共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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大气气溶胶的卫星遥感及其在气候和环境研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
卫星遥感可以获得全球范围的大气气溶胶光学特性,目前国内外已有多颗卫星观测能够提供气溶胶特性的资料。本文综述性介绍国内外卫星遥感气溶胶特性方面的研究进展和成果,并讨论了卫星遥感资料在气候和环境研究领域中的应用。主要内容包括:极轨/静止卫星平台搭载的被动遥感传感器及其反演气溶胶特性的方法;星载激光雷达获取气溶胶光学特性的方法;国内外正在研发的新一代卫星主、被动气溶胶遥感探测器;卫星气溶胶产品在气溶胶辐射强迫、气候效应、大尺度污染输送、区域空气质量监测等研究中的应用。 相似文献
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基于2007—2021年CALIPSO和MODIS主、被动卫星遥感探测数据,对塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠的气溶胶光学特性时空分布特征进行探究及对比分析。结果表明：（1）两大沙漠的沙尘气溶胶对总气溶胶的贡献率最大,气溶胶类型季节变化的相对单一性反映了塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠地区存在沙漠沙尘排放对总气溶胶成分的显著影响;（2）塔克拉玛干沙漠气溶胶光学厚度AOD的峰值出现在春季（春季>夏季>秋季>冬季）,而撒哈拉沙漠AOD的峰值出现在夏季（夏季>春季>秋季>冬季）;（3）撒哈拉沙漠总气溶胶抬升高度与塔克拉玛干沙漠相近,但近地面层消光系数明显小于塔克拉玛干沙漠;塔克拉玛干沙漠的消光系数平均值在所有季节中均大于撒哈拉沙漠,故塔克拉玛干沙漠的沙尘气溶胶AOD比撒哈拉沙漠的大;相比沙漠沙尘气溶胶,塔克拉玛干沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠都无明显的污染沙尘和抬升烟活动。上述研究结果揭示了两大沙漠源区沙尘气溶胶光学特性的观测事实与利用大气气溶胶时空变化特征反映区域气候变化的可能性。 相似文献
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青藏高原大气气溶胶研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文中综述了近30年来青藏高原大气气溶胶的研究现状,包括青藏高原大气气溶胶光学厚度、气溶胶面密度等的时空变化特征,大气气溶胶化学成分分析及气候效应的研究等。大多利用卫星、激光雷达及地面采样等资料分析研究气溶胶。青藏高原大气气溶胶研究已经取得了显著进展。文中主要综述了该领域的研究成果,并对其今后的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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刘新春 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(3):68-74
沙尘气溶胶对全球气候变化的影响是当前国内外研究的热点问题。我国学者对沙尘气溶胶也开展了广泛的研究,尤其是在近10年,科研工作者对沙尘气溶胶的物理化学特性及其对气候的影响进行了重点研究。本文主要对沙尘气溶胶的物理特性（浓度、粒径谱分布、垂直分布特征及光学特性）、化学特性以及气候效应等方面的研究进行了综述,并对今后沙尘气溶胶研究中所面临的科学问题进行了展望。 相似文献
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人类活动对气候影响的研究Ⅰ.温室气体和气溶胶 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
近5年来中国在温室气体源和汇,碳循环,气溶胶以及对流层臭氧等方面都进行了大量的研究.作者着重介绍农田温室气体排放,碳循环模式,亚洲沙尘气溶胶,对流层臭氧前体物的来源以及大气有机化合物的浓度观测等方面的主要研究成果,特别是关于稻田甲烷排放和沙尘气溶胶的物理化学特性方面的研究成果. 相似文献
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Lidar methods for observing mineral dust aerosols are reviewed.These methods include Mie scattering lidars,polarization lidars,Raman scattering lidars,high-spectral-resolution lidars,and fluorescence lidars.Some of the lidar systems developed by the authors and the results of the observations and applications are introduced.The largest advantage of the lidar methods is that they can observe vertical distribution of aerosols continuously with high temporal and spatial resolutions.Networks of ground-based lidars provide useful data for understanding the distribution and movement of mineral dust and other aerosols.The lidar network data are actually used for validation and assimilation of dust transport models,which can evaluate emission,transport,and deposition of mineral dust.The lidar methods are also useful for measuring the optical characteristics of aerosols that are essential to assess the radiative effects of aerosols.Evolution of the lidar data analysis methods for aerosol characterization is also reviewed.Observations from space and ground-based networks are two important approaches with the lidar methods in the studies of the effects of mineral dust and other aerosols on climate and the environment.Directions of the researches with lidar methods in the near future are discussed. 相似文献
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Nobuo Sugimoto Yukari Hara Atsushi Shimizu Tomoaki Nishizawa Ichiro Matsui Masataka Nishikawa 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(1):27-39
