前型、副热带高压（简称“副高”）切变型。统计分析了不同环流背景下雷暴大风的雷达产品特征及其预警提前量。结果表明：（1）块状孤立对流单体是任一环流背景下山西雷暴大风的主要雷达回波形态。（2）副高切变型雷暴大风的最大回波强度、回波顶高、最大垂直积分液态水含量值最高，冷涡型最低。（3）低层径向速度大值区对雷暴大风的指示意义最明显，预警提前量最多，可提前30 min以上。（4）雷暴大风发生时，有阵风锋和逆风区出现，但出现次数极少。研究结果对利用雷达产品预警山西雷暴大风提供参考依据。 相似文献
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为更好地开展对江西冰雹天气的监测预警工作,使用MICAPS数据、自动站数据、雷达拼图数据、雷达PUP产品数据、双多普勒雷达反演风场数据、冰雹灾情照片视频和微信冰雹信息反馈等资料,采用天气学、雷达气象学等原理与方法,对2022年3月14日江西及周边省份冰雹回波特征进行分析,结果表明：3月14日,江西及周边省份多地出现冰雹,20个区域站出现≥17.2m·s-1的大风,24个区域站出现≥50.0mm的降水,且雷暴大风和冷空气大风混合出现。200hPa高空出流区、500hPa南支槽和风速切变、850hPa低涡和切变线、地面辐合线和西南倒槽是冰雹天气主要系统;南昌订正后较大的CAPE、较强逆温层、中层干区和低层湿区为冰雹天气发生提供了环境条件。冰雹以超级单体回波为主,有时孤立存在,有时存在于回波群、回波带之中;回波强度≥60 dBz,强回波面积最小≥18km2,最大≥180km2;30～60dBz强回波梯度距离≤6km,具有明显的云砧前伸回波;冰雹回波生命史多数在2h以上。在冰雹回波识别中,垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)是一个很重要的特征。江西冰雹单部雷达VIL在35～60 kg·m-2,雷达拼图上VIL为35～50kg·m-2。在冰雹回波2.5kmCAPPI图上,冰雹回波强度均≥60dBz,最大可达65dBz;在双多普勒雷达反演风场上多数回波中心具有中涡旋结构、侧面辐合风场、南北风场辐合等特征;有些个例风场比较凌乱。上述分析结果为江西冰雹天气的监测预警提供了分析依据。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献