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利用2000—2016年的县域台风灾害历史灾情数据,选取受灾人数、死亡人数、倒损房屋数、农作物受灾面积和直接经济损失为评估指标,在对各项指标进行分级的基础上,通过灰色关联分析法建立了以县域为单位的台风灾害综合灾损指标,对所选取市县的台风灾害损失情况进行了分级评估分析。结果表明,所选取的指标能够快速实现不同台风灾害、不同市县间的台风灾害严重程度的对比分析,具有实际应用价值。灾害等级分布结果显示,东南沿海市县为台风灾害多发区,浙江省、广东省和福建省的各市县为严重灾害（特大型、大型灾害）的易发区;8月、9月为严重灾害的多发时间。以不同登陆地点、不同影响范围的1210号“达维”台风和1513号“苏迪罗”台风为例,对灾情评估的合理性进行了验证。 相似文献
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强台风"云娜"登陆过程的研究——基于AREM模式的数值分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用新改进的双重嵌套AREM数值预报模式,并与高时空分辨率的探测资料相结合,针对台风“云娜”登陆加强的特点进行数值模拟分析,结果表明该模式对“云娜”台风环流特征、强度变化趋势和台风降雨等都有较强的预报能力。在此基础上,定量研究其登陆加强过程中三维大气中尺度场动、热力特征及演变过程,并探讨了其登陆加强的机理。由此得出了与“云娜”登陆加强相关的重要影响因子:(1)副热带高压西南侧的偏东引导气流加强是“云娜”登陆前移速加快、强度增强的有利环境场条件。(2)“云娜”近海移速加快时有较强的东密西疏的不对称流场结构,特别是其垂直速度场以及强对流发展的水平分布的强不对称特征与该气旋登陆加强同时发生,也可能与台风强度维持和加强存在一定的相关。(3)在“云娜”中心西南侧的强凝结潜热释放过程,有可能助其在登陆时加强。此外,在“云娜”发展加强阶段,低层暖湿、中层干冷的位势不稳定层结,有利于对流的强盛发展。(4)“云娜”登陆前后有强低空急流与之联结,并有垂直对流运动发展,由此可获得不断增强的潜热能量是其登陆加强的另一个重要机制。 相似文献
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台风灾害是威胁我国沿海地区经济社会发展的一个重大障碍,传统的台风灾害探讨的往往是致灾因子和孕灾环境对灾害的影响,但研究表明,承灾体的社会经济等易损性程度对台风灾害有着放大或缩小的作用。因此,本文通过收集和整理浙江省11个地级市的社会、经济等数据,运用统计学方法构建台风灾害承灾体的易损性评价指标,并对浙江省各地级市的易损性程度进行了评价,结果显示,省会杭州和浙东沿海台风易损性程度较高,浙江中部为中等级别,湖州、舟山和浙西南的衢州、丽水4市易损性较低。对比分析表明,该评价结果较为合理,有一定的潜在表征性,为科学的、综合的台风灾害评估工作奠定了基础。 相似文献
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对2004年鄂东一次台风暴雨天气过程的分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据2004年8月13-15日鄂东8个自动气象站（武穴、黄梅、蕲春、浠水、英山、罗田、红安、麻城）的有关地面气象资料、高空天气图及T213产品等资料,采用天气学方法和物理量特征分析方法,对2004年第14号台风“云娜”带来的鄂东暴雨天气过程进行了综合分析。结果表明：（1）“云娜”台风是副热带高压西南侧的sE气流引导下西行影响鄂东的：（2）850hPa水汽通量散度负值较大区是鄂东“云娜”台风暴雨强降水区;（3）与西风带系统产生的暴雨相比,在这一台风暴雨期间与之后,涡度变化较为强烈。 相似文献
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通过宁波新一代天气雷达对0414号台风“云娜”的多普勒雷达探测资料及其所提供的产品进行个例分析, 得出了一些初步的结果:该雷达对“云娜”的中心位置探测与舟山、温州雷达以及中央气象台综合定位基本一致; 通过大陈站、石浦站出现的极大风速与温州、宁波两部多普勒雷达测得的最大径向速度比较, 发现其独特的径向速度产品能较好地显示台风的极大风速情况; 探测到的反射率因子强度与雨强有较好的对应关系, 并就此讨论了Z-I关系。文章还对总降水量产品和实况雨量进行比较, 发现反演值只有实况过程雨量的50%左右。 相似文献
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开封市台风低压型暴雨预报方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用开封市1980～2000年气象资料，分析了造成开封暴雨的台风低压天气形势、动力和水汽条件，确定了天气形势入型指标、预报因子和预报方程，并较准确地预报出2004年“云娜”台风低压造成的开封暴雨过程。 相似文献
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利用美国CAPS的非静力高分辨率区域预报模式ARPS（先进区域预报系统）对0414号台风“云娜”进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明ARPS较好地模拟台风“云娜”的移动路径及台风大暴雨。并着重讨论新—代天气雷达资料对台风“云娜”数值模拟的影响,通过对雷达资料同化进模式与没有雷达资料同化进模式对比模拟的试验结果分析表明：雷达资料进模式,对中高层的风场调整,改进对台风细微结构特征描述,加大近台风中心南侧的西风分量和近台风中心西侧的北风分量,从而改进云娜台风登陆后西行移动路径预报;对扰动温度、雨水混合率、云水混合率及水汽混合率场等调整,改善模式初始场台风中高层成雨条件,对台风降水预报,尤其暴雨的落区、降水分布及其随时间变化的预报有较大改进。 相似文献
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台州位于浙江省中部沿海,旱、涝、风、寒、雹、虫各种灾害齐全,以台风,洪涝、干旱为灾害之首;每年和各季均有不同程度的灾害发生。解放40年来,共发生洪涝灾害32次,平均5年4遇,发生旱灾34次,平均8年7遇,影响台风127个,平均每年3.2个、其中直接登陆我区12次,造成重灾的有32次;数灾并发,旱涝交替,旱涝并发达 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献