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1.
利用FY-2E卫星数据获取的强对流云团面积、重心、长短轴比、重心与形心距离、移动速度、移动角度和最低亮温等属性的变化可作为动态特征,利用慢特征分析方法提取云团中具有一定连续性和稳定性的动态特征对强对流云团不同阶段进行识别和追踪.结果表明,动态特征与强对流云团的不同发展阶段具有很好的对应关系:在初生阶段,云团的移动方向和速度不稳定,但是面积呈现出缓慢增长态势,云顶亮温缓慢下降,此时云团的慢特征为面积和云顶亮温;在成熟阶段,云团的移动路径趋于稳定,云顶亮温达到最低,云团重心和形心基本重合;在消散阶段,存在云团分裂和云团的重心与形心分离特征.云团长短轴比的变化与云团最低亮温的变化趋势一致,移速缓慢的对流云团更容易造成集中强降水,快速移动的对流云团大多造成地面大风. 相似文献
2.
基于FY-2C静止卫星红外和水汽通道资料,简单分析了发生在四川盆地的西南低涡暴雨云团生消过程,给出了一些有意义的云团生命特征。同时,结合相应的地面自动站降水资料,详细分析了卫星红外和水汽通道云顶亮温与对流云团降水之间的关系特征,结果表明:对于一完整对流降水过程,1小时内最低水汽亮温和水汽亮温增量能很好地描述地面1小时累计降水特征。然而,用静止卫星红外或水汽通道亮温来表征的云团降水特征是非常复杂的。尽管具有相同的最低云顶红外或水汽亮温,但对不同的对流过程其总体降水量级趋势不一样。而且,对于同一对流过程的不同发展阶段,即使出现云顶红外或水汽亮温一样,但其地面降水特征也是不一致的。甚至是对于同一时刻具有相同最低红外或最低水汽亮温特征的云,其降水落区与量级都不尽相同。正是这些复杂的降水特征,使得西南低涡对流云团的降水估算具有很大的难度。 相似文献
3.
为获得青海高原（以下简称高原）对流云团的强降水监测预警特征和预警方法,使用葵花-8卫星数据跟踪识别高原典型强降水天气过程的对流云团,计算并分析具有提前预警意义的云团特征参数。结果表明：（1）本文提出的对流云团识别的改进多通道法,经与传统多通道法对比检验,证明所得云团更接近对流主体,该方法适用于高原对流云团识别。（2）对流形成到成熟阶段,特征参数起伏变化,但红外与水汽通道亮温差（DTB13）和云顶亮温（Tmin）整体下降,云顶亮温梯度（GTmax）整体上升;在对流发展阶段仅红外1和2通道亮温差（DTB12）平均可达预警极值,在成熟阶段则是Tmin、DTB13、GTmax、深对流指数（DCI）等平均可达预警极值。高原上强降水天气的对流云多发展成深对流,降水发生在云团特征参数极值附近,短时强降水发生在深对流云区内特定云顶（上冲云顶或近似上冲云顶）所在特征参数极值区内或边缘附近。（3）特征参数极值对一般降水和强降水的开始时间分别提前0～1 h和0.5～4.5 h出现,在西风型流场下对强降水开始的提前时间相对较长。降水开始前,副高型流场下对流云团向深对流发展变化最剧烈,表现为DCI和GTmax平... 相似文献
4.
用云团强中心附近最大亮温梯度区判别强降水 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
用1996～2001年5～7月GMS红外云图资料,分析了GMS红外云图云顶温度与对应的地面雨量站的1 h雨量的关系,结果表明云团降水最强的区域既不是出现在云顶温度最低的区域,也不是出现在云顶温度梯度最大的区域,而是出现在云团强中心附近的云顶最大温度梯度区移动方向大约4个像素的地方.同时采用回归分析方法统计了云团最强降水与最低云顶亮温和发展率等因子的关系,然后根据云团强中心附近的最大亮温梯度区的移动来估计云团未来1 h强降水可能的强度与落区. 相似文献
5.