The Asian dust events in 2008 (May 24–June 4 in 2008) and in 2009 (March 12–25, October 13–26, and December 15–28 in 2009) were analyzed with the lidar network observations, surface observations in China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia, and with the chemical transport model CFORS. Transport of Asian dust and mixing of dust with air pollution aerosols were studied. The event of May 24 to June 4 in 2008 was a significant event unusually late in the spring dust season. The dust event of March 12–25, 2009 was an interesting example of elevated dust layer, and transport of dust from the elevated dust layer to the ground by the boundary layer activity was observed with the lidars and surface observations in Japan. The concentration of air pollution aerosols was relatively high during the dust event, and the results suggest that vertical structure as well as transport path is important for the mixing of dust and air pollution aerosols. The dust events in October and December 2009 were examples of dust events in autumn and winter. The online mode CFORS reproduced the observation data generally well, except for the event of May 24 to June 4 in 2008. The results of the fourdimensional variational assimilation of the lidar network data reproduced the dust concentration in Korea and Japan reasonably in that event. 相似文献
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北方局地夏末气溶胶光学特性综合观测分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文对中国北方相近地理经度不同纬度的三个试验点（内蒙草原生态定位站、北京、新乡）夏末季节大气气溶胶特性进行了地面粒子计数和整层光学遥感等综合观测。分析结果表明，这三个试验点地面和整层气溶胶数浓度通常有内蒙较小，北京居中，新乡最大的特征。文中提出了浓度比这个参量，它可以定量描述地面源气溶胶对整层大气气溶胶的相对贡献。据此分析可知内蒙地面源较弱，与该地区人类活动稀少相对应。由浓度比推测，新乡除近地面城市空气污染较严重外，滨临的黄河河面水汽蒸发作用也是促成气溶胶浓度增大的原因。 相似文献
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气象卫星的红外窗区通道 (8~12 μm) 对于通常大气气溶胶几乎没有响应, 但对于较大颗粒且浓度较强的沙尘气溶胶, 尤其是沙尘暴有明显的信号反应。空气中的沙尘在红外分裂窗通道表现出两个特征:一是对地表发射到空间的红外信号产生衰减, 造成卫星探测到的地气系统亮温降低, 这就是所谓的红外差值沙尘指数IDDI; 二是沙尘粒子在红外分裂窗两个通道的比辐射率不同, 11 μm比12 μm的比辐射率低, 从而造成这两个通道的亮温差是负值。基于这两个特征和沙尘多通道光谱聚类法, 针对静止气象卫星观测数据进行了沙尘暴卫星遥感监测业务算法开发, 输出沙尘暴监测产品和红外差值沙尘指数产品, 这一算法不仅用于已经退役的GMS-5卫星, 而且应用于正在运行的静止气象卫星FY-2C, 它还为沙尘暴的定量或半定量遥感提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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The spatial–temporal properties of aerosol types over China are studied using the radiance measurements and inversions data at four Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) stations in China. Based on a cluster analysis, five aerosol classes were identified including a coarse-sized dominated aerosol type (presumably dust) and four fine-sized dominated aerosol types ranging from non-absorbing to highly absorbing fine aerosols. The optical properties and seasonal variations of these aerosol types are investigated. The results of analysis show that: (1) the highly absorbing aerosols usually occur in winter, (2) non-absorbing aerosols are frequently observed in summer; (3) coarse-sized dominated aerosols are frequently occurred in spring. 相似文献
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Donna M. Powell John A. Reagan Manuel A. Rubio Wayne H. Erxleben James D. Spinhirne 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):652-661
Multiple‐angle micro‐pulse lidar (MPL) observations were made at Las Galletas on Tenerife, Canary Islands during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment‐2 (ACE‐2) conducted June–July, 1997. A principal objective of the MPL observations was to characterize the temporal/spatial distributions of aerosols in the region, particularly to identify and profile elevated Saharan dust layers which occur intermittently during the June–July time period. Vertical and slant angle measurements taken 16 and 17 July characterize such an occurrence, providing aerosol backscatter, extinction, and optical depth profiles of the dust layer between 1 and 5 km above mean sea level (MSL). Additionally, horizontal measurements taken in Las Galletas throughout the 6‐week period provide a time profile of the varying aerosol extinction at the surface. This profile exhibits the alternating periods of clean maritime air and pollution outbreaks that typified the region. Horizontal measurements also provide some evidence suggesting the possible influx of Saharan dust from the free troposphere to the surface. This paper presents estimates of aerosol optical properties retrieved from the multi‐angle MPL measurements in addition to an outline of the methodologies employed to obtain these results. 相似文献