浙江省降水云系红外云图特征及其与降水量的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用2000~2003年GMS红外云图资料,统计分析了影响浙江省降水系统的红外云图特征及其与地面1 h降水量的关系。结果表明:降水云团的云顶亮温、1 h云顶亮温差、云顶亮温梯度和云团移动速度与地面降水强度的对应关系是非线性的,并且随季节的变化它们的关系又有明显变化;随着云顶亮温的降低,1 h降水量降水强度逐渐增大,出现强降水的机率也明显增多;浙江省内易出现2.0 mm/h(中雨)7、.0 mm/h(大雨)、15.0 mm/h(暴雨)强降水的云顶亮温指标分别为-30℃、-36℃、-41℃。 相似文献
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利用2017—2018年葵花卫星(Himawari)TBB亮温资料,计算最低亮温、亮温梯度、红外与水汽亮温差和低亮温区面积及其随时间变化率等特征参量,确定短时暴雨的卫星参数阈值,并融合了雷达参数阈值及过去1 h地面加密降水实况资料,采用指标叠加法判定监测区域内某一云团未来2 h能否产生区域性短时暴雨天气,并采用交叉相关法外推云团的移动,进而对强降水云团进行预警。对2019年几次暴雨过程预报检验结果是:预警命中率(POD)为80.6%~97.1%,平均为91.0%,临界成功指数(CSI)为77.2%~79.2%,平均为77.9%,所预警的云团未来2 h影响区域出现≥30 mm/h短时暴雨站数占全省短时暴雨站数的76.4%~96.2%,平均为85.2%,整体预警效果较好。 相似文献
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基于CloudSat、FY-2E资料的中国海域及周边地区深对流和穿透性对流特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深对流在地-气系统的物质和能量交换中起着至关重要的作用,伴随而来的暴雨、雷电、冰雹等天气会对人类社会产生影响。利用CloudSat/CALIPSO和FY-2E卫星观测数据,研究了中国海域及周边地区非穿透性对流（DCwo）及穿透性对流（CO）的海-陆分布、云顶红外亮温和云团特征（包括对流系统（CS）和对流单体（CC）的面积、活跃性对流比、偏心率、最低亮温、平均亮温梯度）。结果发现:穿透性对流比非穿透性对流的云顶红外亮温更低,垂直高度上的雷达反射率更高;从发生次数来看,非穿透性对流/穿透性对流在海洋比陆地多,低纬度比高纬度多,夏季比其他季节多,冬季海陆差异最大;从云顶亮温的分布来看,海洋比陆地、穿透性对流比非穿透性对流集中分布区间的亮温值更低,穿透性对流的分布区间比非穿透性对流集中;从云团特征来看,对流系统/对流单体的发生频率随面积的增大而降低,穿透性对流比非穿透性对流、海洋比陆地更容易出现较大面积的对流系统/对流单体,海洋穿透性对流的活跃性对流比相对较高;偏心率在0.5以上的发生频率较高,对流系统形状更偏向于圆形,在海洋上更加明显;穿透性对流在海陆上的最低亮温集中分布区间为190-195 K,比非穿透性对流的分布更集中,平均亮温梯度在0.1 K/km以下的发生频率较高。 相似文献
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通过分析2005-2008年影响浙江的梅汛期强降水云团特征,将云团分为偏北型、居中型和偏南型,研究这三种类型云团云顶亮温与地面1小时强降水极值和10mm/h以上降水覆盖面积关系,结果表明偏南型和偏北型云团有较多相似特征,而居中型云团较其他两种云团则有较多相反特征.通过分析1小时强降水相对于云团中心移动路径的落区,指出梅汛期云顶1小时变温和亮温梯度与地面1小时强降水落区无明显配对模型.随后利用天气形势场资料,分析强降水云团与环境要素场的关系,指出云顶亮温的宏观特征与中高层的垂直速度、水汽通量密切相关,最后尝试建立三种类型强降水云团成熟阶段云顶亮温和地面降水人工神经网络预报方程,给预报员提供参考. 相似文献
10.
云南一次秋季雷暴过程的闪电特征及形成条件分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用NCEP/NCAR资料、雷达回波、卫星云图和闪电定位系统等新一代探测资料对2010年9月21-23日的云南雷暴过程进行了分析.结果表明,西移的热带低压“凡亚比”为这次雷暴云团发展提供了热带偏东风辐合及低层暖(300～302 K)、中层湿(相对湿度≥80％)等有利环流背景条件.中尺度雷暴云团负闪电占主导地位,发展阶段云顶亮温下降,均为负闪电,负闪电频数高达1 245次·(30min)-1;从成熟阶段到消散阶段,云顶亮温逐渐上升,负闪电逐渐减少,有少量的正闪电出现并逐渐增加.另外,雷暴云团结构和闪电空间分布不均匀,具有前部为主对流区而后部为云砧或高云的结构特征,云顶亮温前部较后部低且梯度大.密集负闪电主要出现在云顶亮温≤-60℃附近和前部大的云顶亮温梯度区,稀疏正闪电分散在密集负闪电后部和云团中部.多普勒天气雷达显示,雷暴云团前部云区表现为具有不均匀结构的中尺度带状回波,后部云区属于无回波区;密集负闪电主要出现在带状回波上强度≥40 dBz和顶高≥10 km的强回波区内及中尺度不均匀风场附近,且回波强度越强、顶高越高,负闪电越密集;发展后期稀疏的正闪电分散在强回波的后部边缘或者后部弱的对流回波和层状云回波上. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
16.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献